情态动词虚拟语气.docx

情态动词 虚拟语气
情态动词主要考点：
1.考查情态动词的基本用法
①shall

用于人称
意义
Shall
第一、三人称
征求对方的意见
第二、三人称
说话人给对方的警告、命令、允诺、威胁
用于法律、法规等条文中
应……，须……，得……
What shall we do this evening? 我们今天晚上做什么呢？
Shall he come in? 他可以进来吗？
You shall fail if you don’t work harder.你不更加努力工作，你就不会成功。（警告）
②will用于第二人称的疑问句中表示有礼貌的询问和请求; would 比 will更委婉, 其 回 答 用“will”
—Would you pass me the book?
—Yes, I will.
will表示现在反复发生的动作或某种倾向,would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，意为“总是”，“惯于”; used to表示过去常常, 现在已经没那样的习惯了。
Fish will die without water.鱼儿离开了水会死亡的。
He would come to see me on Sunday when he was in Beijing.每逢星期日他常来看我
③must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”，mustn’t表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。cannot 表示“不可能”; need not 表示“不必要”; may not 表示“可能不，可以不”。
You mustn't speak like that to your mother. 不准你那样对你母亲说话。
If you must know how old I am, I tell you that I’m twice my son’s age.
— Must I be home before eight o'clock? 八点之前我必须回家吗？
— Yes, you must.\No, you needn't./No, you don't have to.不，没必要/不必啦。
You can't be serious! 你怕不是在开玩笑吧！
④need作情态动词表示“需要、必须”, 通常用于否定句、疑问句、条件从句中，且只有现在时，其他时态用“have to”的相应形式代替
You needn't come tomorrow. 你明天没必要来了。
— Need he come now? 他现在就需要来吗？
--- Must he come tomorrow?
— Yes, he must. / No, he needn't / he doesn't have to.
⑤dare作情态动词表示“敢于”，用于否定、疑问句和条件句中。
She dare not go there.她不敢去那儿。
How dare he do such a thing? 他怎么敢做重要的事呢？
If he dare come, I will kick him out. 如果他胆敢来，我就把他踢出去。 　
⑥表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to,而不能用could; could可以表示过去的某种能力
The fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.
惯用形式 ：
①“ may (might)as well＋动词原形”表示“建议”，译为“还是……的为好” ，“不妨做……”
If that is the case, we may as well try.如果情况是这样的话，我们不妨试试看。
You might as well go home now.你还是现在回家为好。
②表示祝愿用may而不用might。采用部分倒装语序：may＋主语＋动词原形
May the friendship between our two peoples last forever!
③Why/How ＋should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解、感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟会”。
Why should you be so late? 你今天来得怎么这么晚？
④惯用短语“I dare say”意为“我敢说、我想、或许”。
I dare say he is right.我敢说他是对的。
⑤can not/can never…too… cannot…enough“无论怎么……也不为过分，越……越好，
Since it is a good thing, we cannot do it too soon.　既然是好事情，我们越早开始做越好。
⑥can’t help doing…,cannot help but do…,cannot but do…“禁不住，不由得，不得不”
I cannot help admiring the picture whenever I look at it.每当我看到这幅画时，我都禁不住要鉴赏它。
When a close friend dies, you cannot but feel sad.亲密的朋友去世时，你会不由得感到悲伤。
2.考查“情态动词+动词原形”表示推测的用法
①肯定的推测一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can)， 其中must的语气最强，表示按客观事实进行推测，译为“肯定”，should表示按常规、常理进行推测，意为“可能”或“应该”, 语气次之; may(might 的可能性较小些, 意为“或许会”；could语气最弱，译为“也许”。
They should arrive by one o’clock.到了一点钟，他们该回来了。
Peter ______come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
　②否定的推测：语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，译为“可能不”“也许不”;否定语气较强时，则用can’t，译为“根本不可能” 。
③疑问句中推测往往用can或could
Can it be true? 难道这是真的？
You can't be serious! 你怕不是在开玩笑吧！
Oh, dear, what on earth can this mean? 哎呀，亲爱的，这究竟是意味着什么？
3.考查“情态动词+动词不定式完成式”表示推测的用法
4.考查“情态动词+动词不定式完成式”的其他用法
　①should(ought to) have done：本应该做而实际没做。其否定形式表示某行为本不该发生却发生了。
　②needn’t have done：本来不必做的而实际上却做了
③could have done：本可以做而实际上未能做到, 含有遗憾的意味
If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.

虚拟语气主要考点：
1.虚拟条件句的基本结构及其用法
①与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
②与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
③与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句
2.虚拟语气的活用
①时间错综虚拟结构
If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.
②省略if的虚拟结构
Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.
③并列连词或副词暗示的虚拟结构
He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough.
He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball , otherwise he would have scored a goal.
④介词或介词短语暗示的虚拟结构
But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment.
Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.
⑤as if / as though方式状语从句中的虚拟语气
　　She treats Kate as if she were her own daughter.
　　They talked as if they had been friends for years.
⑥名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1) suggest, order, propose, request, require, demand, advise, insist+ 宾语从句(should )do
　　He suggested that we (should) save money for the future.
　　The undergraduate insisted that he c(should) go to work in the south.
　　注意：当suggest表示暗示，insist表示坚持观点,事实时，后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气。
　　His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.
　He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people’s health.
2) It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+ that主语从句(should) do
　　It is proposed that more students should go to university.
　3)My advice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+ is +表语从句(should)do
　　My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.　　
　4)His suggestion/advice/request/requirement…+ 同位语从句(should )do+ is..
　　The request that they should get more is reasonable.
　5) It is natural/necessary/strange +that从句 (should) do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。
　　It’s strange that he should have missed the train. (表竟然)
　　It is important that we should learn from others.(表理应如此)
　　It is a pity that he should not go with us.(表惊讶、不满)
6)wish + that clause (did/were 与现在相反)
　　wish + that clause (would/could/might + do与将来相反)
　 wish + that clause ( had done 与过去相反)
　　I wish I could go with them tomorrow.
　　I wish I had never met him.
7)分词和独立结构引导的虚拟语气
　　Given more than two hours, we could have done the work better.
8) 特殊句型中的的虚拟结构
◎It is (high/about) time + 从句(did或should do )
　　It is (high/about) time we went home.
　 ◎would rather + clause (did 与现在或将来相反);(had done 与过去相反)
　 I would rather you came tomorrow.
I would rather you hadn’t told her the news.
◎would like/was/were to have done something
had wanted\intended to do=wanted\intended to have done本打算做……
I would like to have attended the party, but one of my friends came to see me.

4