高三定语从句复习.ppt

TheAttributiveClause定语从句定语从句功能：在复合句中修饰_结构：_关系词:替代先行词；_在定语从句中充当句子成分,分为_和_某一个名词或代词某一个名词或代词先行词先行词+关系代词关系代词/关系副词关系副词+从句剩余成分从句剩余成分有有关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词ThisisanEnglishsongthatwealllike.关系词关系词先行词先行词定定语语从句关系从句关系词词用法用法归纳归纳如下：如下：关系关系词词（替代的先行（替代的先行词词）主主语语宾语宾语定定语语状状语语关关系系代代词词that(人，物人，物)which（物，句子）（物，句子）who（人）（人）whom（人）（人）whose（人，物）（人，物）as（人，物，句子）（人，物，句子）关关系系副副词词when（时间时间）where（地点）（地点）why（原因）（原因）判断定语从句？判断定语从句？1.一般位于先行词（一般位于先行词（名词名词、代词代词或或句子句子）之后之后2.从句中是否缺乏成分从句中是否缺乏成分判断关系词？判断关系词？1.分析从句中缺少什么成分分析从句中缺少什么成分2.缺少主语，宾语，定语用关系代词，缺缺少主语，宾语，定语用关系代词，缺少状语用关系副词少状语用关系副词找谓语找谓语一个句子中如果有一个句子中如果有2个谓语动词，那其中个谓语动词，那其中一个有可能是从句；一个有可能是从句；语法填空中定语从句语法填空中定语从句解题步骤：解题步骤：Atthatmomentanattractiveyounglady_noticedmybookcameuptomeandintroducedherself.Thiswasthepresent_wasboundtopleasehim.whowhich1.Do you have anything _you want to say for yourself?2.This is the very book _Im looking for.3.This is the best _has been used against pollution.4.What is the first American film _you have seen?5.I know the things and persons_he referred to.6.Which is the bike_you lost?1.当先行词是不定代词all much.little.something.everything.anything.nothing.none.the one时2.当先行词前面有only.any.few.little.no.all.very等词修饰时 3.当先行词是形容词最高级形容词最高级或它的前面有形前面有形容词最高级修饰容词最高级修饰时4.当先行词是序数词序数词或它前面有序数词修饰前面有序数词修饰时5.当先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物时6.避免重复只用只用that不用不用which指物指物7.Her bag,in _ she put all her money,has been stolen.8.She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.记住记住用用which而不用而不用that指物指物的情况：的情况：1.介词后。介词后。2.用于非限制定语从句中用于非限制定语从句中1.Those_haventbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.2.Thereweretwohundredstudents_tookpartinthematch.3.John,_isonlyfive,hasaninborntalentformusic.用用who而不用而不用that指人指人的情况：的情况：1.先行词是先行词是all,any,few,one(s),anyone,everyone,those,people,he等时，多数情况用等时，多数情况用who，whom；2.Therebe结构中结构中3.用于非限制定语从句中用于非限制定语从句中whowhowhothat/inwhich1.Idontliketheway_youspeaktoyourfather.2.Themanto_IspokeisfromCanada.3.Isthatthenewspaperfor_youoftenwritearticles?4.Icanremembermanycases_youbehavewell.5.Thecountryisinthesituation_awarwillbreakoutatanytime.以以theway为先行词，且从句缺为先行词，且从句缺状语状语，通常，通常由由that/inwhich引导，而且通常可以省略。引导，而且通常可以省略。whomwhich在在“介词关系代词介词关系代词”句式中句式中当先行词为人时，此时关系代词只能用当先行词为人时，此时关系代词只能用_，当先行词为物时，关系代词只能用当先行词为物时，关系代词只能用_。wherewhere当先行词为当先行词为case,situation,point,conditiond等词等词时，且在定语从句中作状语，关系代词选时，且在定语从句中作状语，关系代词选择择_,意思是意思是“到了某种地步，在某种到了某种地步，在某种境况中境况中”。wherewhomwhich6.Iknowthedoctor_daughterstudiesabroad.7.Thebook,_coverisbroken,isnotmine.8.Thebook,thecoverof_isbrokenisnotmine.9.Weheardthenews_ourteamwonthegame.10.Thefactwas_hecheatedintheexam.(ofwhichthecover)whosewhosewhichthat(同位语从句同位语从句)that(表语从句表语从句)11.Shooting,_wasameansofsurvivaloriginally,developedintoasportinthelate19thcentury.12.Mymotherboughtmeadictionary,_mademeveryhappy.13._isknowntoall,Chinaisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld.14.Dontdosuchthings_youarenotsureabout.15.Itissuchabigstone_nobodycanliftit.Asaswhichwhich注意：注意：as引导引导限制性定语从句限制性定语从句先行词前常被先行词前常被such,thesame,so,as修饰，即构成修饰，即构成suchas,thesameas,soas,as在定语从句中充当成分如：主语、宾语或表在定语从句中充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。语。as与与which引导引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句都能指代整句都能指代整句内容内容，但定语从句位于，但定语从句位于句首句首时，只能用时，只能用as,意为意为“正正如如、恰如恰如”。that16.Thisisthehouse_Mr.Greenwantedtobuy.17.Thisisthehouse_afirebrokeoutlastyear.18.Wewillneverforgetthedays_wespentinthefactory.19.wewillneverforgetthedays_weworkedinthefactory.20.Doyouknowthereason_hedidntattendthemeeting?21.Thiswasthereason_hegave.which/thatwherewhich/thatwhen 先行词为地点名词、时间名词或先行词为地点名词、时间名词或reason时注意看从句缺什么时注意看从句缺什么成分成分.(缺主语或宾语填关系代词缺主语或宾语填关系代词,缺状语则填关系副词缺状语则填关系副词)which/thatwhy1.Heisoneoftheboyswho_presentatthemeetingnow.2.Heistheonlyoneofthemwho_presentatthemeetingnow.areis注意定语从句中的主谓一致注意定语从句中的主谓一致当先行词是：当先行词是：“theonlyoneof+可数名可数名词复数词复数”时，从句谓语动词为时，从句谓语动词为单数形式单数形式；当先行词是：当先行词是：“oneof+可数名词复数可数名词复数”时，从句谓语动词为时，从句谓语动词为复数形式复数形式定语从句在写作中的应用定语从句在写作中的应用以下是一则关于中国政府决定禁烟的报道主要内容。内容：公共场所禁烟实施时间：2011年1月1日起实施范围：全国目标：所有室内公共场所无烟措施：张贴禁烟标志相关数据：(1)吸烟人数：约3.5亿(2)分布：男性75；女性25(3)受二手烟影响人数：约5.4亿(4)因二手烟死亡人数：超过10万年二手烟：second-hand smoke改写改写1.TheChinesegovernmenthasdecidedtobansmokinginpublicplacesacrossthecountry.2.Thisdecisionaimstomakeallindoorpublicplacessmoke-free.3.ThisdecisionwillcomeintoeffectfromJanuary,1st,2011.4.Inordertoachievethisgoal,no-smokingsignswillbeputupinallindoorpublicplaces.5.CurrentlyChinahasabout350millionsmokers.6.75%ofthesesmokersaremenand25%arewomen.7.Around540millionpeopleareinfluencedbysecond-handsmoke.8.Second-handsmokecauses100,000deathsperyear.Thisdecisionaimstomakeallindoorpublicplacessmoke-free.ThisdecisionwillcomeintoeffectfromJanuary,1st,2011.Thisdecision,whichaimstomakeallindoorpublicplacessmoke-free,willcomeintoeffectfromJanuary,1st,2011.whichCurrentlyChinahasabout350millionsmokers.75%ofthesesmokersaremenand25%arewomen.CurrentlyChinahasabout350millionsmokers,ofwhom75%aremenand25%arewomen.whomAround540millionpeopleareinfluencedbysecond-handsmoke.Second-handsmokecauses100,000deathsperyear.Around540millionpeopleareinfluencedbysecond-handsmoke,whichcauses100,000deathsperyear.which改写改写TheChinesegovernmenthasdecidedtobansmokinginpublicplacesacrossthecountry.Thisdecision,whichaimstomakeallindoorpublicplacessmoke-free,willcomeintoeffectfromJanuary,1st,2011.Inordertoachievethisgoal,no-smokingsignswillbeputupinallindoorpublicplaces.CurrentlyChinahasabout350millionsmokers,ofwhom75%aremenand25%arewomen.Around540millionpeopleareinfluencedbysecond-handsmoke,whichcauses100,000deathsperyear.用定语从句整合信息。用定语从句整合信息。1.鲁迅鲁迅原名原名(realname)周树人周树人一生著有很多小说一生著有很多小说LuxunsrealnameisZhouShuren.Luxunwrotemanynovelsinhiswholelife.Luxun,whoserealnameisZhouShuren,wrotemanynovelsinhiswholelife.2.中国中国位置：亚洲东部位置：亚洲东部面积：大约面积：大约960万平方千米万平方千米ChinaliesintheeastoftheAsia.Chinacoversanareaofabout9.6millionsquarekilometers.China,whichliesintheeastoftheAsia,coversanareaofabout9.6millionsquarekilometers.