1、完形填空专练完形填空专练1/31高考英语完形填空趋势从近几年全国高考完形填空来看,已经不再考评学生语法方面知识了,而是从语义搭配、结构搭配、惯用搭配及逻辑知识等方面来测试学生词汇掌握及利用。而且有些词选择,必须在了解整篇文章基础上,才能作出正确判断。2/31高考英语完形填空命题特点1.短文长度200词左右,生词少,难度适中。2.首句无空格,提供语境。5-10词设一人名、地名、日期、数字不在之列。隔词数越少,题目越难;反之亦然。3.选项多为一词,偶会为词组。四选项为同一类 词或属同一范围,或近义或形异义,或与前 后配成词组。故干扰性、迷性大。3/31高考英语完形填空命题特点4.考查单词以实词(v
2、.,n.,adj.,adv,pron.)为主,虚词(conj.,prep.)为辅。实词普通占80%-90%,其中又以动、名、形为主。5.以考查学生对文章整体了解和词汇意义把握为主。有些要结合常识才能正确选项;有些甚至要求在通篇了解基础上,正确把握上下文逻辑关系,才能正确判断和选择。4/31-完形填空题选项分布试卷动词形容词副词 名词代词介词连词0074141300154640010282440020385330010484241010571340325/31完形填空解题步骤完形填空解题步骤通览通览-试填试填-复核复核 1 通览通览-速度全文,把握大意速度全文,把握大意 快速阅读一下全文,经过通
3、览全文、领会大意,快速阅读一下全文,经过通览全文、领会大意,概略地了解文章体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情概略地了解文章体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作格调等等。节、写作格调等等。2 试填试填-紧紧围绕文意,瞻前顾后紧紧围绕文意,瞻前顾后 先易后难,逐层深入。紧紧围绕全文内容,联络先易后难,逐层深入。紧紧围绕全文内容,联络上下文和语境,展开逻辑推理,注意从上下文中寻上下文和语境,展开逻辑推理,注意从上下文中寻找线索,注意词汇意义、搭配,惯使用方法,语法,找线索,注意词汇意义、搭配,惯使用方法,语法,常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。6/313 复核复核-全方面检验,全
4、方面检验,确保语意连贯,用词准确保语意连贯,用词准确确 试填后,要把全文再通读一遍试填后,要把全文再通读一遍,注,注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。整、首尾呼应。7/31解题技巧解题技巧1.充分利用文章上下文和前后句,找到对选择充分利用文章上下文和前后句,找到对选择有有提醒作用词或句提醒作用词或句。(同义词或反义词)。(同义词或反义词)2.注意固定搭配注意固定搭配3.注意同义词辨义注意同义词辨义4.依据动作发出者确定所选词依据动作发出者确定所选词5.依据上下文逻辑关系确
5、定选项依据上下文逻辑关系确定选项6.依据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项依据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项7.利用语法知识选出正确选项利用语法知识选出正确选项8/31解题技巧解题技巧1 充分利用文章上下文和前后句,找到对选择充分利用文章上下文和前后句,找到对选择有提醒作用词或句。这些词有可能是同义词或有提醒作用词或句。这些词有可能是同义词或反义词。反义词。1)Many old people dont have good _.They cant watch TV,but they can listen to music or news over the radio.A hearing B health
6、 C eyesight D time9/312)Some parts of the water are very shallow.But in some places it is very,very_.A.deep B.high C.cold D.dangerous依据转折连词依据转折连词but提醒,所选词应与提醒,所选词应与shallow相反,所以选相反,所以选A10/313)I climbed the stairs slowly,carrying a big suitcase,my father following with two more.By the time I got to th
7、e third floor,I was_ and at the same time feeling lonely.(NMET 第第26小题)小题)A helpless B lazy C anxious D tiredD11/314)and then both ended up from the same high school,just three weeks before_,Bill asked Mark if they could talk.(北京春季卷第北京春季卷第45小小题)题)A graduation B movement C separation D vacationA12/312
8、 注意固定搭配,包含动词与介词搭注意固定搭配,包含动词与介词搭配、动词与名词搭配以及形容词与名配、动词与名词搭配以及形容词与名词搭配等,同时要依据内容选择正确词搭配等,同时要依据内容选择正确短语。短语。1)The city(Washington)was named_George Washington,the first president of the United States.A.by B.for C.as D.after 13/312)It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang.Mrs Clarke was _tea at the time.
9、A.cooking B.making C.burning D.serving14/313)Mark_ down and helped the boy pick up these articles.(北京北京 春春 50小题)小题)A.fell B.sat C.lay D.knelt15/314)Eds been the least physically fit member in the family,and_ proud of himself.(NMET第第42题)题)A.strangely B.personally C.reasonably D.eagerly16/315),but the
10、y are _ damage to our houses and shops of historical interest,Said John Norris,one of the protesters.(NMET1999第第30题题)A doing B raising C putting D producing 17/313 注意同义词辨义注意同义词辨义1)Soon I heard a _ like that of a door burst in,and then a climb of feet.A.sound B.cry C.voice D.shout18/312)The boy was _
11、 _ the water and his canoe was _ away.A on B within C in D under A running B floating C flowing D pulling19/313).Give me a hand,he shouted_ he got near the boat.A.while B.till C.for D.as四个选项都能够表示时间。四个选项都能够表示时间。while强调一段时间强调一段时间内进行动作,常与进行时连用;内进行动作,常与进行时连用;till表示是动作表示是动作连续到某时或到某时才开始;连续到某时或到某时才开始;for表示
12、是动作连表示是动作连续了一段时间;续了一段时间;as连接是一个与谓语动作几乎连接是一个与谓语动作几乎同时发生动词。答案应选同时发生动词。答案应选D,表示他一边向船靠,表示他一边向船靠近一边大声喊。近一边大声喊。20/314.依据动作发出者确定所选词依据动作发出者确定所选词1).And video cameras can be used to _peoples actions at home.A.keep B.make C.record D.watch21/312).When the papers were_ she discovered that twelve boys had made ex
13、actly the same mistakes throughout the test.A.collected B.completed C.marked D.answered22/313).Japan is an island country and its_ go all over the Pacific looking for fish to _.A.fishing boats B.lifeboats C.planes D.trains A.buy B.catch C.hold D.weigh 只有只有fishing boats能够到太平洋打鱼,能够到太平洋打鱼,所以第一个空答案所以第一个
14、空答案A为。打鱼用动词为。打鱼用动词catch,第二个空答案为,第二个空答案为B。23/315 依据上下文逻辑关系确定选项依据上下文逻辑关系确定选项 有时,选项中所给四个词为表示上下文逻辑关系有时,选项中所给四个词为表示上下文逻辑关系连接性词语,它包括到文章起承转合、上下连贯。这连接性词语,它包括到文章起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系了解,如转折关类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系了解,如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。较关系以及对比关系等。常见承接语有常见承接语有and,but,how
15、ever,so,therefore,等。其等。其中中for one thingfor another等连接词表示列举;等连接词表示列举;Firstand then,FirstNextThenFinally用来用来按次序描述时间发生过程;按次序描述时间发生过程;anyhow,still,though,although表示让步关系;表示让步关系;therefore,so表结果;表结果;because,since,due to,owing to表原因,等等。表原因,等等。24/311).A transistor radio is sometimes very small.It is very eas
16、y to carry_,radio broadcasts are better for blind people.A.Besides B.However C.Yet D.Sometimes2).At first nothing happened,_suddenly a large rat rushed out ofthe A.and B.or C.so D.then 25/313).My main responsibility(职责)职责)were clearing tables and washing dishes,_sometimes I helped cook.(北京北京 第第40题)题
17、)A.or B.so C.but D.even26/316 依据生活常识以及相关知识确定选依据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项项1)The space is left to let the railexpand(膨胀)(膨胀)when it gets _.A.wet B.cold C.hot D.dry27/312),you _the international dateline.By agreement,this is the point where a new day_.A.see B.cross C.are D.are stopped by_A.is coming B is discover
18、ed C.is invented D.beginsthe international dateline是是国际日期变国际日期变更线更线,是人们所要求,看不见,摸不着,是人们所要求,看不见,摸不着,不过能够越过。它是新一天开始地方。答案分不过能够越过。它是新一天开始地方。答案分别为别为B 和和D28/317 利用语法知识选出正确选项利用语法知识选出正确选项1)When Ed first phoned and _ we play,I laughed quietly,figuring on an easy victory.(NMET,37题)题)A.declared B.mentioned C.persuaded D.suggested29/312).I realized that_ I had done that I would have lost a new friend and missed all the fun we would have together.(北京北京 春季春季 53题)题)A.before B.if C.while D.as3).As my father,_worked three jobs,once told me,(北京北京 54题)题)A.he B.that C.who D.whoever 30/3131/31