新目标英语七年级上语法总复习.doc

初中七年级上语法总复习一、Be 动词（am, is, are）的用法口诀：I 用am , you 用are ,is 连着他（he）她（she）它（it）。单数统统用is，复数一律都用are. 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃，变否定，更容易，be 后not莫忘记，疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。28I _ a student. You _ Japanese. He _ my brother.My name _Harry.Lily _ very tall. Mary, this _ Tom. Miss Zhou _ my teacher.The cat_ black. This book_ very interesting.Li Lei and I _ good friends. These _ apples. Those_ bananas.They _students. _ she from China? _ you good at English?The books _ on the desk. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. What_ this?The girl_ Jacks sister. The dog _ tall and fat. The man with big eyes _ a teacher._ your brother in the classroom? Where _ your mother? How _ your father. Whose dress _ this?Whose socks _ they? That _ my red skirt. Who _ I?The jeans _ on the desk. Here _ some sweaters for you. The black pants _ for Su Yang.This pair of boots _ for Yang Ling. There some milk for me.Some tea _ in the glass. Gao Shans shirt _ over there. My sisters name _Nancy. _ David and Helen from England? There _ a girl in the room. There _ some apples on the tree._ there any kites in the classroom? _ there any apple juice in the bottle?There _ some bread on the plate.二、人称代词与物主代词人称第一人称单 数第二人称单 数第三人称单数第一人称复 数第二人称复 数第三人称复 数主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey我你他她它我们你们他（她、它）们宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem我你他她它我们你们他（她、它）们形容词性物主代 词my我的your你的his他的her她的its它的our我们的your你们的their他（她、它）们的名词性物主代 词mine我的yours你的his他的hers她的its它的ours我们的yours你们的theirs他（她、它）们的通常情况下，主格作主语,宾格作宾语,其中主格与动词be (am, is, are) 的连用如下：I am 我是We are我们是You are你是You are你们是He is他是She is 她是They are 他(她,它)们是It is它是。另外: are 是 is 的复数,主语是复数与 are 连用, 主语是单数与 is连用。人称代词主格会与跟在它后面的be动词缩写。如I am=Im ,you are=youre, He is=hes, she is=shes, it is =its we are=were,they are=theyre形容词性的物主代词(只作定语)+名词, 如my book 我的书 her hat 她的帽子。形容词可作定语,形容词(定语) + 名词, 如good boy好男孩favorite subject最喜欢的科目。形容词可与 be (am, is, are) 连用作定语, be (am, is, are) + 形容词 (表语) 如 He is happy.Exercise：一 根据句子前后内容，写出正确的代词。1. Li lei is from China._ is Chinese. 2. My name is Gina._ am a student.3. This is Tom._ is in Grade Two. 4. His name is Tony._ telephone number is 856-0770.5. She is a student. _name is Julia.二.用所给词的适当形式填空1.That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big.( I )2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you )6. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ?( she )7. I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you )8. Show _ your kite, OK? (they)9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it )10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they )11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we )12. Look at that desk. Those books are on _. ( it ）13. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he )14. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they )15. The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she )17. _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _. ( we )18. So many dogs. Lets count _. ( they )19. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he )20. May I sit beside _? ( you )三、指示代词this ,that, these, those.These 是this 的复数形式，指时间、距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事。Those 是that的复数形式，指时间、距离较远或者前面已经提到的人或事。如：This is my room. That is Lucys room. These are his brothers. Those are he books.四、冠词的用法(一)冠词分为不定冠词（a ,an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（不用冠词的情况）三种。(二)不定冠词a（an）与数词 one 同源，是“一个”的意思。a 用于辅音音素前，如 a boy 一个男孩a teacher一个老师；而 an 则用于元音音素前。如 an orange 一个橙子an apple一个苹果 an eraser一块橡皮 an egg 一个鸡蛋 an English girl一个英国女孩an answer一个答案an aunt一个阿姨 an uncle一个叔叔an alarm clock一个闹钟an example 一个例子an art festival 一个艺术节an action movie 一部动作片 an actor一个演员,an email一封电子邮件an addres一个地址an opera 一部戏剧an interesting book一本有趣的书an exciting movie 一部激动人心的电影不定冠词a、an的用法1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示一There is a tiger in the zoo.动物园里有一只老虎。2. 表示一类人和东西A tiger can be dangerous.老虎可能有危害性。3. 表示某一个的意思A gentleman wants to see you.有一位先生要见你。4. 表示同一的意思They are nearly of an age.他们几乎同岁。The two shirts are much of a size.这两件衬衫大小差不多。5. 表示每一的意思We go swimming four times a week. 我们每周去游泳四次。6. 用在单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业My mother is a teacher.我妈妈是教师。 7. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.很久很久以前，有一个年老的国王，他有一个非常美丽的女儿。8. 在such a，quite a句式中。He is quite a good actor.他是一个相当好的演员。Dont be in such a hurry. 不要如此匆忙。 9. 在感叹句 what.的句式中What a pretty girl she is!她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀！ 10.用在某些表示数量的词组中：a lot of许多a couple of一对a great many很多a dozen一打a great deal of 大量(三)定冠词the的用法.巧记定冠词the用法歌诀：特指双方熟悉，上文已经提起。世上独一无二，方位名词乐器。定冠词the (表示特指)相当于this (这个)that (那个) these (这些) those (那些)如 the sweater这 (/那)件毛衣the skirts这些( /那些 )裙子某些专有名词，还有复数姓氏。序数词最高级，习惯用语要牢记。1. 用以特指某（些）人或事物This is the house where Luxun once lived.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物Open the door, please.请把门打开。3. 用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”）I have a black pen. This is the pen.4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前January is the first month of the year.一月份是一年当中的第一个月。 Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。 5. 表示宇宙中世界上独一无二的事物。the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空 the world 世界 6. 指由普通名词构成的专有名词。the West Lake西湖the Great Wall长城the United States美国7. 表示方向、方位。in the east 在东方 in the west 在西方in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面in the bottom 在底部 at the top 在顶部on the right 在右边 on the left 在左边 8. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe River 黄河the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡9. 在姓氏复数前，表示一家人The Bakers came to see me yesterday.贝克一家人昨天来看我。10. 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物the poor 穷人 the rich 富人the sick 病人the wounded 伤员the good 好人 the beautiful 美丽的事物 11. 用在表示阶级、政党的名词前the working class 工人阶级the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党 12. 用在the very强调句中This is the very book I want.这就是我想要的那本书。 13. 在the more, the more比较级的句式中The more you drink, the more you like it.你越喝就越爱喝。 14. 表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加theplay the piano 弹钢琴play the violin 拉小提琴 *中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:play erhu(二胡)the+n发明物 必须是单数 who invented the telephone?15. 某些固定的表达法in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影go to the theatre 去看戏 all the year round 一年到头on the way to 前往.去的路上16. the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物The horse is a useful animal.马是一种有用的动物。17.用在世纪或逢时1990的复数名词前in the18th century 在18世纪 in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代18 多与民族 国籍的形容词连用The Chinese are brave hard-working people 中国人是勤劳和勇敢的人19. 用于报刊 杂志 会议 条义 历史 时期 朝代的名词前the Xian incident 西安事变(四)零冠词的用法1. 专有名词前一般不加冠词。China 中国 Europe 欧洲Lei Feng 雷锋 William Shakespeare 威廉莎士比亚 2. 月份、星期、节日前一般不加冠词January 一月份 Sunday 星期日Christmas Day 圣诞节Thanksgiving 感恩节National Day 国庆节 May Day 劳动节 注:民族节日前要加the 如:the Spring Festival3. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠词。I have lunch at school.我在学校吃午餐。比较：I had a big lunch yesterday.昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。（表示某一个） Summer is the best season for swimming.夏天是游泳的好季节。 比较： I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii.我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。（表示特指） 4. 进行球类运动。 play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打排球play football 踢足球 5.by+交通工具。 by bus 乘公交车 by bike骑自行车 6. 没有特指的物质名词This cart is made of wood.这辆手推车是用木头作的。 比较： The wood outside was all wet. 外面的那些木头都湿了。（表示特指） 7. 没有特指的不可数抽象名词。 Time is precious.时间是宝贵的。 8. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。 I like tomatoes.我喜欢西红柿。9. 山峰。 Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰10. 泛指人类。Man is mortal.人必有一死。11. 指职位、头衔称呼的词，如king，captain，president，chairman 等。He is (the) captain of the team.他是球队的队长。12. 固定词组go to school 去上学 go to bed 上床睡觉go by train 乘火车去 go by boat 乘船去at table 在用餐 in hospital 住院at school 求学 in school 求学at noon 在中午at night 在晚上at midnight 在半夜 in town 在城里Exercise：在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划/。1.Whats this? Its _ clock. 2.Whats that? Its_alarm clock.3.What is it? Its _ “w”. 4. My favorite subject is_P.E.5.Jims mother is_Mrs.Green. She is _ teacher. 6.Those pens are in _ pencil-case.7.Heres _ interesting family photo. 8.When does Lily go to _ bed in _evening?9._ “h”,_ “o”and _“w” in the word “how”. 10.This is _my English book.11.Where is _bag? Its under_table. 12.I often go to _school at _7:00.13.Take_ cup to_your mother. 14.They like playing _ football.15. What color is your coat? Its _orange. Its _orange coat. 16.Do you have_pingpong bat? Yes, I do.17.Do you want to see _ action movie? No, I want to play_chess.18.When is his sisters birthday? Its_April _ eleventh.19.Does Bill like_hamburgers? No ,he doesnt.20.A:Lets play soccer. B:I dont have_soccer ball. A:Well,lets play _drums. B: That sounds good.21.Do you have Art Festival at your school? Yes, we do.22.How much are _ two hats? They are 10 dollars.23.Rich often goes to see _Beijing Opera on_weekends.24.Can Tom play_piano? Yes, he can.Can he play _it well? No, he cant.25.When do people usually eat _breakfast? They usually have_it in _morning.五、名词及名词的所有格名词：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词（一）名词的分类。名词分为普通名词和专有名词，普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，不可数名词没有复数，可数名词可用作单数和复数。可数名词包括个体名词（表示一类人或物的个体。如：boy，desk，cat，window）和集体名词（由若干个体组成的集合体。如：family，class，police）。不可数名词包括物质名词（表示无法分为个体的实物。如：water，paper，silk，money）和抽象名词（表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。如：work，happiness，music，difficulty，housework）专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如：Tom，the Great Wall，the Spring Festival，France，the United States）。（二）名词的数1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种：（1）可数名词的复数规则如下:a.以 o 结尾的词,只有tomato加es. tomato-tomatoes西红柿b. 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词加es. bus-buses公共汽车watch-watches手表class-classe班级/课, address-addresses地址, wish-wishes愿望, speech-speeches演讲c.以辅音字母加 y 结尾的,把改为 I 再加es. strawberry-strawberries草莓city-cities城市comedy-comedies喜剧 documentary-documentaries记录片party-parties聚会dictionary-dictionaries字典family-families家庭hobby-hobbies爱好 d.另外: tooth-teeth 牙齿 life-lives 生活.e.其他的可数名词只加sf.以元音字母结尾的名词，变复数时情况如下： 加eg.tomatotomatoes，potatopotatoes 结尾是两个元音字母的加s，eg.zoozoos，radioradios 某些外来词变复数时词尾加s，eg. pianopianos 一些名词的缩写形式变复数时，词尾加s，eg.photo（photograph）photos，kilo（kilogram）kilos zero变复数时，既可加s，也可加 eg.zeroszeroes g.有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s或es，而是变换其中的字母。eg. manmen，womanwomen，policemanpolicemen，EnglishmanEnglishmen， footfeet， toothteeth， childchildren，mousemice，oxoxenh.还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。eg.Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fishi.另一些名词本身即是复数形式，不可用作单数。eg，people，police，trousers，pants，clothes，scissors另外，当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。eg.an apple tree，five apple trees，a girl friend，two girl friends，a twin sister但是，当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，就要用其复数形式。eg.two men teachers，three women doctors可用“量词+of+名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词的数量。eg.a room of students，two boxes of pencils2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式，如broccoli花椰菜French fries炸薯条ice冰ice cream 冰淇淋salad 沙拉它的“量”的表示方式如下。（1）表不定数量时，一般用much，（a）little，a lot oflots of，some，any等修饰。eg.much money，a little bread（2）表确定数量时，一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。如：twothree+量词复数十of+不可数名词。eg. a bag of rice，two glasses of milk，four bottles of water3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。eg： fruit水果fruits表示不同种类的水果；food食物foods各种食品；fish鱼fishes鱼的种类；drink饮料、酒a drink一杯一份饮料、一杯酒； cloth布，a cloth桌布、抹布； sand沙sands沙滩； tea茶a tea一杯茶；chicken鸡肉a chicken小鸡；orange橘汁an orange橘子； glass玻璃a glass玻璃杯，glasses眼镜； paper纸a paper试卷、论文；wood木头a wood小森林；room空间、余地a room房间本册已经学过的不可数名词有：broccoli, food, dessert, orange, fruit, soccer, tennis, breakfast, lunch, dinner, help, opera, work, homework, time ice-cream, salad, chicken(既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词)（三）名词的所有格：名词的所有格（表示人或物的所属关系，意为“的”,相当于of)（1）有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，在词尾加s.eg.Mikes watch；Womens Day以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，只加。eg.teachersoffice，studentsrooms两个或两个以上名词并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加s.eg.Tom and Mikes room汤姆和迈克的房间（表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房）两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加s.eg.Marys and Jennys bikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车（表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车）（2）无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构eg.a map of China，the beginning of this game，the door of the room（3）特殊形式 可用s和of短语表示的名词所有格。eg.the boys name=the name of the boy（男孩的名字）the dogs legs=the legs of the dog（狗的腿）Chinas population=the population of China（中国的人口）Chinas capital=the capital of China（中国的首都）双重所有格eg.a fiend of my mothers我妈妈的一个朋友a picture of Toms汤姆的一张图片Exercise：一、写出下列词的复数形式。baby_case_knife_photo_Chinese_hamburger_potato_key_watch_ name_ strawberry_ tomato_dollar_orange_people_ documentary_ boy_piano_child_man_this_ that_ she_you_bus_ wish_ Japanese_am_二、翻译短语五门学科_ 三部电影_一些动作片_ 许多手表_一点食品_ 一点蔬菜_四辆公共汽车_ 三块鸡肉_一些工作_ 许多作业_三、选择填空（ ）1.There on the wall .They are beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo （ ）2. This kind of car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were （ ）3. 11. In Britain _ are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box （ ）4. Thats art book. A. an B. a C. the （ ）5. The boys have got already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread （ ）6. The old man wants . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples （ ）7. There some in the river. A. is ,fish B. are, fishes C. are ,fish（ ）8. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch （ ）9. We should clean twice a day. A .our