名词性从句（不含答案）.docx

名词性从句
主语从句
主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子。引导主语从句的连词主要有从属连词that,whether;连接代词who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,what,whatever,which,whichever;连接副词when,where,how,why。
❶主语从句的引导词
1.that引导主语从句时无含义,在句中不作成分,但是不能省略。
2.whether有“是否”之意,在句中不作成分,不可以省略。主语从句位于句首时不能用if,只能用whether引导,构成whether...or not结构。
3.在由连接代词who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever引导的主语从句中,其连接代词在句中起名词性作用,担当一定成分。
4.whatever,whoever在引导主语从句时不含疑问意义,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever=anything that;whoever=anyone who。
典例1　(2013·北京高考)　　　　 makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 
A.That B.What C.Who D.Which
典例2　(2013·江西高考)　　　　 one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. 
A.Whoever B.Whatever
C.Whichever D.Wherever
❷it作形式主语的主语从句
有时为了考虑句子平衡,通常在主语从句中使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。常见的有三种情况。
1.that引导主语从句,通常用形式主语代替主语从句。常见的用it作形式主语的句型:
(1)It is/was+形容词(important,vital,unfair...)+that从句;
(2)It is/was+a(n)+单数名词(pity,shame,honor,fact,surprise...)+that从句;
(3)It is/was+过去分词(said,reported,intended...)+that从句;
4)It+不及物动词(appear,happen...)+that从句。
2.对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代替主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句。
Whether Tom will attend the opening ceremony remains to be seen.=It remains to be seen whether Tom will attend the opening ceremony.汤姆是否会来参加开幕式还不得而知。
3.如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构。
Is it true that he is the girl’s father?他是那个女孩的父亲,是真的吗?
典例　　　　　 worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. 
A.This B.That C.What D.It
宾语从句
❶宾语从句的引导词
1.连词that引导由陈述句变来的宾语从句。that...and/but that...引导由并列或转折关系的陈述句变来的宾语从句。
I know (that) he is a teacher.我知道他是个老师。
I hear that your father is a singer and that your mother is a dancer.我听说你的父亲是一名歌唱家,你的母亲是一名舞蹈家。
2.连词if或whether引导由一般疑问句、反义疑问句或选择疑问句变来的宾语从句。
Could you tell me if/whether it snows in winter in Australia?你能不能告诉我澳大利亚冬季是否下雪?
3.连接代词、副词(即疑问词)引导由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句。
Please tell me how you go to school.请告诉我你怎样去学校。
❷宾语从句中连词that的省略
that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时,不可省略,但在宾语从句中that通常可以省略。但是当两个that引导的宾语从句由连词and连接时,第一个that可以省略,后面的并列宾语从句中的连词that不可省略。
I noticed (that) he spoke English fluently and that he often helped others with their English.我注意到他说英语很流利,并且经常帮助他人学英语。
❸宾语从句的语序和时态
1.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
Do you know where Tom lives?你知道汤姆住在哪里吗?
2.宾语从句的时态有以下几种情况。
(1)如果主句为一般现在时,则宾语从句时态不受限制,根据实际情况使用所需要的时态。
I hear Joan left for Beijing yesterday.我听说琼昨天去北京了。
I hear Joan has left for Beijing.我听说琼已经去北京了。
I hear Joan will leave for Beijing.我听说琼将要去北京。
(2)如果主句为一般过去时,则宾语从句的时态只能用过去的某种时态。
Kate said she was watching TV this time yesterday.凯特说她昨天的这个时候正在看电视。
Kate said she was going to school soon.凯特说她马上去上学。
Kate said she had seen the film before.凯特说她已经看过那部电影了。
(3)如果宾语从句讲述的是客观真理或普遍事实,则无论主句用何种时态,宾语从句都用一般现在时。
Miss Hu told us that the earth goes around the sun.胡老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
(4)如果宾语从句是由when引导的从句或带有时间状语的从句,则when引导的从句或时间状语从句中的时态不变。
The teacher wanted to know when the girl was born.老师想要知道这个女孩的出生日期。
Tom said he had worked here since he left school.汤姆说他自从离开学校后,就在这工作了。
(5)如果宾语从句中含有过去具体的年、月、日,则其时态保持不变。
I know Lucy was born in 1986.我知道露西出生于1986年。
❹it作形式宾语的宾语从句
1.find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等动词后面接that引导的宾语从句,从句后面有宾语补足语时,通常在谓语动词后使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语放在句末。
I think it best that you should stay here.我觉得你最好就待在这里。
◆特别提醒
若宾语从句是由wh-词引导的,则通常不用it作形式宾语,而是直接使用宾语从句。
This letter makes clear what was implied in the address.这封信说清楚了那个演讲词的含义。
2.that从句不可作介词宾语(in,but,except除外)。如果要作介词宾语,就得用it作形式宾语。常见的有此类用法的有depend on,rely on,count on,see to,look to,insist on等。
You can depend on it that he will come on time.他会按时来的,这点你放心。
Look to it that this won’t happen again.要注意这种事不要再发生了。
3.有些及物动词需要用that从句作宾语时,不直接与宾语从句连用,而是使用形式宾语,如have it that,take it that,take it for granted that,can’t help it that等。
Rumors have it that the school was burned down.有传言说学校被烧掉了。
We can’t help it that things went so badly.事情搞得如此糟糕,我们也没办法。
典例1　(2013·北京高考)Experts believe 　　　　people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. 
A.Why B.where C.that D.what
典例2　(2011·江西高考)Why don’t you bring 　　　　to his attention that you’re too ill to work on? 
A.that B.it C.his D.him
❺宾语从句的连接词that不能省略的几种情况
1.宾语从句前有插入语。
We hope,on the contrary,that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们待在家里。
2.有间接宾语时。
He told me that he was leaving for Japan.他告诉我他要动身去日本了。
3.that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。
He said (that) the book was very interesting and that all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣,所有小孩都喜欢读。
4.在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。
I think it necessary that he should stay here.我们认为他有必要留在这里。
5.that从句单独回答问题时。
—What did he hear?他听说了什么事?
—That Kate had passed the exam.(他听说)凯特考试及格了。
6.在except等介词后。
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。
7.位于句首时。
That our team will win,I believe.我相信我们队会赢。
表语从句和同位语从句
❶表语从句
1.表语从句的引导词
(1)一般来说,可用于引导主语从句的引导词也可用于引导表语从句。that引导表语从句时通常不省略,但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略。
The only pity is that I missed the beginning of the movie.唯一的遗憾就是我错过了这部影片的开头。
(2)从属连词as if,as though,because,why等也能引导表语从句。
It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日!
◆特别提醒
because引导的表语从句,主语不能是reason或cause。since和as不能引导表语从句。
2.That’s why...与That’s because...。
“That’s why+表语从句”陈述结果,意为“这就是……的原因”;“That is because+表语从句”陈述原因,意为“这是因为……”。
He caught a bad cold yesterday.That’s (the reason) why he is absent from school today.他昨天得了重感冒,所以今天没来上学。(第一句说明原因,第二句说明结果)
He is absent from school today.That’s because he caught a bad cold yesterday.他今天没来上学,这是因为他昨天得了重感冒。(第一句说明结果,第二句说明原因)
典例1　(2015·安徽高考)A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not 　　　　ships are built for. 
A.what B.whom C.why D.when
典例2　(2014·北京高考)The best moment for the football star was 　　　　he scored the winning goal. 
A.where B.when C.how D.why
❷同位语从句
1.同位语从句的引导词。
当名词后面所接的从句表示与名词同位并为名词的实际内容时,这个从句就是同位语从句。同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略。
(1)名词answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, no doubt, opinion, order, possibility, promise, proof, proposal, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等接that引导的同位语从句,说明前面名词的具体内容。
I’m bothered by the thought that I might not have a job next year.一想到我明年可能没工作,我就烦。
They forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometers from coast to coast.他们忘了一个事实,那就是,加拿大从东海岸到西海岸长5500公里。
(2)名词doubt,problem,question接whether(不能用if)引导的同位语从句表示疑问,此时还可以根据句意用when,how,where,who等引导这个从句。
(3)表示“命令,建议,要求”等含义的名词,如advice,demand,decision,desire,idea,insistence,instruction,order,plan,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,wish等,其同位语从句须用虚拟语气。
典例1　The fact has worried many scientists 　　　　the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. 
A.what B.which C.that D.though
典例2　—It’s thirty years since we last met.
—But I still remember the story,believe it or not,　　　　 we got lost on a rainy night. 
A.which B.that C.what D.when
2.同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
连词that引导同位语从句时,应放在某些抽象名词之后,如fact,hope,desire,thought等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,连词that只起引导同位语从句的作用,在从句中不担当任何成分,因此that引导的同位语从句是完整的,不缺任何成分。
关系代词that引导定语从句时,that一方面起引导定语从句的作用,另一方面,that在定语从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。因此,that引导的定语从句是残缺的。
The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.我们的足球队赢得了比赛的消息令人振奋。(同位语从句,不缺任何成分)
The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.我们从收音机上听到的消息是不实的。(定语从句,缺少宾语)
一、单句填空
1.After six hours’ drive,they finally reached 　　　　they thought was the place they had been dreaming of. 
2.This still leaves the question of 　　　　local public services should be improved in the next five years. 
3.It suddenly hit him 　　　　he had left his umbrella in the taxi on his way home. 
4.The award should be given to 　　　　makes great contributions to the film industry. 
5.Jacob is always ready to offer a helping hand and that’s 　　　　he has a good reputation. 
6.Some college students are doing 　　　　work they can find to support themselves. 
7.Whenever a natural disaster happens,we should offer 　　　　help we could to those victims. 
8.The 4G cellphone must be of great use and convenience to 　　　　wants to get the information from the Internet quickly. 
9.It doesn’t matter how many times you fail;　　　　 matters is how many times you stand up and try again. 
10.It remains to be seen　　　　the newly-employed secretary is fit for the job. 
11.We are strongly against the company’s decision 　　　　it will fire half of its staff in the following year. 
12.　　　　 shocks the audience in the film Back to 1942 is the great suffering the famine(饥荒) brought to Henan people. 
13.You can complain,but I doubt 　　　　it will make any difference. 
14.As many as ten courses are provided,and we’re free to choose　　　　suits us best. 
15.After a long journey,those young men reached 　　　　they called the paradise. 
二、语法填空
Today I spent time talking to an old friend about some of the 1.　　　　(choose) that we have made in our lives.We both agree that life has 2.　　　　(basic) been good to us.And we are very appreciative of what we have been blessed with. 
Today I would like you to think 3.　　　　 your journey and where you see yourself in the next five years.Do you see that you have become exactly who you set out to be?If you are like me,you are working daily on those goals.I work on my goals because I am 4.　　　　(excite) about that opportunity. 
5.　　　　,I do realize that sometimes life can get in the way of our goals.I remember when my friend 6.　　　　(decide) to buy her first home,she was ready and had everything 7. 　　　　(line) up.But during this time her father died and she had to move home 8.　　　　(help) take care of her mother.Her goal was delayed,but she didn’t give it up completely.And that’s exactly 9.　　　　 key to this all.In order to achieve your goals you have to keep 10.　　　　(work) on them.