小学英语语法中的主谓一致.doc

小学英语语法中的主谓一致

　　1) 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
　　2) 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
　　3) 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，
　　一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。
　　There is much water in the thermos.
　　但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
　　Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
　 1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
　　Reading and writing are very important.
　　注意： 当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
　　The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
　　典型例题
　　The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
　　A. is B. was C. are D. were
　　答案B. 注： 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C.。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别， monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。
　 2 主谓一致中的靠近原则
　　1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
　　There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
　　There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
　　2)当either or 与neither nor， 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
　　Either you or she is to go.
　　Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
　　3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致
　　当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
　　The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
　　He as well as I wants to go boating
　　4 谓语需用单数
　　1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。
　　Each of us has a tape-recorder.
　　There is something wrong with my watch.
　　2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。
　　The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
　　天方夜谭 是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。
　　3) 表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。
　　Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
　　Ten yuan is enough.
　　5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数
　　1) 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
　　All is right.
　　All are present.
　　2) 集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。
　　His family isn t very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。
　　His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
　　但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
　　Are there any police around?
　　3)有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。
　　A number of +名词复数+复数动词。
　　The number of +名词复数+单数动词。
　　A number of books have lent out.
　　The majority of the students like English.
　　6 与后接名词或代词保持一致
　　1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。
　　Most of his money is spent on books.
　　Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
　　2) 在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
　　Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。
　　More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。