雅思阅读判断正误解析-.ppt

A类考试每次考1-2组，共5-10题左右。G类考试一般考3组，20题左右，最多的一次超过30题。所以，G类考生更应重视此种题型。1解题步骤STEP1：定位，找出题目在原文中的出处。：定位，找出题目在原文中的出处。（1）找出题目中的关键词，最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。将题目中的关键词与原文各段落的小标题或每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落，这必将大大加快解题时间，并提高准确率。但并不是每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的。（2）从头到尾快速阅读该段落，根据题目中的其它关键词，在原文中找出与题目相关的一句或几句话。确定一个段落后，答案在该段落中的具体位置是未知的。所以，需要从头到尾快速阅读该段落，找出该段落中与题目相关的一句话或几句话，通常是一句话。（3）仔细阅读这一句话或几句话，根据第二大步中的原则和规律，确定正确答案。（4）要注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。题目是有顺序的。STEP2：判断，根据下列原则和规律，确定正确答案。大家可对号入座入座，加快解题的：判断，根据下列原则和规律，确定正确答案。大家可对号入座入座，加快解题的速度和准确率。但大家不要僵化理解。速度和准确率。但大家不要僵化理解。21True第一种情况：题目是原文的同义表达。通常用同义词或同义结构。例 1 原文：Few are more than five years old.译文：很少有超过五年的。题目：Most are less than five years old.译文：大多数都小于五年。例 2 原文：Frogs are losing the ecological battle for survival,and biologists are at a loss to explain their demise.译文：青蛙失去了生存下来的生态竞争能力，生物学家不能解 释它们的死亡。题目：Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying.译文：生物学家不能解释为什么青蛙死亡。31True第二种情况：题目是根据原文中的几句话做出推断或归纳。不推断不行，但有时有些同学会走入另一个极端，即自行推理或过度推理。例 1 原文：Compare our admission inclusive fare and see how much you save.Cheapest is not the best and value for money is guaranteed.If you compare our bargain Daybreak fares,beware-most of our competitors do not offer an all inclusive fare.题目：Daybreak fares are more expensive than most of their competitors.例2 原文：For example,it has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihood of arrest only if responses are in the order of 1-2 minutes after a call is received by the police.When response times increase to 3-4 minutes -still quite a rapid response-the likelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced.题目：A response delay of 1-2 minutes may have substantial influence on whether or not a suspected criminal is caught.42.False第一种情况：题目与原文直接相反。通常用反义词、not加同义词及反义结构。例 1 原文：A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies.题目：A species is said to be extinct when only one individual exists.例 2原文：It has been successfully used in the United States to provide input into resource exploitation decisions and assist wildlife managers and there is now enormous potential for using population viability to assist wildlife management in Australias forests.译文：在美国它已经成功地用于支持资源开发和帮助野生生命研究管理者。现 在，在使用它对澳大利亚的森林中的野生生物管理上有巨大的潜力。题目：PVA has been used in Australia for many years.译文：PVA已经在澳大利亚使用多年了。Professional Video Assistant数字视频录像播放机 polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇Professional Video Assistant Professional Video Assistant 52.False第二种情况：原文是多个条件并列，题目是其中一个条件（出现must或only）原文是两个或多个情形（通常是两种情形）都可以，常有bothand、and、or及also等词。题目是“必须”或“只有”其中一个情况，常有must及only等词。例 1原文：Booking in advance is strongly recommended as all Daybreak tours are subject to demand.Subject to availability,stand by tickets can be purchased from the driver.题目：Tickets must be bought in advance from an authorized Daybreak agent.例 2原文：Since the Winter Games began,55 out of 56 gold medals in the mens Nordic skiing events have been won by competitors from Scandinavia or the former Soviet Union.题目：Only Scandinavians have won gold medals in the mens winter Olympics.6大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流可以互相讨论下，但要小声点可以互相讨论下，但要小声点可以互相讨论下，但要小声点可以互相讨论下，但要小声点72.False第三种情况：原文为人们对与于某样事物的理论或感觉，题目则强调是客观事实或已被证明。原文强调是一种“理论”或“感觉”，常有、及等词。题目强调是一种“事实”，常有fact及prove等词。例 1原文：But generally winter sports were felt to be too specialized.题目：The Antwerp Games proved that winter sports were too specialized.例 2原文：Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are upsetting the breeding cycles of frogs.题目：It is a fact that frogs breeding cycles are upset by worldwide increases in temperature.82.False第四种情况：原文和题目中使用了表示不同范围、频率、可能性的词。原文中常用many（很多）、sometimes（有时）及unlikely（不太可能）等词。题目中常用all（全部）、usually（通常）、always（总是）、及impossible（完全不可能）等词。例 1 原文：Frogs are sometimes poisonous.题目：Frogs are usually poisonous.例 2 原文：Without a qualification from a reputable school or university,it is unlikely to find a good job.题目：It is impossible to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution.92.False第五种情况原文中包含条件状语，题目中去掉条件成份。原文中包含条件状语，如if、unless或if not也可能是用介词短语表示条件状语如in,with,but for或exept for。题目中去掉了这些表示条件状语的成份。这时，答案应为False。例 1原文：The Internet has often been criticized by the media as a hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users.题目：The media has often criticized the Internet because it is dangerous.103.NotGiven第一种情况：题目中的某些内容在原文中没有提及。题目中的某些内容在原文中找不到依据。113.NotGiven第二种情况：题目中涉及的范围小于原文涉及的范围，也就是更具体。原文涉及一个较大范围的范筹，而题目是一个具体概念。也就是说，题目中涉及的范围比原文要小。例1原文：Our computer club provides printer.题目：Our computer club provides color printer.例2原文：Tourists in Cyprus come mainly from Europe.译文：到塞浦路斯旅游的游客主要来自欧洲。题目：Tourists in Cyprus come mainly from the UK.译文：到塞浦路斯旅游的游客主要来英国。123.NotGiven第三种情况：原文是某人的目标、目的、想法、愿望、保证、发誓等，题目是事实。原文中常用aim（目的）、purpose（目的）、promise（保证）、swear（发誓）及vow（发誓）等词。题目中用实意动词。例 原文：He vowed he would never come back.题目：He never came back.133.NotGiven第四种情况：题目中有比较级，原文中没有比较。例1原文：In Sydney,a vast array of ethnic and local restaurants can be found to suit all palates and pockets.题目：There is now a greater variety of restaurants to choose from in Sydney than in the past.14NOTECE1 一定要依据原文，不能凭皆自己的知识。原文是判断的唯一根据。所以，无论你对文章内容或背景多么熟悉，或者你的知识多么丰富，都不能凭借自己的知识来确定答案。例1原文：His aim was to bring together,once every four years,athletes from all countries on the friendly fields of amateur sport.译文：他的目的是把各国的运动员每四年一次聚集到友好的业余运动的 赛场上。题目：Only amateur athletes are allowed to compete in the modern Olympics.译文：只有业余运动员被允许在现代奥运会中竞争。15NOTECE2 可以依据原文做适当的推断，但不能做无根据的自行推断或过度推断。有些题目需要根据原文做适当的推断，才能确定正确答案，但必须是根据原文来做推断，不能做毫无根据的推理。而且一般来讲，即使有推理，也只推一步，不要推得很深。有些阅读水平好的同学，如果不掌握前面的规律和方法，做这种题型反而错得更多，主要原因就是想得太多，或推理得太多和太深。16NOTECE3 要注意题目要求答什么。True/False/Not GivenT/F/NGYes/No/Not Given17NOTECE4 题目中若出现must、only、all及always，答案一般不会是True。题目中出现这些瓷很常见，95%的答案都不是True。笔者只遇到过一次题目中出现了must而答案为True的情况。题目中出现上述这些词，答案False是还是Not Given，就不一定，需要根据上面讲的规律再做判断，一般答案是False的比例更大一些。不看原文，下面几个题目的答案都是False。i.Europeans learned all of what they knew of edible,wild plants from Aborigines.ii.Before the dry plate process short exposures could only be achieved with cameras held in the hand.18NOTECE5 答案选择有一定的规律。A 题目数目在5个或5个以上时，三种答案都要出现。题目数目在5个以下时，则不一定。B 可以连续三题答案都一样，如都是Ture，但还没有连续四题答案都一样。连续三题都一样的情况也不多见，笔者只遇到过两次，一次都是Ture，一次都是Not Given。19NOTECE6.要相信自己的第一感觉，不要轻易改答案。在考试中，除非有特别强的理由，否则不要轻易改答案，人的第一感觉往往是正确的。很多同学都将正确的答案改错了。20 细化判断题步骤:1.从题干入手，划出定位词，圈出考点词2.回原文定位（定位包含定位词的一句话，或上下相关两句话）3.比对考点词，做出判断。一个判断题通常对应一句话。一个段落通常包含 1-2 个判断题。The plight of the rainforests has largely been ignored by the media.原文:In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage,it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforestsKey:FChildren only accept opinions on rainforests that they encounter in their classrooms.原文:In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage,it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforests-what and where they are,why they are important,what endangers them-independent of any formal tuition.Key:FIt has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the pure science that they study at school.原文:Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about pure,curriculum science.Key:T21The fact that childrens ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them.原文:These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted,but organised,conceptual framework,making it and the component ideas,some of which are erroneous,more robust but also accessible to modification.Key:TThe study involved asking children a number of yes/no questions such as Are there any rainforests in Africa?原文:Secondary school children were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions.The second question concerned the geographical location of rainforests.The commonest responses were continents or countries:Africa(given by 43%of children),South America(30%),Brazil(25%).Key:F22Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforests destruction.原文:More girls(70%)than boys(60%)raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitats.Similarly,but at a lower level,more girls(13%)than boys(5%)said that rainforests provided human habitats.Key:NGThe study reported here follows on from a series of studies that have looked at childrens understanding of rainforests.原文:These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils views about the use and conservation of rainforests.Key:T23