代词的用法和练习(教师用).doc

代词的用法和练习

一．复习人称、物主和反身代词的形式。

中文

主格

宾格

形容词性物主代词

名词性物主代词

反身代词

我

I
me
my
mine
myself
我们

we
us
our
ours
ourselves
你

you
you
your
yours
yourself
你们

you
you
your
yours
yourselves
他

he
him
his
his
himself
她
she
her
her
hers
herself
它
it
it
its
its
itself
他们
they
them
their
theirs
themselves

1.主格做主语，宾格做宾语。
I like you, but you don’t like me.
2. 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词+ 名词
Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box.
3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语,后面不能接名词了。
(1) Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）
(2)--- Is this English-book yours? （作表语）
--- No. Mine is in my bag.（作主语）
(3) I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语）

练习：用适当的形式填空：
1.This is _my__teacher. I __love him. (me)
2.Is this book__yours__? (you)
3._Our__teacher is over there. (we)
4. The desk is ___theirs___.(they)
5.Li lei is a friend of ___mine__.(my)
6._Her__mother is at home. (she)
7.The cell phone is __hers__.(she)
8.She loves _him__very much. (he)
9. Give the book to ____them__.(they)
10.I ask _her__to come here. (she )

二．区别一些代词：

I. some 和 any:
(1). some (一些，某个) 句中可作主语、宾语、定语等，常用于肯定句。作定语时，它可修饰可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词是单数时，some 表示 “某个” 的意思。例如：
There are some newspapers on the table.
I am going to buy some orange juice.
I have read that in some magazine.
(2).当说活者表示提议、请求或期望得到肯定回答时，在疑问句中也可用 some。例如：
Would you like some tea?
Could you lend me some money?
(3). any “一些” 用法相同于 some, 但多用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句。例如：
Is there any ink in your pen?
Put up your hands if you have any questions.
(4). any 用于肯定句中有 “任何一个” 解。常用于比较级句子中。   
Tom runs faster than any other boy in his class.

II . it／one ／that三者均可用作代词, 指代前面提到的名词。
(1) it用来指代同名同物，只有一个事物 .
(2) one 用来指代同名异物，表泛指，相当于a/ an + n. 复数是ones.
(3) that 用来指代同名异物，表特指， 相当于 the + n. 复数是those.

练习：
1. I have a pen and I want to lend _it___ to you.
2. I have lost my pen and I think I must buy__one__.
3. A bag made of plastics is smaller than _one___made of cloth.
4. Bags made of plastics are smaller than_ones___made of cloth.
5. The clothes you bought are more beautiful than___those_I bought.
6. The milk in the bottle is hotter than__that_in the glass.
7. The oranges in Longmen are cheaper than__those__in Huizhou.

III . few, little; a few, a little
few和little表示几乎没有，含否定意义；而a few 和a little表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few、a few 修饰可数名词；little、a little修饰不可数名词。

练习：
1. I have _little___money. Can you lend some to me?
2. There is _a little___milk in the bottle. We don’t need to buy it.
3. __Few__people like her, because she is very lazy.
4. There are ___a few_____ minutes left. Take it easy

IV .其他代词的用法与区别

不定代词
含义
数量关系
作定语时名词的数
作主语时动词的数
both
两者都
=2
复数
复数
either
两者中的任何一个
=2
单数
单数
neither
两者都不
=2
单数
单数
all
三者或三者以上都
≥3
单数或复数
单数或复数
none
三者或三者以上都不
≥3

单数或复数
each
每一个
≥2
单数
单数
every
每一个
≥3
单数
单数

(1)every和each的用法总结
each（每个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，在句中只能作定语。
1. each可以单独使用,做主语；each +名词的单数; each of +名词的复数或人称代词的复数。
2. every + 名词的单数

练习：
用each或every填空。
1._Each__of the students likes English.
2.__Each__has his good idea.
3._Each/Every___teacher works hard.

（2）either和neither (两者范围）
either．．．or．．．
“或者…或者….
要么….要么….
不是…就是….”
neither．．．．nor．．．
“既不．．也不…”

翻译：
1.要么你要么他经常帮助那位老人。Either you or he often helps the old man.

2.他不是老师我也不是老师。Neither he nor I am a teacher._____

(3) both、all和 none的用法
1. both 指人或指物，“两者都”
我父母都是老师。_Both my parents/Both of my parents are teachers.

2. all “全部的”、“整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。
他把全部的钱给了我。_He gave me all the money.______

3. none 一个都没有 （指三个或三个以上的人或物中一个都没有）
none of ……
没有一个学生喜欢英语。_None of_the_students like English ._

(4) other , others, the other, the others, another的区别和用法
(1) other用作形容词，意思是“别的，其他的”，后面接可数名词的复数或不可数名词。
其它的学生__other students_______ 其它的信息_other information_

(2) others代词, “ 其它的人或物”，在句中可作主语、宾语,后面不能接名词。
some…others……(一些…另一些…)
一些学生喜欢英语，但另一些学生喜欢语文。Some students like English, but others like Chinese.

(3) the other指两个人或物中的另一个时，只能用the other
one……the other….(一个….另一个….)
我有两只笔，一支红色，另一支设黑色。I have two pens. One is red and the other is black.

(4) the others意思是“其他的东西，其余的人”。特指某一范围内其余的人或物，相当于 the other + 名词复数
三个学生是美国人，其他的学生是中国人。Three students are Americans and the others are Chinese.

(5)another，既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词
我不喜欢这个杯子，请给我另一个。I don’t like this glass. Please give me another.

※ 注意下列固定用法：each other, one another(相互), one after another(一个接一个), “any other ＋单数名词”(其他的任何一个)。

练习：
(1) Will you show me another ? I don’t like it’s colour.
(2) She has two computers. One is IBM PC 386 and the other is IBM PC 586.
(3) Tom runs faster than any__other____ student in his class.
(4) The students have English, Chinese, maths, biology and many other __subjects.
(5) Why are only three of you here in the classroom? Where are _the others__?
(6) My classmates come from different parts of the country. Some come from Shanghai, some from Tianjin and others from Beijing.

语法it详解

学习目标: 理解并掌握it的用法
• 1、 it做代词
• 2、 it做形式主语
• 3、 it做形式宾语
• 4、 it的强调句型
• 5、 it的几个经典句型
• 6、 it的一些固定用法
学习难点：
• 1、 it做代词代替整个句子和表示不确定指代
• 2、it的强调句型
• 3、 it的几个经典句型
•
I. it作代词
it是常见代词之一，它既可以指代时间、地点、天气、距离等，还能作形式主语或形式宾语，同时可以引起强调结构，是历年高考热点之一。
一、用来表示时间、天气、地点、距离、环境、形势等。例如：
• 这里到海滨有两英里。
It is two miles to the beach. (Oxford)
• 今天早晨下着雨。
It was raining in the morning. (Oxford)
• 如果方便，我明天能见你。
If it’s convenient I can see you tomorrow. (Oxford)

it表示时间常用于句型：
1、It is/has been＋一段时间＋since 从句。意为“自……以来已有多长时间了”或“自不……以来已有多长时间了”。例如：
• 自从我上次到伦敦，已经有许多年了。
• It is/has been many years since I was last in London
• 自从我们上次见面以来已经有很长一段时间了。
• It’s a long time since we met last.
2、It is/ was/ will be + 一段时间 + before 从句。表示“在（做某事）前过了多长时间”，或“过了多长时间才……”。如：
• But it ___will be_____more than 100 years before the country begins once again to look as it did before.
• 但是在100年之后，这个国家才能恢复到以前的样子。
二、 用来指代人。说明某人的身份或者做某事的人；指代婴儿或儿童；在不清楚某人性别时，也可使用 it，尤其在问答的形式中更为常见。例如：
---Look, someone is coming. Who can it be?
---It may be the headmaster.
---It can’t be him. He has gone to Shanghai.
---It must be Mr. Zhang. He looks like the headmaster.
例如：
1. The doctor advised Vesa strongly that she should take a holiday, but __ didn’t help.
A, it B, she C, which D, he
代替整个句子
2. -Do you like __ here?
-Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is nice.
A、this B、these C、that D、It
表示不确定指代
3. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see__.
A、who is he B、who he is C、who is it D、who it is
在性别不明时指人

II. it做形式主语
用 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句型主要有:
1、It + be + adj./ n. (for sb./of sb ) + to do sth.
2、It + be + a waste of time/ no good/ no use doing sth.
3、It ＋be＋过去分词＋that从句
4、It ＋be＋形容词＋ that从句
5、It ＋be＋名词（词组）＋that从
eg.It was foolish of him to __ his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.
A、stick to B、refer to C、keep to D、point to
It’s very important for one to learn a foreign language.

1. It + be + adj. of/for sb to do sth
此句型重点是考查何时用of何时用for。如果句型中的形容词是用来描述sb的特征,如:kind/rude/cruel/polite/right/wrong/foolish/silly/stupid/wise等），则用of，此时句式可以换成sb + be + adj. + to do sth；若句型中形容词是用来描述不定式性质的(important/necessary/hard/difficult/easy/natural/common等），则用for。

2. It + be + no good/ no use doing sth.
此句型表示：做……是无用的/不好的
e.g. It’s no use buying books without reading them.(buy)
It’s no good trying to open the box.(try)
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
[谚] 牛奶已泼，哭也无用。

It + be + adj./n./done + that…
(2004,北京) The Foreign Minister said, “__ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.
A、This is B、There is C、That is D、It is
(2005,上海)__ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
A、What is required B、What requires
C、It is required D、It requires
在此结构中，若done为required，suggested，demanded，recommended等时，从句必须用should + 动词原形，should可以省略。
3.. It ＋be＋过去分词＋that从句
• It is said, reported, announced, hoped, thought，told，believed，expected，decided，suggested, known + that 从句
• 该句型通常可以转换成sb/sth is said that … 如：
• It is said that the book was translated into many languages in 1950.
• The book is said to have been translated into many languages in 1950.
•
4. It ＋be＋形容词＋ that从句
• 可用于此句型的形容词还有wonderful， true，good，right，wrong，important ，useless，surprising，clear，unusual，lucky，certain等。 如：
• 1）It is quite certain that he will not make a speech at the meeting.
• 2）It is important that we (should) study hard.
•
5. It ＋be＋名词（词组）＋that从句
• 适用该句型的名词（词组）还有a pity，an honor，a good thing，a fact，a surprise，good news等。 如：
• 1）It is a pity (that) you missed the sports meeting last week.
• 2）___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
• A. There B. This C. That D. It
•
6. It ＋seem／ appear／ happen的适当形式＋that从句。
该句型常可以转换成含不定式的简单句。如：
• It seems that there is a big waste pipe coming down from the town.
• →There seems to be a big waste pipe coming down from the town.
•
III. it做形式宾语
1. sb think/find/consider/make it + adj./n. + to do/doing /that….
(2005,全国Ⅰ,Ⅱ) The chairman thought __necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
A、that B、it C、this D、him
I make it a rule to go shopping on Sunday mornings.
They want to make it clear that they do an important and necessary job.

2. sb like/love/enjoy/hate/appreciate it +when/if…
在这一结构中，应注意like/love/enjoy/hate/appreciate后不直接跟宾语从句，常用it代替后面句子所表示的意义。
(2004,全国Ⅰ) I like __ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A、this B、that C、it D、one
(2003,上海) I would appreciate it __ you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment.
A、until B、if C、when D、that

3. sb depend(rely) on it/see to it/take it for granted that…等结构
• 相信他会准时到的。
You may relay on it that he will come here on time.
• 我要负责把一切都准备好。
I’ll see to it that all is ready.
• 不要想当然地认为他是错的。
Don’t take it for granted that he is wrong.

IV. it的强调句型
1. It be + 被强调部分+that/who…
该句型为强调句型。被强调部分是除谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。只有强调部分为人时，才可以用who。在解题时如何判断是否为it强调句型呢？只需去掉It be… that/who…这个强调结构，若句子结构仍是完整的，就是强调句型。
(2004,福建) It was with great joy __ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.
A、because B、which C、since D、that
(2005,天津) It is what you do rather than what you say __ matters.
A、that B、what C、which D、this

2. It be + not until + 被强调部分+ that …
这是not until的强调形式。需要注意的是：在此句型中主句不再用部分倒装。
(2005,全国Ⅰ,Ⅱ) It wasn’t until nearly a month later __ I received the manager’s reply.
A、since B、when C、as D、that
(2004,湖北) It was __ back home after the experiment.
A、not until midnight B、until midnight that he didn’t go
C、not until midnight that he went D、until midnight when he didn’t go

3. 强调句型的特殊疑问形式
其基本形式为：特殊疑问词＋was/is it that＋其它成分。需要注意的是在宾语从句中需用陈述语序。
(2004,上海)Why! I have nothing to confess. __ you want me to say?
　 A, What is it that B, What it is that
　 C, How is it that D, How it is that
(2005,山东) -__ that he managed to get the information?
-Oh, a friend of his helped him.
A, Where was it B, What was it
C, How was it D, Why was it

V. it的几个经典句型
1. It’s (high)time that…该是……的时候了，that可以省去。使用该句型时，that从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时。
• It’s time that the kids went to bed.
• It’s high time I went to pick up my son.
•
2. It’s up to sb to do sth由某人决定做某事。在此句型中，口语中常用It’s (all) up to you或up to you表示“由你决定”。
(2005,安徽) -Shall we go to the art exhibition right away?
• -__.
• A, It’s your opinion B, I don’t mind
C, It’s all up to you D, That’s your decision
翻译：由你来决定我们去哪里。
• It’s up to you to choose where we should go.
•
3. It + be the first/second time that…
是某人第几次做……当主句be用is时，从句谓语动词用现在完成时；当主句be用was时，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。it也可以用this或that。
e.g这是他第二次来这座城市。
It (This) is the second time that he has come to visit the city.
那是我第一次参观长城。
It (That) was the first time that I had visited the Great Wall.

I选择题：

1. It took us over an hour ______ along the street.　
     A. walk　 B. to walk C. walking      D. walked
2. Many people now make _______ a rule to buy cards for their friends before Christmas.　
     A. themselves　   B. it　　　 C. that　       D. this
3. It’s the second time you ______ late this week.　   
A. arrive　 B. arrived   C. have arrived 　D. had arrived
4. It will not be _________ we meet again.　     
A. long before　 B. before long    C. soon after D. shortly after
5. ________ you met the Englishman?　     
A. Where it was that      B. Who it was that　    
  C. Where was it that　   D. Where was that
6. ______ in 1914 ________ the First World War broke out?　   
  A. Was that；that　    B. Was that；when　   
  C. Was it；that        D. Was it；when
7. It is important that she _______ with Mr. Williams immediately.　     
A. speak　   B. spoke C. will speak    D. to speak
8. _________ that there’s another good harvest this year.
　 A. It says　    B. It is said　C. It was said　    D. He was said

II.用it翻译下列句子
1.使用短波收音机很有必要 
It is necessary to use a short-wave radio.。
2. 他感到帮助别人是他的职责
He feels it his duty to help others.
3. 我认为告诉他们没用。
I think it no use telling them.
4昨天在大门口告诉她这个消息的是我。
It was I that told her the news at the gate yesterday.
5. 直到1920年才开始正规的收音机广播。
It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began.
6. 那小男孩发现学英语很有趣。
The little boy found it very interesting to study English.

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