英语动词时态强化.doc

英语动词时态强化

现在范畴：一般现在时态 V/Vs(es)
现在进行时态 am/are/is V-ing
现在完成时态 have/has Vpp

动词时态 过去范畴：一般过去时态 Vp
过去进行时态 was/were V-ing
过去完成时态 had Vpp

将来范畴：一般将来时态 will V
将来进行时态 will be V-ing
将来完成时态 will have done
一．一般现在时
用法：①表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
②表示主语通常的能力、兴趣爱好、和性格特征。
③表示客观的事实或真理。
时间状语： sometimes/often/usually/always/now/never/seldom/every morning/once a month
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谓语结构：谓语是动作

谓语是状态
肯定句：主语+V/Vs(es)…. 肯定句：主语+am/are/is+…….
否定句：主语+don’t/ doesn’t +V….. 否定句：主语+am/are/is+not+…….
一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+V …..? 一般疑问句: Am/Are/Is+主语+……

He always________ to school on time (come) Tom is interested in Chinese culture. (be)
They ___________at school every Friday. (not stay) We ______ Chinese and our teachers is English.(be)
______ Mary ______Chinese culture? (like) ________Shantou in the south of China?(be)
The earth_______around the sun. (go) She _________happy. (be not)
When ______ he ______ homework every night?(do)

规则
动词原形
一般在词尾加-s，(清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音后读/z/；在t后读/ts/,在d后读/dz/。)
Play→plays leave→leaves
swim→swims
以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es，读/iz/,如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。
pass →passes fix→fixes
teach→teaches wish→wishes
do→does
以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i, 再加-es,读/z/
study→studies carry→carries
fly→flies

二．一般过去时：
用法：①表示具体的某个过去时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。
②表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。
有具体的表过去的时间状语时使用一般过去时，如：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等

谓语结构：谓语是动作 谓语是状态
肯定句：主语+Vp 肯定句：主语+was/were…
否定句：主语+didn’t+V 否定句：主语+wasn’t/weren’t…
一般疑问句：Did+主语+V…. 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+….
He _______ to school on time this morning.(go) Tom _______interested in Chinese culture last year.(be)
They_________ at school last Friday. (stay) We _________ in Shanghai in 2013. (be not)
______ Mary ______Chinese culure when she _______ he a teacher when he was 25?(be)
was young？(like)
When _______ he ______homework yesterday?(do)

动词过去式的变化规则：
构成规则
动词原形
一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，(在清辅音后读/t/；在浊辅音和元音后读/d/；在/t/,/d/后读/id/。
look→looked play→played
work→worked
结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d
like→liked live→lived
hope→hoped
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed
plan→planned stop→stopped
drop→dropped
结尾是“辅音字母＋y”的动词，先变“y”为“I”再加-ed
study→studies worry→worries
cry→cries

三．现在进行时
用法：①表示说话时正在进行的动作。
②表示现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定进行）
谓语结构：肯定句：主语+am/are/is+V-ing 否定句：主语+am/are/is not+V-ing
一般疑问句：Am/Are/Is +主语+V-ing…?
I ____________ to my pen friend in Austria now. (wirte)
Tom ______________Chinese recently. (learn)
She_________________computer games.(not play)
______they ___________for the bus now? (wait)
Look! A thief ________________a purse from an grandny. (steal)
时间状语：---now/these days/ at present/ at this time--- 提示动词look/ listen---

动词V-ing的构成规则：
规则
原形
一般在动词原形末尾加-ing
listen→listening spend→spending
stay→staying
以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing
have→having prepare→preparing
close→closing
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing
sit→sitting begin→beginning
run→running put→putting
以ie为重读音节结尾的动词，先去掉e,把i改为y,再加-ing
lie→lying
die→dying
以er结尾的动词，如是重读音节结尾，先双写r，再加-ing；如不是重读音节结尾，就直接加-ing
prefer→preferring
water→watering

四．过去进行时
用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。
时间状语: then/ at that time/at this time yesterday/ yesterday evening/last night/ when+时间状语从句)---
谓语结构：肯定句：主语+was/were+V-ing 否定句：主语+was/were +V-ing
一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+V-ing…?
They ____________the classroom when the teacher came into the classroom. (clean)
At this time yesterday I _____________ a phone call to my classmate. (make)
Tom _________ (not cook) at the time. He _____________(watch) TV.
What _______ you ________ then? (do)
________ they ________ with their teacher when you saw them? (talk)

五．一般将来时
用法：表示从现在看将来的动作或状态。
谓语结构：肯定句：主语+shall/will+V (shall 只用于第一人称)
否定句：主语+shall/will not+V (will not=won’t)
一般疑问句：Will +主语+V…?
时间状语：---tomorrow/tomorrow morning/the day after tomorrow/(how) soon/ before long/ by and by/ in an hour/ in five minutes’ time/ five minutes later/ this afternoon/ next Saturday(week, month, year)/in future/ in the future/ sometime in the future/ some day( one day)---
l 其他时态也可以表将来时态
a) be going to +动词原形，表示主观打算，按计划，安排要发生的事情。
b) be to +动词原形，表示客观安排
c) be about to +不定式，意为马上要做某事，正要做某事。
d) 某些动词，可用进行时态表将来，如come, go, arrive, leave。
e) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句中用一般现在时表将来。
f) 一般现在时可表示按时间表安排即将会发生的动作(限start, begin, arrive, end, close, leave---等表示开始或移动意义的词)

1. I ____ (leave, shall/ will leave) for Ji’nan tomorrow.
2. Who can tell me what ____(will happen, is going to happen) in the future?
3. Mr Smith _____(will help, shall help) you if you have any problem.
4. It______(is going to be, will be) Wednesday the day after tomorrow.
5. The musician _____( is going to give, are going to give, am going to give) a concert next week.
6. Look, there ______(be, is going to be, are going to be) a rain soon.
7. We _____( meet, will be to meet, are to meet, am to meet) at the airport this afternoon.
8. The concert____(take, is to take, are to take, will be take) place in the music hall tomorrow afternoon.
9. The concert ___(hold, is to hold, is to be held, will to be held) in the music hall tomorrow evening.
10. Ladies and gentlemen, the plane ___(take, is about to take, are about to take, is soon about to take) off. Please fasten your safety belts.
11. We ____(start, are going to start, are starting) for Shanghai tonight.
12. The train/ concert/ show/film _____(start, starts) at six tomorrow.
六．现在完成时
用法：表示发生在过去，持续到现在，可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来，并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。
常与since+过去时（间）, for+一段时间连用。表示与现在有联系的过去的动作。
谓语结构：
肯定句： 主语+have/has+Vpp…..
否定句： 主语+haven’t/hasn’t+Vpp…
一般疑问句：Have/Has +主语+Vpp…..
时间状语：（包括现在时间在内的时间状语）
---1)already/(not)yet/before/recently=lately 2)ever/never/once/twice/many times 3)now/just/today/
this morning 4)for…/since…/so far/ by now=up till now 5)in/for/during the past(last)few years---
注意：不能和明确的具体的表过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1998, ago等
1. We __________just ___________(talk) about you.
2. Where __________ you __________(be)? I ________(be) to Nanjing.
3. ________you __________(visit) the Great Wall yet?
4. How long ________you _____________(teach) English in school?
5. They __________(see) the film twice.
6. He ____________(work) in that hospital since he left college.
7. So far, we _____________(learn) more than 1000 words.
8. In the last 20 years, there _____________(be) great changes in China.
七：过去完成时
用法：表示动作在过去某一或动作之前已经完成。表示比过去的一个参照动作或时间更早的动作，即过去的过去。作为参照的过去的动作或时间有时在句子中直接表述出来（如用by, before+过去时间或者过去的某个事件），有时通过上下文暗示。

谓语结构：
肯定句： 主语+had+Vpp…..
否定句： 主语+had+Vpp…
一般疑问句：Had +主语+Vpp…..
When I got to the station, the train ___________________. (leave)
By the end of last year, we ________________(learn) over 3,000 words.
She said she _____________(not see) me for a long time.
He _________(know)about it before I _________(tell) him.

附：被动语态的各种时态
被动语态： 主语+ be+Vpp+…..(by+动作执行者)

一般现在时： am/are/is + Vpp Our classroom is cleaned (by us) everday.
一般过去时： was/were+Vpp His bike was stolen yesterday.
一般将来时： will be +Vpp A new library will be built in our school next year.
现在进行时： am/are/is being +Vpp My car is being repaired so I can’t go to pick you up.
过去进行时： was/were being +Vpp At that time a new problem was being discussed.
现在完成时： have/has been +Vpp All the homework has been finished.
过去完成时： had been +Vpp Before the doctor arrived, the injured had been sent to the hopital.
含情态动词： 情态动词+be+Vpp Your books can’t be put here. They must be taken home.