英语书面表达高中.doc

英语书面表达
一、 常用的句型、结构
1、 it句型
(1)it作形式主语
It be +adj.for sb to do sth.
With the development of technology, English is very used all over the world,it is very important for us to learn English well.
It be +adj.of sb to do sth. It is kind of you to help me a lot.
It is the first time that 现在完成时
It was the first time that 过去完成时
(2)it的强调句型
It is ……that (who)…
It is the right man that\who lives next to us sells vegetables.
(3) it作形式宾语
I don’t think it worthwhile taking such trouble.
I find it not easy to learn a foreign language well.
(4) it 的其他句型
It’s one’s duty to do sth.
It takes\took sb some time\money to do sth.
2. if 引导的条件状语从句和虚拟语气的运用
真实条件句：注意“主将从现”
虚拟语气的灵活运用
3.固定句型、短语结构
too…to… so…that… such a…that… not only…but also… neither…nor… such as… not …until… so that… either…or…
be \get used to doing sth. be accustomed to doing sth. used to do sth.
try\do one’s best to do sth. pay attention to (doing) concentrate on
make a decision as soon as possible as much as possible as adj.\adv. as as...as not so(as)...as as an old saying goes... as far as I am concerned look forward to doing sth.等结构。
4. 多种时态，动名词、不定式，并列结构。
5. 使用连接词，过渡自然，连贯通顺
(1) 表文章结构顺序：First of all\At first\Firstly Secondly Thirdly ... And then Finally\In the end\At last
(2) 表并列补充关系的：What is more，besides，expect, moreover，furthermore，
in addition(另外，此外）
(3) 表转折对比关系的：However，On the contrary，but
Although+clause( 从句)，In spite of+n/doing
On the one hand…On the other hand…
Some…，while others… one....the other
(4) 表因果关系的：because because of + n. as so，thus，therefore，as a result
(5) 表换一种方式表达：in other words,in another word
(6) 表进行举例说明：For example，句子; For instance，句子; such as+n./doing
(7) 表陈述事实：in fact\as a matter of fact\in reality
(8) 表达自己观点：as far as I know \as far as I am concerned in my opinion
(9) 表总结：in short，in a word，in conclusion\make a conclusion，in summary
6.文中正确使用两三个好的句型，如：宾语从句、状语从句、动名词做主语、定语从句、名词性从句、倒装句、非谓语动词等。
宾语从句举例：I believe Tianjin will be more beautiful and prosperous.
状语从句举例：If everyone does something for the environment, our hometown will become clean and beautiful.
动名词做主语举例：Reading books in the sun is bad for our eyes.
常用状语从句句型：
(1)时间 when，not…until，as soon as
(2)目的 so that+clause; to do(为了),in order to
(3)结果 so…that+clause，too…to do(太……以至于……)
(4)条件 if，unless(除非)，as long as(只要)
(5)让步though，although，even though，even if
no matter what/when/where/who/which/how
(6) 比较as…as…，not so…as…，than
二、以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，可根据自己的情况选择其中的1－2个。
１、表示原因 1）There are three reasons for this． 2）The reasons for this are as follows． 3）The reason for this is obvious． 4）The reason for this is not far to seek． 5）The reason for this is that．．． 6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life． 注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life． There are three reasons for this．这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。
２、表示好处 1）It has the following advantages． 2）It does us a lot of good． 3）It benefits us quite a lot． 4）It is beneficial to us． 5）It is of great benefit to us．
例如： Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us．
3、表示坏处 1）It has more disadvantages than advantages． 2）It does us much harm． 3）It is harmful to us．
例如： However，everything divides into two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television．
4、表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sb．to do sth． 2）We think it necessary to do sth． 3）It plays an important role in our life．
例如： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon， computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．
5、表示措施 1）We should take some effective measures． 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties． 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth． 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．
例如： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．
6、表示变化 1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years． 2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications． 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education． 例如： Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．
7、表示事实、现状 1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．． 2）No one can deny the fact that．．． 3）There is no denying the fact that．．． 4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in． 5）However，that’s not the case．
例如： We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution．The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment．
8、表示比较 1）Compared with A，B．．． 2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV． 3）There is a striking contrast between them．
例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum．Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise．
9、表示数量 1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．． 2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000． 3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January．
例如： With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased．
再如： From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000．
10、表示看法 1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth． 2）People have different opinions on this problem． 3）People take different views of（on）the question． 4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．．
例如： People have different attitudes towards failure．Some believe that failure leads to success． Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor．However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers．
再如： Do “lucky numbers really bring good luck？Different people have different views on it． 注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。
11、表示结论 1）In short，it can be said that ．．． 2）It may be briefly summed up as follows． 3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．
例如： From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved． 注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。
12、套语 1）It’s well known to us that ．．． 2）As is known to us，．．． 3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about． 4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ．．． 5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way．
例如： As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus． The reason for this is obvious．Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an ‘ivory tower’. As college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus．Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate．
三、书面表达模板
图表作文
　　As is shown by the figure/percentage in the table/picture，____ has been on rise/ decrease， significantly/dramatically rising/decreasing from ____ in _____ to _____ in _____. From the sharp rise/decline in the chart， it goes without saying that _____.
　　There are at least two good reasons accounting for _____. In one hand， ____.On the other hand， _____ is due to the fact that ______.In addition， ______ is responsible for _____. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ______.But itis generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
　　As far as I am concerned， I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
书信作文
Dear …，
　　I am extremely pleased to hear from you. And I would like to write a letter to tell you that_____.
　　……
　　I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.
　　Best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
XX
话题作文
　　Nowadays,there are more and more _____ in _____. Why have there been so many ____?There are several reasons as follow.
　　The first one is ______. Besides，_____. The third one is _____. To sum up， the main cause of it is due to _____. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing，_____. For another thing， _____. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of _____.
对比观点作文
　　_____ is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say ____ is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ____. What is more,_____.Moreover,______. While others think that _____ is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,_____. Secondly（besides）,______. Thirdly (finally)_____.
　　From my point of view,I think _____. The reason is that _____. As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. As for me...
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