第一周 名 词（语法要点精析+高频考点领悟+专题过关检测）.doc

第一周名词一、名词词义辨析1形近词的词义辨析symptom(症状)similarity(类似)sample(样本) shadow(影子)sympathy(同情) symbol(象征，符号)symptom(症状) system(系统)commitment(承诺，奉献) competition(竞争)ambition(野心) company(陪伴)It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any symptom.(2012 湖北高考)定期去医院检查眼睛，看有没有出现没有任何症状的那些眼病，是重要的。2相同词缀的名词辨析expression(表达；表情) attention(注意)satisfaction(满意) impression(印象)expectation(期望) reputation(声誉)contribution(贡献) civilization (文明)accommodation(住宿) occupation(职业)adaptation(适应，改编) appreciation(欣赏)equipment(设备) arrangement(安排)assessment(评估，估算) entertainment(娱乐)My first impression of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.(2012山东高考)我对他的第一印象是他是一个善良且有思想的年轻人。3意义相近词的辨析strength(长处) talent(天赋)ability(能力) skill(技能)advice questionoffer ideaanger rudenessregret panic(惊慌)“Tommy, run！Be quick！The house is on fire！”the mother shouted, with panic clearly in her voice.“汤米，跑！快跑！房子着火了！”妈妈大声喊道。她的声音里显然带着恐慌。4无一定关联性的名词词义辨析curiosity(好奇) satisfaction(满意)envy(羡慕) patience(耐心)difference comparison(比较)connection barrier(屏障，障碍)luck valuetime factIt shows that you have no curiosity or interest in the organization.这意味着你对该公司没有什么好奇心或兴趣。二、名词的固定搭配1动词have, take, make, pay, play, put, give, get等加名词构成的短语have a good reputation有个好名声have a feeling of 有感觉have access to 可以获得take advantage of 利用，趁之机take a turn 转变get relief 得到缓解The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good reputation.(2010江苏高考)这位医生在治疗心脏病上技术高超而且从来不收病人任何礼物，因此享有较高声誉。2介词后加名词构成的短语in great demand 需求量很大in progress 在进行中out of touch 与无联系beyond recognition 辨认不出来As the football match was in progress, we kept cheering on both teams.足球赛进行时，我们不断地喊叫，为双方加油。三、抽象名词具体化1表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有单词抽象名词具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素failure失败失败的人或事物 surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情Its a good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.(2012福建高考)对于人们来说，欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。2有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词物质名词可数名词物质名词可数名词drink饮料two drinks两杯饮料sugar糖a sugar一块糖coffee咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡paper纸a paper一张报纸；一篇论文tea茶two teas两杯茶hair头发a hair一根头发I knocked over the tea cup and it fell on the mobile phone.You should never put drinks near a phone.我把茶杯碰倒了，它落在了那部手机上。你永远都不应该把饮料放到手机附近。考点一 名词词义辨析，包括形近、同缀、意近和无关联词1(2013湖北高考)Poetry written from the _ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.AperspectiveBpriorityCparticipation Dprivilege解析：选A句意：从都市年轻人的视角写的诗歌往往显示出了他们因为缺少归属感而带来的焦虑。perspective“视角，观点”；priority“优先(权)，优先事项”；participation“参加，参与”；privilege“特权，优惠”。根据句意可知，A项正确。2(2013江西高考)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with _.Acuriosity BsatisfactionCenvy Dpatience解析：选D句意：无论什么时候我犯了错误，老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。patience“耐心”，符合句意。curiosity“好奇心”；satisfaction“满意，满足”；envy“嫉妒”。考点二 名词构成的固定搭配，尤其是高频的“动词名词”与“介词名词”的短语搭配3(2013江苏高考)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a _ for the better.Ashare BchanceCturn Dlead解析：选C根据句中的for the better可知，美国的饮食文化将向更好的方面转变，因此选turn。share“份额”；chance“机会”；lead“榜样”。4(2011江苏高考)Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.A.consequence BindependenceCcompetence Dintelligence解析：选C句意：为了保持专业能力，老师需要不断地更新他们的知识。competence“能力”，符合句意。consequence“结果”；independence“独立”；intelligence“智力”。考点三 名词的一词多义与熟词新义5(2011山东高考)Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine.Arelief BsafetyCdefense Dshelter解析：选A句意：那些患头痛的人，服用此药后症状会得到缓解。relief的常见含义为“安慰，宽慰”，此处表示“缓解”。6(2010江西高考) Whats the_， in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself? Asympathy BthemeCobject Dpoint解析：选D句意：依你看，如果他都不努力帮他自己，那我们帮他还有什么意义呢？whats the point of .表示“的意义是什么？”。sympathy“同情”， theme“主题”， object“物体”，均与句意不符。 考点四 抽象名词具体化7(2012山东高考)Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times. Athe; the Ba; aCa; 不填 D不填； a解析：选B不可数名词可以和不定冠词连用，表示名词的具体化。句中的a drink表示“一杯饮料”，后面的a comfort意为“一件安慰的事”。句意：在那些难熬的时光中，能买得起一杯饮料是一个莫大的安慰。1(2014合肥一中检测)Buckingham Palace is a great tourist _， drawing millions of visitors every year.AattentionBattractionCappointment Darrangement解析：选B句意：白金汉宫是一个著名的旅游景点，每年都吸引上百万游客前去参观。tourist attraction“旅游景点”，是固定短语，符合句意。A项“注意，关心”；C项“任命，约定”；D项“安排”。2If you dont take away your things from the desk, there wont be enough _ for my dictionary.Aarea BplaceCspace Dsurface解析：选Carea通常指(地方、城市、国家、世界的)地区或地域；place指位置、地点、场所；space常指(可利用的)空地、空间等；surface指表面、表层、外观。句意：如果你不把桌子上你的东西拿走，我的字典就没有足够的空间放了。故选C项。3(2014苏南五校联考)Nowadays, few people form the habit of keeping a supply of candles in the house in case of power _.Adrop BfailureClack Dabsence解析：选B句意：现在很少有人养成在家存放蜡烛以防停电的习惯。power failure“停电”，故选B项。4Do you think I should wear a hat to the party?It all depends on your own _.Apersonality BpreferenceCconvenience Dselection解析：选BA项“个性，品格”；B项“偏爱，优先权”；C项“方便，便利”；D项“选择，挑选”。句意：“你认为我应该戴顶帽子去参加舞会吗？”“这完全取决于你的个人喜好。”根据句意可知B项正确。5(2014宿迁毕业班质量预测)The notes for vocabulary are very exact, which could help readers to break the language _ directly and effectively.Aregulation BconventionCpattern Dbarrier解析：选D句意：词汇的注释非常精确，能够直接有效地帮助读者打破语言障碍。regulation“规则，条例”；convention“惯例，常规”；pattern“模式，方式”；barrier“障碍”。根据句意可知D项正确。6(2014皖南八校联考)She was in a _ as to whether to tell her son the truth that he was adopted or not.Adilemma BprocedureCprocess Dmanner解析：选A句意：对于是否要告诉儿子他是被收养的这个事实，她感到左右为难。dilemma“(进退两难的)窘境，困境”，符合句意。7The hero bus driver in Hangzhou died yesterday.Yes, news came as _ to me.Ashock Ba shockCthe shock Dshocks解析：选Bshock意为“震惊”；a shock意为“一件令人震惊的事情”。8(2014武汉名校调研)Finding information in todays world is easy.The _ is how you can tell whether the information you get is useful or not.Aability BcompetitionCchallenge Dknowledge解析：选C句意：当今世界，获取信息很容易，难在如何判断你所获取的信息是否有用。challenge“挑战”，符合句意。9(2014南师大附中模拟)Which _ did you participate in, Mike?The high jump and the long jump, but I didnt win either of them.Aaffairs BincidentsCmatters Devents解析：选D句意：“麦克，你参加了什么项目？”“跳高和跳远，但是我一项也没赢。”affair“事务”；incident“小事；事件”；matter“事情”；event“重大事件；比赛项目”。10(2014福州三中模拟)After the 8.0magnitude(八级) earthquake, a lot of people lost _ with their relatives.Acontent BcontextCcontact Dcontest 解析：选C句意：8级地震后，很多人和亲属失去了联系。lose contact with“与失去联系”，符合句意。content“内容”；context“语境”；contest“抗议”。