人教版新课标八年级上册英语知识点归纳.doc

人教版新课标八年级上册英语知识点归纳清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站： 清华大学英语教授研究组提供八年级上知识点总结Unit 1: How often do you exercise?【复习目标】会使用频率副词及短语；能描述课余时间的活动安排；会描述基本饮食结构。【语言目标】 What do you usually do on weekends? I sometimes go to the beach. How often do you eat vegetables? Every day. Most students do homework every day.【重点词汇】 always, usually , often, sometimes , hardly , ever, never. how often, once , twice , three times a week , every day.【应掌握的词组】1. go to the movies去看电影2. look after = take care of照顾3. surf the internet上网4. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式5. go skate boarding去滑板6. keep healthy=stay healthy保持健康7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports锻炼 8. eating habits饮食习惯9. take more exercise做更多的运动 10. the same as与什么相同11. be different from不同 12. once a month一月一次13. twice a week一周两次 14. make a difference to对什么有影响15. how often多久一次16. although = though虽然17. most of the students=most students18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping购物19. as for至于20. activity survey活动调查21. do homework做家庭作业22. do housework做家务事23. eat less meat吃更少的肉 24. junk food垃圾食物25. be good for对什么有益 26. be bad for对什么有害27. want to do sth想做某事 28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事29. try to do sth尽量做某事30. come home from school放学回家31. of course = certainly = sure当然 32. get good grades取得好成绩33. some advice 34. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不35. keep/be in good health保持健康 36.be stressed out紧张的，有压力的37. take a vacation去度假 48.get back回来【应掌握的句子】1. How often do you exercise?你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？How often +助动词do(does或did) +主语+ do sth.?疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词do(does或did)是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once, twice, three times, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month等。翻译：“你们多久到工厂去一次？”“每星期两次。” “How often do you go to the factory?” “Twice a week. ”“他们多长时间举办一次舞会？”“通常每两周举办一次。”“How often do they have a dancing party?” “Usually, once every other week.”“他多久去购一次物？”“一个月一次。”“How often does he go shopping?” “He goes shopping once a month.”2. “What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”第一个do为助动词,在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。翻译：What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to themovies. What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes gohiking. 3. “Whats your favorite program?” “Its Animal World.”=What program do you like best? “你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .as for.意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如：As for him，I never want to see him here.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。 As for the story，youd better not believe it.关于那故事，你最好不要相信。翻译：至于我自己，我现在不想去。(As for myself, I dont want to go now. )至于那个人，我什么都不知道。(As for the man, I know nothing about him.)5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？The teacher doesnt want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。6. She says its good for my health.be good for.表示“对有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for.。（这里for是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：Its good for us to do more reading.多读书对我们有好处。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。7. How many hours do you sleep every night?8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .9. My eating habits are pretty good .这里pretty相当于very。10. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”，不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。如: Youd better try doing the experiment in another way.你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级13. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as / be different from 14. What sports do you play ?15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health .keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy16. You must try to eat less meat .try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级17. That sounds interesting.这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good.这味道好。The music sounds very sweet.这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier.烟雾变得越来越浓了。【词语辨析】一、maybe / may be1. The baby is crying she is hungry.2. The womana teacher .maybe是副词，意为“大概，可能，或许”，一般用于句首。May be是情态动词，意为“可能是.，也许是.，大概是.”.二、a few / few / a little / little1. people can live to 100,butpeople can live to 150.2. There is time left, I dont catch the first bus.3. Could you give me milk?a few (少数的，几个，一些)a little (一点儿，少量)表示肯定few (很少的，几乎没有的)little (很少的，几乎没有的)表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词三、none / no one1、 of the pens are mine .2、 is in the classroom.none指人或物，强调数量，用how many提问，常与of连用。no one多指人，强调“无人”这种状态，用who提问，不可与of连用，作主语时，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。四、hard / hardly1. The ground is tooto dig2. I can understand them.3. Its raining,the people cango outside. hard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。Hardly意为“几乎不”。Unit 2 Whats the matter?【复习目标】掌握身体各部位名称的英文表达方式能表述身体的种种不适以及对他人身体的种种不适给予适当的建议【语言目标】 Whats the matter? I have a headache. You should drink some tea. The sounds like a good idea. I have a sore back. Thats too bad . I hope you feel better soon.【重点词汇】 head, nose, eye, ear, tooth, neck, stomach, back, leg, arm, foot, throat thirsty, stressed out,/ dentist, lie, rest, honey, water, illness, advice. cold, fever, headache, toothache, stomachache, sore throat【应掌握的词组】1. Have a cold感冒 2. sore back背痛3. neck and neck并驾齐驱，齐头并进4. I have a stomachache我胃痛= I have got a stomachache = There is something wrong with my stomach= My stomach hurts = I have (got) a pain in my stomach5. Whats the matter?怎么了？= Whats the trouble (with you)? = Whats your trouble?= Whats wrong (with you)?= What the matter (with you)? =What has happened to you?= Is there anything wrong (with you)? = whats up?6. sore throat咽喉痛 7. lie down and rest躺下休息8. see a dentist看牙医 9. drink lots of water多喝水10. hot tea with honey加蜂蜜的热茶 11.Thats a good idea好主意12.Thats too bad太糟糕了 13.I think so我认为如此14. Im not feeling well.我觉得不太舒服= Im not feeling fine/all right. = Im feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad.= I dont feel well.15. get some rest多休息 16. I have no idea = I dont know我不知道17. stressed out筋疲力尽 18. I am tired我累了He is tired.他累了19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式 20. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医21. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和 22. you have too much yin.你阴气太盛23. to eat a balance diet饮食平衡 24. healthy food健康食品25. stay healthy保持健康=keep healthy=keep in good health = keep fit26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself反身代词)玩得高兴，过得愉快=have a good time = have a wonderful time = have fun27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like doing sth practice doing sth.练习做某事，mind doing sth.介意做某事， finish doing sth.完成某事，give up doing sth.放弃做某事， cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事，keep doing sth.坚持做某事.（keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth.）be busy doing sth.忙着做某事 be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事make a contribution to doing sth.为.做贡献go on doing sth.继续做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事remember doing sth.记得做过某事spend.(in) doing sth.花（时间）来做某事prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起（做.）来更愿意（做.）28. at the moment = now此刻 29. Host family东道家庭30. Conversation practice会话练习 31. Im sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过【应掌握的句子】1Whats the matter? I have a bad cold.你怎么了？我得了重感冒。翻译：他怎么了？他胃痛。魏芳怎么了？她背痛。2Maybe you should see a dentist.或许你应该看牙医。翻译：我应该上床睡觉。 李平应该躺下休息。我们不应该上课吃东西。We shoudnt eat food in class,3I hope you feel better soon.我希望你很快好起来。翻译：我希望他明天能来。I hope you will come here tomorrow.4Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy.传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和以保持身体健康。翻译：老师认为我们应该努力学习以取得好成绩。 Teachers think we should study hard to get good grade.我相信每天晚上睡眠8个小时很重要。5Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this.吃党参和黄芪等草本植物也对这有好处。翻译：吃一些蔬菜和水果对你的健康有好处。看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.6People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.太紧张易怒的人或许吃了太多的阳性食物。7Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and its important to eat a balanced diet.有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。翻译：学好英语不是很容易的。Its not easy to study English. 上课注意听讲是必要的。完成作业也很重要。8When you are tired, you shouldnt go out at night.疲倦时，晚上你不该外出。翻译：他小的时候就知道应该努力学习。 他5岁就上学了。我们进教室时，老师已经开始讲课了。9I believe him, but I cant believe in him.他的话是真的，但是我不信任他这个人。10I am not feeling very well at the moment.这段时间我感觉不大好。Im tired and I have a lot of headaches.我很疲劳，而且经常头痛。11Im stressed out because my Mandarin isnt improving.我很容易紧张，因为普通话没有长进。12I practice playing the piano every day.我每天练习弹钢琴。翻译：他每天练习踢足球。I practice playing soccer every day. 我们应该每天练习说英语。 13She had finished writing the letter when I went in.我进去时，她已经写完信了。翻译：他踢完足球去游泳了。我洗完餐具后去商店了。 14The doctor asked him to give up smoking.医生叫他戒烟。翻译：不要放弃学英语。Dont give up studying English.15Do you mind closing the window?请把窗户关上好吗？翻译：在这里吸烟你介意吗？Do you mind smoking here? 16Mary couldnt help laughing at his jokes.对于他的玩笑，玛莉忍不住笑了。翻译：听到这个消息，我忍不住哭了起来。17They kept working though it was raining.尽管天在下雨，他们仍坚持工作。翻译：我们应该坚持学英语。Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?【复习目标】会使用现在进行时态表示未来计划会使用wh-特殊疑问句【语言目标】 What are you doing for vacation?Im spending time with my friends. When are you going?Im going next week. How long are you staying?Were staying for two weeks.【重点词汇】 babysitting, going sightseeing, going fishing how long / plan, decide / at home, get back【应掌握的词组】1. babysit ones sister照顾妹妹 2. visit ones grandmother看望奶奶3. spend time with friends和朋友们一起度过时光 4. visit cousins看望表弟等5. go to sports camp去运动野营6. o to the beach去海滩7. go camping去野营8. Go shopping去买东西 9. go swimming去游泳10. go boating去划船 11. go skating去溜冰12. go walking去散步13. go climbing去登山14. go dancing去跳舞 15. go hiking去徒步远足16. go sightseeing去观光go bike riding骑自行车旅行，go fishing去钓鱼17. go house-hunting去找房子18. o on a hike徒步旅行，19. do some shopping买东西 20. do some washing洗衣服21. do some cooking作饭 22. do some reading读书23. do some speaking训练口语 24. do some sewing做缝纫活25. that sounds nice那好极了 26. at home在家27. how about=what about 怎么样？ 28. how long多长时间29. how far多远 30. how often多长时间一次31. how much, how many多少 32. have a good time=have fun= have a wonderful time= enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快33. show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb.出示某物给某人看give me the book=give the book to me给我书，pass me the cup=pass the cup to me把杯子递给我，sell me the house=sell the house to me把房子卖给我buy me a book =buy a book for me给我买书，make me a cake = make a cake for me给我做蛋糕34. get back=come back回来 35. rent videos租借影碟36. take walks=go for a walk散步 37. think about考虑38. decide on= decide upon决定一个计划 39. something different不同的事情40a great vacation一个愉快的假期 41. I cant wait我等不及了42. the famous movie star著名的影星 43. an exciting vacation激动人心的假期44. Ask her about her plans向她询问她的计划ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事45. forget to do sth.忘记要做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事【应该掌握的句子】1What are you doing for vacation? Im babysitting my sister.假期你要做什么？我要照顾我的妹妹。翻译：周末他要做什么？他要去滑划板。李平假期要做什么？他要去野营。2Who are you going with? Im going with my parents.你要和谁一起去？我要和父母一起去。翻译：王林要和谁一起去观光？他要和他的朋友们一起去。 我要和同学们一起去游泳。我和父母要去游览长城。3When is he going camping? He is going on the 12th of February, 2005.4Im going to Tibet for a week.我要去西藏一周。翻译：你要去西藏多长时间？他们假期要在家里呆一个月。5What are you doing there? Im going hiking in the mountains.你在那里要做什么？我要在山区里远足。6Show me your photos when we get back to school.我们返回学校时，你把照片拿给我看。翻译：我来把我的新照片拿给你看看。他长大时想当一名时装杂志的记者。7Where are you going for vacation? Im going toHawaiifor vac