中考英语专题复习完形填空.doc

中考英语专题复习完形填空  

 完形填空
三种方法妙解中考英语“完形填空”
    著名美国心理学家布鲁姆把人们在认知领域中的教育目标分为六个层次，即记忆、理解、运用、分析、综合、评价。一般把前两个层次的试题称为知识型试题；后四个层次则称为能力型试题。目前广为流行的完形填空题，则是这两类题型的综合，是一种测试学生语言水平和实际运用语言能力的综合性题型。它可以培养学生的创造性思维能力并客观地反映学生的基本技能。完形填空题型复杂，涉及词类的搭配关系，词意的区别，语法结构，逻辑推理等各种知识，它要求学生必须具备一定的词汇量和一定的语法知识，而且还必须具备一定阅读理解能力，分析能力，逻辑推理能力，使完形后的文章不仅语法上准确，用词恰当，而且意思、结构无误。所以完形填空是学生感到困难，比较难把握的题型之一。
    为了能在完形填空中获得优异成绩，除了具备比较扎实的语言基础知识和一定的综合运用基础知识能力，还必须掌握一定的解题步骤和技巧。
    第一，快速通读全文，了解文章大意，注意语境和有关提示，不要急于选择答案。
    第二，在理解的基础上，边读边答题。答题时必须先易后难，先做最有把握、最熟悉的短语、惯用法、动词形式和语言结构的题目，在没有弄懂的情况下，切不可自行断意，逐步填意。
    第三，抓住文章的内在逻辑，从为什么对，为什么错着手。一篇文章是一个整体，有它独立的内容、结构与逻辑联系，不能单从局部的词义和语法来理解，应从全文内容出发，不断深入理解，得出符合逻辑和正确答案。
    第四，集中精力，解决难点。通过逻辑思维，上下文的内在含义和结构联系，排除明显错误，缩小选择范围，得出最佳答案。
    第五，选答完毕，再次通读全文，使语言流畅贯通，内容清晰，语意完整，情节发展合理。选择答案并非易事。答题时除了要遵循以上基本步骤外，还要始终从结构上、语法要求和内容上的逻辑要求考虑，切莫顾此失彼。下面就如何选择正确选项谈谈几种方法：
    一、固定搭配法
    在一篇文章中，有些选题是比较简单的，不需要多做分析，即可根据已学知识马上找出正确答案，例如：
    ⑴my way home yestarday， i saw a dog in front ⑵ me.
    （   ）⑴A. In ；     B. Of ；    C. On ；     D. To；
    （    ）（2）A. of ；    B. to ；     C. from；    D. before；
    很容易知道on one’s way home 和in front of 都是固定搭配短语，因而可知答案分别是C和A.
    又如：The pen is worth        .
    A. buy；       B. buying；    C .to buy ；      D. buys；
    在这个句子中，很明显答案是B，因为be worth 是一个习惯搭配，也就是说后面只能跟动名词，不跟不定式或其它成分，可见本题正确答案一下便可选出是B.
二、逐个排除法
    在一道选题中，一般有四个被选答案，有的是每个被选答案全似是而非，即使全文都领会了，叫我们一时选出正确答案也是有一定难度的，或是根本不可能的。在这种情况下，我们便可采用这个方法，名个击破，逐一否定，缩小选择范围，增大概率。当然，当我们最后确定了选项之后，还得将所选答案放入原句进行检验，验证是否准确无误。例如：
    Neither Tom nor I         to Beijing before.
    A. has gone；                    B. have gone；
    C. has been；                    D. have been；
    根据所学知识，我们知道，以neither…nor结构做主谓时，句子谓语的数应与邻近主语取得一致，即本选题中应与主语I 一致，而I 是第一人称单数，故而要先选出含有have的选项B与D，而将A与C排除。又因为have（has ）gone to 意为“去…地方了”，即是人去了不在的这儿，显然选项B又不含题意。最后剩下的答案D就是要选出的正确答案。再将答案D放入检验，符合题意。
    三、逻辑判断法
    在个别选题中，其所提供的选项，有的从语法角度进行考虑是正确的，但若从语意上考虑，则会产生矛盾，不合逻辑，此时应着重分析，理解文章和句子语意，对语法无误的几个选项通过逻辑进行判断，甚至选出最完善的答案。如：
    Li Ping has just come， so he has         friends.
    A. quite a few；     B. few；     C. much；      D. little；
    很明显，答案C与D不能和后面的可数名词friends连用，故而首先排除。剩下的A、B答案，从语法上分析，均对，都没有犯任何语法错误。而从语意上分析，既然“李平刚刚来这儿”，按常理应“没几个朋友”才对，所以答案A在逻辑上不成立，剩下的B答案就是正确答案。但若将原句中的so改成but，则语意上又变成“虽然李平刚来这儿，但他有好多朋友”，故而答案应改为A.
    还有一选题，章从几个方面入手还不够，有时要从语态、时态、语序、语意、肯定和否定等诸要素，进行全面考虑，准确判断。如选择名词时，应联系文章主题及空格前后重复出现的词，注意它的数和性；选择动词时，不但要注意其所表示的意义及其惯用语法，而且要注意所给动词的时态、语态；选择连词时，要注意分析文章中前后句和上下文的逻辑关系；选择形容词、副词时，应注意词义区别及比较等级；选择代词时，应注意它的性、数、格是否准确；选择介词时，就要注意其固定搭配。
    总之，要提高完形填空的解题能力，除了掌握以上基本步骤和方法外，还必须增加实践量，不断总结经验，掌握技巧，提高解题的准确性，达到事半功倍的效果。
【完形填空典型例题1】
Last year Tom left school. He came to Taipei to (1)______ a job. He went from one company to another but (2)_____ wanted him. Now he had little money. He had to go back to his small town. So he came to the station. He felt (3)______ and tired. It was very late at night and (4)_____ was full of people. They were waiting (5)_____ tickets of the last train. He bought the last ticket, and he was very happy.

　　At that time, a woman with a crying baby walked to him. She asked him to sell her the ticket. He gave her the ticket. He thought they needed it (6)______ he did. After (7)______ left, he sat on the bench and didn't know (8)_____ to go. Just then, an old man came and said, “Young man, I (9)______ what you did to the woman. I have a big company. I need a good young man like (10)______. Would you like to work for me?”
　　(   )1. A. find               B. see             C. look                D. buy
　　(   )2. A. everyone       B. no one        C. nothing           D. something
　　(   )3. A. happy             B. interesting   C. sad            D. glad
　　(   )4. A. the city          B. the company   C. the farm          D. the station
　　(   )5. A. to buy             B. to sell          C. to give             D. to pass
　　(   )6. A. less than       B. more than  C. smaller than    D. worse than
　　(   )7. A. Tom          B. the bus        C. the train          D. the old man
　　(   )8. A. what         B. which          C. why D. where
　　(   )9. A. have seen        B. don't know  C. don't like         D. have done
　　(   )10.A. the woman    B. you              C. the baby          D. her
　　题解与分析：
　　这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了Tom从找不到工作到最后通过一个偶然的机会得到工作的情况。
　　1.A. Tom到台北去是找工作的。
　　2.B. 通过前半句“He went from one company to another”，可知他走了多家公司；中间的连词but做了一个转折，表明没有一家公司愿意录用他。
　　3.C. 由于他没有找到工作，所以肯定会是很沮丧的。
　　4.D. 根据上句“He came to the station.”可知答案。
　　5.A. 在车站人们肯定是在等着买票的。
　　6.C. Tom把自己的票给了那个女人，是因为Tom认为她比他更需要这张票，因为她还带着一个正在哭闹的孩子。
　　7.C. 根据当时的情况，肯定是火车走了之后，Tom才坐在长凳上的。
　　8.D. 根据所给词的词义可知答案。
　　9.A. 只有那位老人看到当时的情景，他才会对Tom说这些话的。
　　10.B. 因为这是老人和Tom之间的对话，所以他们互相之间应该称呼”你”才对。
【完形填空典型例题2】
“Where is the university?” This is a question that many visitors to Cambridge ask. But no one can give them a (1)______ answer, for there is no wall to be found (2)______ the university. The university is the city. You can find classroom buildings, (3)______ museums and offices of the university all over the city. And most of its members are the students and (4)_______ of the thirty-one colleges.

　　Cambridge was already a (5)______ town long before the first students and teachers arrived 800 years ago. It grew up by the river Granta, and the river was once (6)______ the Cam. A (7)______ was built over the river as early as 875. So the town got its name “Cambridge”.
　　In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries more and more land was used for college buildings. The town grew much (8)_______ in the nineteenth century after the opening of the railway in 1845. Cambridge became a (9)______ in 1951 and now it has a population of over 100,000. Many young students in other countries (10)______ to study at Cambridge. Thousands of people from all over the world come to visit the university town. It has become a famous place all around the world.
(   )1. A. true                B. clear                C. right                D. real
(   )2. A. around      B. in                    C. near                 D. by
(   )3. A. cinemas          B. parks              C. zoos                D. libraries
(   )4. A. parents           B. farmers           C. workers           D. teachers
(   )5. A. interesting B. usual               C. developing      D. common
(   )6. A. said                B. called              C. spoken      D. talked
(   )7. A. bridge       B. building           C. station             D. house
(   )8. A. smaller           B. slower             C. faster               D. cleaner
(   )9. A. city                 B. college       C. university        D. country
(   )10.A. stop         B. hate                 C. hope                D. need
　　题解与分析：
    这是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了剑桥大学城的规模和发展史。
　　1.B. 由于剑桥大学的规模很大，因此谁也说不清它的具体位置。
　　2.A. 按照常例，围墙应该建在学校的周围。
　　3.D. 由于是学校，所以我们在里面见到的不会是很多的影院，动物园或公园。
　　4.D. 在剑桥大学城里除了学生之外，其他更多的就是教师了。
　　5.C. 从过去到现在，剑桥始终在发展前进。
　　6.B. 河的名字是被人们所称呼的。
　　7.A. 河的上面有一座桥。
    8.C. 根据“after the opening of the railway in 1845” 可知，自从铁路开通之后，剑桥的发展一定更快了。
　　9.A. 随着剑桥规模的进一步扩大，它逐渐成了一座城了。
　　10.C. 能到剑桥读书是很多人的愿望。
【完形填空典型例题3】
A generation gap(代沟)has become a serious problem. I read a (1)_____ about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed themselves after quarrels with (2)_____. I think this is because they don't often have a talk with each other. Parents now (3)_____ more time in the office, (4)_____ they don't have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel that they don't have the (5)______ topics to talk about. I want to tell parents to be more with your (6)_____, get to know them and (7)______ them. And for children, show your (8)_______ to your parents. They are the people who love you. So (9)_____ them your thoughts. In this way, you (10)______ have a better understanding of each other.
(   )1. A. message          B. call            C. report              D. letter
(   )2. A. friends      B. teachers           C. classmates       D. parents
(   )3. A. spend        B. stay                 C. work               D. have
(   )4. A. because           B. if                     C. but             D. so
(   )5. A. interesting B. same               C. true            D. good
(   )6. A. business         B. children           C. work               D. office
(   )7. A. get on with     B. look after        C. understand           D. lave
(   )8. A. interest           B. secret              C. trouble            D. feelings
(   )9. A. tell            B. ask            C. answer            D. say
(   )10.A. can           B. should             C. must                D. would
　　题解与分析：
    这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了孩子与父母之间存在的代沟的问题。
　　1.C. 在报纸上看到的应该是一篇报导。
　　2.D. 综观全文，文章所谈论的是孩子与父母之间的代沟的问题。这从上下文可以看出。
　　3.A. 现在很多家长都把时间花在了工作上，这是一个现存的事实。
　　4.D. 前面谈到了原因，此处用so引出后面的结果。
　　5.B. 由于家长与孩子在一起的时间很短，所以他们之间的共同语言越来越少。
　　6.B. 这是作者的忠告，劝告家长们多与他们的孩子在一起。
　　7.C. get to know 是“认识”，understand 就是“了解”了，这是一个循序渐进的过程。
　　8.D. 做为孩子，根据作者的初衷，应该是将自己的感受告诉自己的父母。
　　9.A. 想法应该是被告诉给家长的。
　　10.A. 根据所给词语的词义可知答案。
完形填空专项训练
1
It’s never easy to admit you are in the wrong. We all__1____to know the art of apology.  Think how often you’ve done wrong. Then count how many ____2___ you’ve expressed clearly you were ____3____ . You can’t go to bed with an easy mind if you do  ___4____ about it. A doctor friend， Mr Lied， told me about a man who came to him with different kinds of signs： headaches， heart trouble and insomnia （失眠症）。 ____5____some careful exams， Mr Lied found nothing wrong with him and said， “If you don’t tell me what’s ____6______ you， I can’t help you.”The man admitted he was cheating （骗取）his brother of his inheritance （遗产 ）。 Then and there the clever doctor _____7_____ the man write to his brother and ____8_______ his money. As soon as the letter was put into the post box， the man suddenly cried. “Thank you，” he said to the doctor， “I think I’ve got well. ”An apology can not only save a broken relationship （关系）， but also make it  ____9____ .If you can think of someone who should be ___10_______ an apology from you， do something about it right now.
　　1. A. decide              B. have                C. need                D. try
　　2. A. mistakes               B. people             C. ways               D. times
　　3. A. sorry               B. weak               C. sad            D. wrong
　　4. A. something       B. anything          C. nothing           D. everything
　　5. A. Before             B. After               C. Till             D. Since
　　6. A. hurting            B. changing         C. touching          D. worrying
　　7. A. made               B. helped             C. let              D. saw
　　8. A. gave                B. kept                C. returned          D. paid
　　9. A. newer              B. worse              C. harder             D. stronger
　　10. A. received        B. give                 C. known             D. forgotten

2
Mr White works in an office. He liked reading in bed when he was at school. It was bad for his ____1______ and now he has near sight . But he wouldn’t want _____2______to know about it and he never wears a pair of glasses. It often ______3____ him some trouble.One winter morning he was sent to a village school on business . He ____4_____a bus at a stop in a small town. Then he had to walk there. The road to the village wasn’t smooth . He fell over some times and it _____5_____his clothes dirty. _____6_____he got to the village. Suddenly it began to blow and it got colder. He was looking for the school while his _____7_____  was blown off. He began to run after it but he couldn’t get it. He couldn’t understand why his hat ran into a house as if it had _____8____. And he ran into the house,____9_______ .A woman stopped him and shouted angrily， “ ____10____ are you running after my hen（母鸡 ）for？”
　　1. A. ears                      B. nose                C. mouth             D. eyes
　　2. A. anybody else        B. nobody           C. woman      D. somebody
　　3. A. follows                 B. takes               C. brings              D. carries
　　4. A. took off                B. got off             C. got on             D. came on
　　5. A. let                   B. made               C. gave                D. felt
　　6. A. At first            B. At home          C. At times          D. At last
　　7. A. clothes            B. bag            C. hat             D. glasses
　　8. A. legs                       B. hands              C. shoes               D. arms
　　9. A. always            B. also                 C. either               D. too
　　10. A. What            B. Why                C. Which             D. Who

3
Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the school. Yesterday she came into the ___1____With  a big smile on her face. She said to her ___2___  that she was ___3____  to see they did well in the sports meeting. But ___4____ was not pleased to see the classroom last Saturday not as____5____ as usual. She hoped they would clean the classroom every day.Wei Hua was on ___6_____ yesterday. She said everyone was at  .___7__ except Lin Tao. Then she told Miss Zhao about their ____8____ to the Great Wall last Sunday. Luckily the weather was  _____9____  . They played games and had a picnic there. After Wei Hua  ___10____ her talk， Miss Zhao began her lesson.

　　1. A. shop          B. classroom       C. park                D. office
　　2. A. students          B. teachers           C. workers           D. doctors
　　3. A. angry        B. sorry               C. glad                 D. sad
　　4. A. she            B. I                      C. we             D. he
　　5.A.dark            B. old             C. large                D. clean
　　6. A. time                B. duty                C. foot                 D. to
　　7. A. home         B. noon               C. night               D. school
　　8. A. visit                B. music              C. clock               D. football
　　9. A. bad            B. fine            C. rainy               D. windy
　　10. A. started          B. had            C. finished           D. gave

4
There were no classes that afternoon， so Henry went to a __1__ shop near his home. The shop sold many jackets. He looked __2__ them and at last chose a very nice one. He __3__ it on and then told the shopkeeper to put it into a __4__. At that time his friend Bruce came into the shop. They hadn’t seen each other for a long time. They were so __5__ to meet again that they forgot __6__ else. Soon they were busy talking on and on happily.It was nearly six o’clock， __7__ they decided to go and have dinner together. Henry picked up the bag， and walked __8__ the door of the shop. The shopkeeper stopped them and asked Henry to pay for the __9__. Henry looked at him in surprise at first， but soon he remember that he hadn’t paid for it. He said __10__ ，gave him the money and them left the shop with his friend.
　　1. A. fruit                B. book               C. food                D. clothing
　　2. A. up             B. for             C. after                D. at