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英语语法知识框架总结及常见的语法概念
1. 词性:名词,代词,冠词,数词,形容词,副词,动词, 介词, 连词,
感叹词
实词: 在句子中能够独立充当句子成分的称作实词。
实词: 名词,代词,数词,形容词,副词,动词
虚词: 在句子中不能够单独使用充当句子成分的称之为虚词。
虚词:冠词,介词, 连词,感叹词
2. 时态: 英语中共有16个时态,常见的是八种时态
一般现在时 do/ does
一般过去时 did
现在进行时: am/ is/ are doing
过去进行时 : was/ were doing
一般将来时: will do
过去将来时: would do
现在完成时: have/ has done
过去完成时: had done
Ps: 我们可以看到,在英语中产生十六种时态的根源在于时间状语发生了不同的变化,而时间状语的改变落实到英语语法中就导致了谓语动词的形式发生不同的变化,因此我们可以说:时态它主要研究的是: 时间状语与谓语动词之间的关系。
3. 语态: 主动语态、被动语态
主动语态: 句子中的主语是谓语动词的发出者。
被动语态: 句子中的主语是谓语动词的承受者。
PS: 因此我们从主动语态和被动语态的定义中可以得出这样的结论:
语态它主要研究的是: 主语与谓语动词之间的关系。 而这种关系就是主动,和被动的关系。
4. 句子种类: 按照句子的成分划分,英语中的句子种类共分为两种:
简单句:含有一套主谓结构的句子,称之为简单句。
简单句的句子结构共分五种:
1. 主语+ 谓语 He came here yesterday.
2. 主语+系动词+表语 Seeing is Believing.
3. 主语+谓语+宾语 He dreamed I was in a beautiful house,
4. 主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 She gave me a book.
She gave a book to me.
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 (宾语的复合结构)
He found the room empty.
They named their child Jack.
Why do you often leave your bag at school.
并列句:
1. 由并列连词连接两个,或两个以上的简单句叫做并连句.
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
2. 从形式上,由分号连接的两个或两个以上的简单句叫做并列句。
Some are like fishes; some are like boats; some are like birds.
复合句:由从属连词连接具有主从关系的句子,叫做复合句。
1. 名词性从句 (主语从句: What I need is the money.
宾语从句:Do you know what happened yesterday?
表语从句: 同位语从句)
2. 定语从句 (形容词性从句: The man you met yesterday is my friend.)
3. 状语从句 ( 副词性从句 :
时间状语从句: When I was yong I’d listen to the radio, waiting for my favorite song.
地点状语从句: where there is a will, there is a way.
方式状语从句: I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
原因状语从句: Since you are the students, you must follow the school rules.
条件状语从句: If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the bus.
让步状语从句: He went on working though he was tired.
目的状语从句: I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
结果状语从句: He spoke so slowly that I understood him.
比较状语从句: The horse is getting old and cannot run so fast as it did.)
第一课时: 时态—— 现在完成时
谓语部分的构成方式: have/ has + done
所谓动词的过去分词的变化规则
1. 规则的与动词过去式一致 如: buy—bought—bought
Have—had—had
Leave—left—left
Live—lived—lived
Turn—turned—turned
Join—joined—joined
Arrive—arrived—arrived
2. 不规则变化 如: be—was/were—been
Go—went—gone
See—saw—seen
现在完成时概念:
1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
2. 表示动作是由过去的一个时间点起始一直持续到现在的动作或存在的状态。
已完成用法: 该动作已经完成,强调的现在完成时中的谓语动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
特点:1. 强调—影响性 2. 谓语动词---非延续性动词
1. I turned off the light after I left the room.
2. I have turned off the light already.
3
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