专题四状语从句.doc

专题四 状语从句状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。根据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种。1、时间状语从句 2、地点状语从句 3、原因状语从句 4、目的状语从句 5、结果状语从句 6、条件状语从句 7、方式状语从句 8、让步状语从句 9、比较状语从句1.时间状语从句种类从属连词例句说明时间状语从句whenwheneverWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.We shall go there whenever we are free.When可表示点的时间或段的时间，从句中用瞬间动词或延续动词都可以。whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。whenI was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.I was about to go out when the telephone rang.He had gone through six carriages when he found he could go no further.when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,可以看作是并列句,这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。whileWhile it was raining, they went out.I stayed while he was away.While he was doing his homework, I was watching Tv.Strike while the iron is hot.while指“在某一段时间里”，“在期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。主从句都是进行时用while表“趁着”时用whileasHe hurried home, looking behind as he went.As time went on, our teachers words proved true.as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生, “一边一边”.表“随着”时用asbeforeBe a pupil before you become a teacher.a.主语+had(not)+一段时间+beforeb. It will(not) be+一段时间+beforeIt was(not)+一段时间+beforec. 主句+before sb. can/could do sth.d. 主句+before sb. knew it.before译为在之前肯定句“好久才”否定句“不久就”肯定句“要过多久才”否定句“不久就”某人还没来得及做某事主句的动作就发生了不知不觉地主句的时间就过去了afterHe arrived after the game started.till /untillWe waited till (until)he came back .如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到为止”时间状语从句until She didnt stop working until eleven oclock .Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.It was not until I told her that she knew anything about it.Not until I told her did she know anything about it.如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直才”“在以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until强调句倒装句since He has lived here since he came to China.It is /has been+一段时间+since主句用完成时，从句用过去时Since从句中使用瞬间动词要译成肯定意义。表示“做某事到现在已经多久了”如是延续动词，要译成否定意义，表示“多久没做某事了”hardlywhenno soonerthanas soon asthe momentthe minutethe instantimmediatelydirectlyinstantlyI had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.I left immediately the clock struck 5.hardlywhen和no soonerthan的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。p.s. on+n/v-ingOn our arrival, we were warmly welcomed by the local people.every/each time, by the time, the first time, next time等Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.Next time you come ,youll see him.在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。地点状语从句wherewhereverWhere there is a will, there is a way.Where there is water there is life.You are free to go wherever you like.Wherever you go, you must obey the law.where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。原因状语从句becauseI came back late yesterday because I was on duty.Its because you are lazy that you have lost the job. p.s.The football match was put off because it rained.The football match was put off because of the rain.because用来回答why 的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后。sinceSince everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首。asAs he didnt know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。now( that), Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.now that 和since, as意义相似，有“既然，鉴于”的意思，that可以省去，常置于句首。in thatHe didnt attend the meeting in that he was ill.in that多出现在主句之后，其中的that不可省去。目的状语从句so thatin order thatin casefor fear (that)Well tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time . Take your raincoat in case it rains.He left early in case he (should) miss the last train.I dare not go there for fear that he might see me.目的状语从句中常用情态动词may(might), can (could), should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号。p.s. in case ofKeep an umbrella in case of rain.结果状语从句so that sothatWe turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.He was so excited that he couldnt say a word.so that前有逗号为结果状语从句。sothat的so后面跟形容词或副词。suchthatHe gave such important reasons that he was excused.It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it. It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.suchthat的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /anthat还可以转换用sothat，语气较强条件状语 从 句if on condition thatunlessas/so long asin case oncesuppose/supposing(that)provided/providing(that)条件祈使句Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them. If I had enough money, I would buy the car.You may use my bike on condition that you must return it by Friday. We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain. So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed. In case he comes, let me know.In case of fire, ring the alarm bell, please.Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.Suppose/Supposing he cant come, who will do the work?Well visit Europe next year, provided/providing we have the money.Work hard, and youll succeed.unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和ifnot同义，unless是书面语，ifnot是口语，通常二者可以换用。条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise+简单句（will） 方 式 状 语 从 句as as if/as thoughDo as you like.Do as the Romans do.She looks as if she is ill.He spoke as if he had been there before.I remember it as if it were yesterday.此处as译为“按照或正如”as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。 让 步状 语 从 句让步状语从句though/although whetherorAlthough (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.Whether we go or stay, the result is the same.在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。though / although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。even if/even thoughWell make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.I wont give up even if I should fail ten times.even if 和even though的意思为“即使，尽管”有退一步想的意味，多用于书面语中。whileWhile I understand your point of view, I dont share it.while引导让步状语从句，一般位于主句之前。as Child as he is , he knows a lot .Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,) the children play outdoors.He was unable to make such progress, hard as he tried.Try as he might, he failed.as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。no matter (who, what when, where which, how)Do it no matter what others say.No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.no matter与 who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一 样，no matter引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。whever (whatever whoever wheneverwhicheverhowever)Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.Whoever comes, he will be welcome.Whatever you do should be good for the society.Please give the book to whoever wins the first prize.whever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用。判断whever引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的一点是，名词性从句，主句中一定有一个成分要用从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。不可将no matter与whever连用比较状语从句asas not so/asasthe sameassuchasMary is as old as my sister.He doesnt run so (as) fast as Jack (does).His book is the same as mine.Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用asas否定句可用not asas 或not soasthanShe has made greater progress this year than she did last year.He bought fewer books than I (did).表示不同程度之比较，主句中用比较级的形容词或副词。the more the moreThe more you read, the better you understand.The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. The sooner, the better.the morethe more 意思为越越，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个the都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面。句子意思明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略。状语从句中的省略问题一、当状语从句的主语是it，动词是系动词be时，则通常可省去主语it及系动词be，留下其余部分。如：Everything went on better than (it had been) expected.If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.二、当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，同时从句中又含有系动词be，则通常可省去从句的主语和系动词be，留下其余部分。如：1连词+形容词As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.2连词+名词While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.3连词+介词短语She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.4连词+现在分词As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.5连词+过去分词He wont go there with us unless (he is) invited.6连词+不定式He stood up as if (he were) to say something.注意：若从句主语和主句主语不一致时，从句部分要么用完全形式，要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如：When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.(= The meeting over, .)While she was reading the novel, tears came to her eyes.(=She reading the novel, .)巩固性练习：请选出符合题意的最佳选项。1. When first _ to the market, these products enjoy great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced2.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when_ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if_ whether he was going in the fight direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see4. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken5. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited6. The research is so designed that once_ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. began7. When _ , the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed8. Though_ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in09年高考题1.（北京卷22）You may use the room as you like _ you clean it up afterwards.A. so far as B. so long as C. in case D. even if2.（四川卷12）Owen wouldnt eat anything _ he cooked it himselfA. until B. since C. unless D. while3.（四川卷20）Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when4.（江苏卷31） _ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. A. BeforeB. WhereC. UnlessD. Until5.（福建卷 33）She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. whenB. whileC. afterD. since 6.（湖南卷 34）_ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it,they could not arrest him. A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as7.（辽宁卷）30. It just isnt fair. I was working as a waiter last month, my friends were lying on the beach. A wheneverB thoughC forD while8.（山东卷28）The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait for her mother. A. whereB. what C. howD. who9.（山东卷32）- Shall we have our picnic tomorrow?-_it doesnt rain.A. Until B. While C. Once D. If10.（陕西卷13）My parents dont mind what job I do I am happy.A even though B as soon as C as long as D as though11.（全国卷II 10）All the dishes in this menu, _ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. asB. ifC. thoughD. unless12.（浙江卷8）The medicine works more effectively you drink some hot water after taking it. A as B until C although D if13.（重庆卷27）Peter was so excited _he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.A. where B. that C. why D. when08年高考题1.（全国I卷）31. Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?I dont mind where we go _ theres sun, sea and beach.A. as if B. as long as C. now that D. in order that2.（安徽卷）31. -Do you have a minute? Ive got something to tell you.-Ok, _ you make it short.A. now that B. if only C. so long as D. every time3.（安徽卷）26. All the neighbor admire this family _the parents are treating their child like a friend. A. why B. where C. which D. that4.（福建卷）28. Nancy enjoyed herself so much _ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.A. that B. which C. when D. where5.（湖南卷）33. _ the Internet is of great help. I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. A. If B. While C. Because D. As6.（山东卷）22. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. though B. for C. but D. so7.（山东卷）31. Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get at it.A. even if B. which C. where D. so that8.（辽宁卷）28. _ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. However9.（辽宁卷）32. I used to love that film _ I was a child, but I dont feel it that way any more.A. once B. when C. since D. although10.(全国II)7. A small car is big enough for a family of three _ you need more space for baggage. A. once B. because C. if D. unless11.(四川卷)6. There were some chairs left over _ everyone had sat down.A. when B. until C. that D. where12.（浙江卷）16. Dont promise anything _ you are one hundred percent sure.A. whether B. after C. how D. unless13.（北京卷）23. Did you return Freds call?I didnt need to _ Ill see him tomorrow.A. though B. unless C. when D. because14.（北京卷）34. Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _ Brian get back. A. before B. since C. till D. after15.（天津卷）1. Well have a picnic in the park this Sunday _ it rains or its very cold.A. since B. if C. unless D. until16.(上海卷)31. -Are you ready for Spain？-Yes, I want the girls to experience that _ they are young.A. while B. until C. if D. before17.(上海卷)40. _ well prepared you are , you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.A. However B. Whatever C. No matter D. Although07年高考题1.(07安徽,21) The field research will take Joan and Paul about 5 months; it will be a long time _ we meet again. A. after B. before C. since D. when2. (07天津, 08) It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _