专题四状语从句.doc

专题四 状语从句
状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。根据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种。1、时间状语从句 2、地点状语从句 3、原因状语从句 4、目的状语从句 5、结果状语从句 6、条件状语从句 7、方式状语从句 8、让步状语从句 9、比较状语从句
1.时间状语从句
种类
从属连词
例句
说明

时
间
状
语
从
句

when
whenever
When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.
We shall go there whenever we are free.

When可表示点的时间或段的时间，从句中用瞬间动词或延续动词都可以。whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。
when
I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
He had gone through six carriages when he found he could go no further.
when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,可以看作是并列句,这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。
while
While it was raining, they went out.
I stayed while he was away.
While he was doing his homework, I was watching Tv.
Strike while the iron is hot.
while指“在某一段时间里”，“在…期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。主从句都是进行时用while
表“趁着”时用while
as
He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
As time went on, our teacher’s words proved true.
as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生, “一边…一边”.表“随着”时用as
before
Be a pupil before you become a teacher.
a.主语+had(not)+一段时间+before…

b. It will(not) be+一段时间+before…
It was(not)+一段时间+before…
c. 主句+before sb. can/could do sth.

d. 主句+before sb. knew it.
before译为在…之前
肯定句“好久…才…”否定句“不久…就…”
肯定句“要过…多久才…”否定句“不久…就…”
某人还没来得及做某事主句的动作就发生了
不知不觉地主句的时间就过去了
after
He arrived after the game started.

till /untill
We waited till (until)he came back .

如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止”

时
间
状
语
从
句
until
She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock .
Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.
It was not until I told her that she knew anything about it.
Not until I told her did she know anything about it.
如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直…才”“在…以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until
强调句

倒装句
since

He has lived here since he came to China.
It is /has been+一段时间+since…
主句用完成时，从句用过去时
Since从句中使用瞬间动词要译成肯定意义。表示“做某事到现在已经多久了”如是延续动词，要译成否定意义，表示“多久没做某事了”
hardly…when

no sooner
…than
as soon as
the moment
the minute
the instant
immediately
directly
instantly
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.
Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.
As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.
The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.
I left immediately the clock struck 5.
hardly…when和no sooner
…than的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。

p.s. on+n/v-ing
On our arrival, we were warmly welcomed by the local people.
every/each time, by the time, the first time, next time等
Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.
Next time you come ,you’ll see him.

在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。
地
点
状
语
从
句
where

wherever
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where there is water there is life.
You are free to go wherever you like.
Wherever you go, you must obey the law.
where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。

原
因
状
语
从
句

because

I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.
It’s because you are lazy that you have lost the job.
p.s.The football match was put off because it rained.
The football match was put off because of the rain.
because用来回答why 的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后。
since
Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.

since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首。

as
As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .

从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。
now( that),

Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.

now that 和since, as意义相似，有“既然，鉴于”的意思，that可以省去，常置于句首。
in that
He didn’t attend the meeting in that he was ill.
in that多出现在主句之后，其中的that不可省去。
目
的
状
语
从
句
so that

in order that

in case

for fear (that)
We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.
They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .
Take your raincoat in case it rains.
He left early in case he (should) miss the last train.
I dare not go there for fear that he might see me.
目的状语从句中常用情态动词may(might), can (could), should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号。
p.s. in case of
Keep an umbrella in case of rain.

结
果
状
语
从
句
so that

so…that
We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.
He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.
so that前有逗号为结果状语从句。
so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词。
such…that
He gave such important reasons that he was excused.
It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.
It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.
such…that的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /an…that还可以转换用so…that，语气较强
条
件
状
语
从
句
if

on condition that

unless

as/so long as

in case
once
suppose/supposing(that)
provided/providing(that)

条件祈使句
Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.
If I had enough money, I would buy the car.
You may use my bike on condition that you must return it by Friday.
We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.
So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed. In case he comes, let me know.
In case of fire, ring the alarm bell, please.
Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.
Suppose/Supposing he can’t come, who will do the work?
We’ll visit Europe next year, provided
/providing we have the money.
Work hard, and you’ll succeed.
unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和if…not同义，unless是书面语，if…not是口语，通常二者可以换用。
条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。

祈使句+and/or/or else
/otherwise+简单句（will）
方
式
状
语
从
句
as

as if/as though
Do as you like.
Do as the Romans do.
She looks as if she is ill.
He spoke as if he had been there before.
I remember it as if it were yesterday.
此处as译为“按照或正如”
as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。

让
步
状
语
从
句

让
步
状
语
从
句

though/although

whether…or…
Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.
We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.
Whether we go or stay, the result is the same.
在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。though / although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。
even if/even though
We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.
I won’t give up even if I should fail ten times.
even if 和even though的意思为“即使，尽管”有退一步想的意味，多用于书面语中。
while
While I understand your point of view, I don’t share it.
while引导让步状语从句，一般位于主句之前。
as
Child as he is , he knows a lot .
Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,) the children play outdoors.
He was unable to make such progress, hard as he tried.
Try as he might, he failed.
as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though或
although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。
no matter (who, what when, where which, how…)
Do it no matter what others say.
No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.
No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.
no matter……与 who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一 样，no matter……引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。
wh－ever
(whatever
whoever
whenever
whichever
however)
Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.
Whoever comes, he will be welcome.
Whatever you do should be good for the society.
Please give the book to whoever wins the first prize.
wh－ever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用。判断wh－ever引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的一点是，名词性从句，主句中一定有一个成分要用从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。
不可将no matter与wh—ever连用
比较
状
语
从
句

as…as
not so/as…as
the same…as
such…as
Mary is as old as my sister.
He doesn’t run so (as) fast as Jack (does).
His book is the same as mine.
Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .
连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用as…as否定句可用not as…as 或not so…as
than
She has made greater progress this year than she did last year.
He bought fewer books than I (did).
表示不同程度之比较，主句中用比较级的形容词或副词。

the more …the more
The more you read, the better you understand.
The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
The sooner, the better.
the more…the more 意思为越…越…，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个the都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面。
句子意思明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略。

状语从句中的省略问题
一、当状语从句的主语是it，动词是系动词be时，则通常可省去主语it及系动词be，留下其余部分。如：
Everything went on better than (it had been) expected.
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.
二、当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，同时从句中又含有系动词be，则通常可省去从句的主语和系动词be，留下其余部分。如：
1．连词+形容词
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.
2．连词+名词
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.
3．连词+介词短语
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.
4．连词+现在分词
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.
5．连词+过去分词
He won’t go there with us unless (he is) invited.
6．连词+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.
注意：若从句主语和主句主语不一致时，从句部分要么用完全形式，要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如：
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.
(= The meeting over, ....)
While she was reading the novel, tears came to her eyes.
(=She reading the novel, ....)

巩固性练习：请选出符合题意的最佳选项。
1. When first ______ to the market, these products enjoy great success.
A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
2.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when_____ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if______ whether he was going in the fight direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
4. Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
5. Unless _____ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
6. The research is so designed that once________ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. began
7. When _______ , the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
8. Though_______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in

09年高考题
1.（北京卷22）You may use the room as you like ___ you clean it up afterwards.
A. so far as     B. so long as   C. in case   D. even if
2.（四川卷12）Owen wouldn’t eat anything ____________ he cooked it himself
A. until     B. since   C. unless   D. while
3.（四川卷20）She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that     B. which   C. where       D. when
4.（江苏卷31）    __ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. A. Before     B. Where     C. Unless     D. Until
5.（福建卷 33）She had just finished her homework        her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.  A. when    B. while    C. after   D. since
6.（湖南卷 34）______ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it,they could not arrest him.
A. Although    B. As long as  C. If only     D. As soon as 
7.（辽宁卷）30. It just isn’t fair.             I was working as a waiter last month, my friends were lying on the beach. A whenever  B though   C for   D while
8.（山东卷28）The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________she was and wait for her mother. A. where   B. what    C. how     D. who
9.（山东卷32）------ Shall we have our picnic tomorrow?-----______it doesn’t rain.
A. Until        B. While        C. Once        D. If
10.（陕西卷13）My parents don’t mind what job I do            I am happy.   
A even though  B as soon as   C  as long as  D as though
11.（全国卷II 10）All the dishes in this menu, _____ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as    B. if    C. though   D. unless
12.（浙江卷8）The medicine works more effectively            you drink some hot water after taking it. A as  B until  C although    D if
13.（重庆卷27）Peter was so excited _______he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.A. where       B. that   C. why         D. when
08年高考题
1.（全国I卷）31. —Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?
—I don’t mind where we go ______ there’s sun, sea and beach.
A. as if B. as long as C. now that D. in order that
2.（安徽卷）31. -----Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you.
-----Ok, ______ you make it short.
A. now that B. if only C. so long as D. every time
3.（安徽卷）26. All the neighbor admire this family _________the parents are treating their child like a friend. A. why B. where C. which D. that
4.（福建卷）28. Nancy enjoyed herself so much ______ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
5.（湖南卷）33. _____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. A. If B. While C. Because D. As
6.（山东卷）22. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. though B. for C. but D. so
7.（山东卷）31. You’d better not leave the medicine ______ kids can get at it.
A. even if B. which C. where D. so that
8.（辽宁卷）28. ______ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.
A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. However
9.（辽宁卷）32. I used to love that film ______ I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more.
A. once B. when C. since D. although
10.(全国II)7. A small car is big enough for a family of three ____ you need more space for baggage. A. once B. because C. if D. unless
11.(四川卷)6. There were some chairs left over _____ everyone had sat down.
A. when B. until C. that D. where
12.（浙江卷）16. Don’t promise anything ______ you are one hundred percent sure.
A. whether B. after C. how D. unless
13.（北京卷）23. —Did you return Fred’s call?—I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow.
A. though B. unless C. when D. because
14.（北京卷）34. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian get back. A. before B. since C. till D. after
15.（天津卷）1. We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday _____ it rains or it’s very cold.
A. since B. if C. unless D. until
16.(上海卷)31. ---Are you ready for Spain？
--Yes, I want the girls to experience that ___ they are young.
A. while B. until C. if D. before
17.(上海卷)40. ___ well prepared you are , you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
A. However B. Whatever C. No matter D. Although
07年高考题
1.(07安徽,21) The field research will take Joan and Paul about 5 months; it will be a long time _____ we meet again. A. after    B. before     C. since   D. when
2. (07天津, 08) It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ______