初中英语教材里后接动名词和不定式作宾语的动词.doc

英语教材里后接动名词和不定式作宾语的动词一、有些动词只能接不定式做宾语。例如：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，learn，plan，manage，agree，fail，offer，happen，seem等等。例如： He refused to speak on the radio.二、有些动词或短语只接动名词做宾语：mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，consider，miss，keep(on)，avoid避开，躲开，stand(忍受)，allow ，practicegive up，put off，look forward to期待，期望，feel like想要做某事，preventfrom，阻止cant help禁不住，不由自主 迫不及待，be/get used to ，be worth doing，be busy doing 例如：His wife doesnt allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking.Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.She doesnt feel like eating anything，being ill for a few days.三、有些动词后面既可接不定式，又可接动名词，其意义基本相同，区别不大。如；like，love，hate，prefer begin，start.注意：begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。例如：When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.四、有些词后面既可以接不定式亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意：Aremember，forget，接动名词，表示完成意义(=having done)，接不定式，表示将来意义：例如：Remember to bring me the book I want next time. I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.Bmean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要；mean doing：意味着，就是例如：I am sorry, I didnt mean to hurt your feelings， Learning a foreign language doesnt mean just working in class.Cstop：stop to do停下来，要干另一件事，不定式作目的状语；stop doing停止干，动名词作宾语。例如：After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest.After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.Dtry：try to do，努力，试图干事；try doing：试着干事。 例如：He searched everywhere and tried to find his key. He came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job.Ewant，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，表示需要、该；接不定式，表示想，要干。 例如：The room wants cleaning.The matter needs thinking over.(=to be thought over)Fgo on：go on to do继续干和原来不同的另一件事，不定式作目的状语。go on doing继续干原来同一件事，动名词作宾语。例如： After a smoke，he went on telling us that interesting story. After writing his English composition he went on to work out his maths problems.G动词advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词，接复合宾语时用动词不定式。例如：Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit ones health.The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health. She doesnt allow (permit) smoking in her room.=She doesnt allow (permit)anyone to smoke in her room.大家都知道在动词不定式to do中，“to”是不定式的标志，有了这个to，后面所跟的动词该用原形。但是to也有可以省略的时候，这个时候虽然没有了to，后面所跟的动词依然用原形。今天的每日一课就给大家总结一些省略to的动词不定式。1、 情态动词 （ 除ought 外） 后的to已省略。例：You must go to the hospital first. 你必须先去医院。 I can swim well. 我能游得很好。2、 使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等词后的to省略。例：He made the baby crying all night long. 他让那个婴儿哭了一整夜。 Let it be. 就这样吧。 when I passed by, I saw the girl picking the flowers. 我经过的时候，看见那个女孩在摘花。注意：在这些词的用法中，用于被动语态时不能省去to。例：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。 =He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night.3、 would rather/had better 后的to省略。例：I would rather go to Japan than the USA.我宁愿去日本也不想去美国。 You had better take a hat with you.你最好带上一顶帽子。4、 why/why not句型中not后to省略。例：why not come to my home for a dinner tonight? 今晚何不来我家吃顿饭。5、 help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth：6、 but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。7、 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：例：He forgot to go to her home and give her the important letter. 他忘了去她家并把一封重要的信件给她。 第一类remember, forget, regret：remember(记得)，forget(忘记)，regret(后悔)后接不定式表示动作尚未发生，后接动名词(可用一般式或完成式)表示动作已经发生。比较：Remember to post the letters. 记得把这些信寄掉。I remember posting the letters. 我记得这些信是寄掉了的。I forgot to tell him the news. 我忘告诉他这消息了。I forgot telling her the news. 我忘了曾告诉过她这个消息。She never regretted doing this. 她从没后悔这样做过。I regret to tell you that he cant come. 很抱歉他不能来。第二类go on：其后接不定式表示接着做另一事，接动名词表示接着做同样的事或不停地做着同样的事。如：Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完这个练习后, 请接着做其它的练习。You oughtnt to go on living this way. 你不应该再这样生活下去了。She nodded, smiled, and went on stitching. 她点了点头，笑了笑，又继续缝衣服。注：go on后接的doing也可视为现在分词而非动名词。第3类cant help：其后接动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事，接不定式表示不能帮忙去做某事。如：He couldnt help crying when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。I cant help to clean the place up. 我不能帮助打扫这地方。1. 用不定式和动名词做宾语,含义基本相同的动词有:begin,start,continue,cannot bear,hate,like,love,prefer,propose,regret.例如:to begin writing(to write) to start reading(to read)to prefer watching(to watch) television to love playing(to play) football对上述动词的应用注意以下三点:(1) 在like,hate,prefer等表示情感的动词后面,如果表示一般倾向,多用动名词做宾语,如果指具体某次行动,用不定式更多。例如：I hate speaking before a big audience. I like reading books. Id like to read that book.(2) 当谓语动词用进行时时,用不定式作宾语.例如:I am starting to work on my essay next week.(3) 在attempt,intend,plan等动词后面用不定式较普遍.例如:to attempt to do it by youself to intend to pay the bill this monthto plan to take a holiday abroad2. 用不定式作宾语与用名词做宾语,含义有差别的动词(1) 动词remember,forget,regret的后面,若用不定式作宾语,不定式所表示的动作发生在上述谓语动词之后,若用动名词做宾语,动名词所表示的动作发生在上述谓语动词之前.例如:remember +不定式 表示 记住要去做某一件事remmember +动名词或不定式的完成形式 表示 记住过去做过的一件事.You must remember to write us when you get there. 到那时记住给我们写信.Do you remember writing her last month? 你还记得上个月给她写信的事吗?forger +不定式 表示 忘记要做某件事forger +动名词 表示 忘记过去做过的一件事Dont forger to meet him when you get there. 别忘了到了那里去会见他.I shall never forget meeting him during his inspection of our factory.我将不会忘记,在他视察我们厂时,我见到了他.regret +不定式 表示 对尚未做,或正在做的事情的遗憾regret +动名词 表示 对过去做过的事情的遗憾We regret to tell you that you cant stay here any longer. 我们遗憾的通知你, 你不能再在这儿多呆了.They regretted ordering these books from abroad. 向国外订购了这些书,他们很后悔.(2) 在动词try,cannot help,mean,stop,go on后,用不定式作宾语(有时是状语),还是用动名词做宾语,其含义有明显的差别.例如:try +不定式 表示 设法去做某事try +定名词 表示 试一试某种方法connot help +不定式 表示 不能帮助做某事cannot help + V-ing 表示 禁不住mean +不定式 表示 打算,想要mean +动名词 表示 意味着,意思是stop +不定式 表示 停止原来做的事,开始做另一件事stop +动名词 表示 停止做某事go on +不定式 表示 放下原来做的,改做另一件事go on + V-ing 表示 继续做一直在做的事”