初中英语情态动词精讲+精练+答案.docx

情态动词【名师解难】一、考查情态动词的基本用法一些情态动词的常用的意义往往为高考考查的焦点，考生须准确理解其含义并根据句子意思选择正确的情态动词。1must和have to两者都表示“必须”的意思，但must含有说话人主观上的看法、态度；have to则表示客观上的需要。【考例】-Must we finish giving out the posters today?-Yes, we _. It cant be put off any longer. 太原市A. canB. mayC. must答案C。解析 此题考查情态动词的用法。回答由must引起的一般疑问句，其肯定答语要用must，不能用can或may。故选C。-I didnt pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing computer games recently.-I agree. You _ play like that any more. 河南省A. needntB. mustntC. may notD. wouldnt答案B。解析 此处选mustnt。表示“一定不能”“千万不能”，用较强的语气来提醒对方不能再玩游戏了。When traffic lights are red. We _stop and wait. 南京市A. mayB. canC. mustD. might.答案C。解析 考查情态动词，must必须，表示禁止。一I really like playing computer games! 一Im afraid you _stop，for your study and your health. 07宜昌市A. amB. willCmayDmust答案D。解析 答语意思为“为了你的学习和健康，恐怕你必须停止玩电脑游戏”，所以must最恰当。2can和could两者都可用来表能力，意为“能够，会”；可用来表示许可(常用在口语中)或表示怀疑、惊异、不相信等态度(常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。【考例】-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Of course you _.陕西省A. canB. mustC. shouldD. will答案A。解析 上文的could并不表示过去，而只是一种委婉的说法，所以答语用can更礼貌些。-Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom?-No. It _be Tom. He has gone to Paris. 长沙市A. may notB. needntC. cant答案C。解析 因为汤姆不在这里，所以不可能是他。一Mary，_you speak Chinese?一Yes，only a little北京市A mustB needC mayDcan答案D。解析 考查情态动词，“玛丽，你会说英语吗?“是的，会一点”。故选D。can表示能够。3shall和should shall用于第一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意：见；用于第二、三人称肯定句或否定句表示说话人给予对方的“禁止、命令、警告、允诺或威胁等”。 should用来表示建议、责任、义务时，可译为“应该，应当”，此时可用ought to替换；可用来表示惊讶、忧虑、赞叹等不满情绪(用在疑问句中)；还可用来委婉地陈述自己的意见。【考例】Schools _allow students at least one hour a day for sports. 安徽省A. would B. might C. should D. could答案C。解析 此处用情态动词should的用法。should表示“应当应该”的含义比其他三个词更强些。4had better和would rather“had better+动词原形”意为“最好做”，否定句式为had better not。“would rather+动词原形”意为“宁可，宁愿”，否定句式为would rather not。【考例】-Bob，may I _your MP4?一SureBut youd better not _it to others福州市Alend；lend B. lend；borrowC. borrow；borrow Dborrow；lend答案D。解析本题考查动词borrow和lend的区别.borrow和lend是一组反义词，都是“借”的意思，但相对句子主语来说，borrow意为“借人”；lend意为“借出”。由语境可判断前者是借入，用borrow后者是借出，用lend。-What about playing football this afternoon, Sam? -I would rather _ at home than football. Its too hot outside. 南京A. stay; playing B. stay; playC. to stay; to playD. to stay; playing答案：A。解析本题考查了would rather的固定短语的应用。译文为:萨姆，今天下午出去打球怎么样？和踢足球相比，我宁愿呆在家里，外面太热。Would rather do A than do B和做B比起来，宁愿做A。5used to “used to+动词原形”表示“过去常常做某事”或表示过去的一种惯常状态。【考例】He used to _ in the sun, but now he is used to at night. 兰州A. read, readB. reading, readC. read, readingD. reading, reading答案：C。解析考查固定结构的用法。Used 后接动词不定时，be used to 后接动名词。故选C。6need和dareYou _do it if you really dont want to. 昆明市A. needntB. mustntC. cantD. couldnt答案A。解析 考查情态动词。本题应由句意人手破解。如果你不想做的话，你“没有必要”做它，所以正确答案为A项。-May I do the rest of the work tomorrow?-Yea, of course. You _finish it today. 成都市A. mustB. mustntC. neednt答案C。解析思路分析：根据句意可知，neednt不必。二、考查情态动词表推测的用法1对现在或将来的推测用“情态动词+动词原形”。肯定的推测一般用must，should，may (might)或can(could)，其中，must的语气最强。意为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，意为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may(migt)，can(could)的语气最弱，意为“有时会”、“也许”、“可能”。否定推测分为两种情况：语气不很肯定时，常用maymightcould not，意为“可能不”、“也许不”；否定语气较强时，则用cant，意为“根本不可能”、“一定不能”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。【考例】You _be tired after working for eight hours without a rest. 广东省A. canB. mayC. mustD. need答案C。解析 本题考查情态动词must，can，may，need的区别。本题由题意人手，“你工作了八个小时没有休息肯定很累。”情态动词must在此表示肯定的推测。一Look at the boy running on the groundIs it Davis? It _be himI saw him go to the teachers office just now黄冈市AmustB. cantCcouldDmight答案B。解析 考查情态动词。表推测时否定句中用cant。表示“不可能”，因为他已经去了老师的办公室。【语法回顾】1 情态动词的语法特征1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2）情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。常见的情态动词有：can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared) , need等,另外,have to、had better也当作情态动词使用。情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。can 和be able to1）can/could 表示能力；可能（过去时用could）, 只用于现在式和过去式（could）。be able to可以用于各种时态。例如：They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。2）只用be able to的情况：a. 位于助动词后。b. 情态动词后。c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。d. 用于句首表示条件。e. 表示成功地做了某事时，用was/were able to，不能用could。例如：He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。注意：could有时不表示时态1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：- Could I have the television on? 我能看电视吗？- Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 可以/不可以。2）在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：He couldnt be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。may和might1）表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。例如：May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！He might be at home. 他可能在家。注意：might 表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比may 小。2）成语：may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为不妨。例如：If that is the case, we may as well try.如果情况确实如此，我们不妨试一试。have to和must1）两词都是必须的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。例如：My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）2）have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。例如：He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。3）否定结构中：dont have to表示不必，mustnt表示禁止。例如：You dont have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustnt tell him about it.你不得把这件事告诉他。must表示推测1） must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为一定。2） must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。例如：You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。比较：He must be staying there. 他现在肯定在那里。He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。3） must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。例如：I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。4） must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。例如：-Why didnt you answer my phone call? 为何不接我的电话？-Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didnt hear it.唉，肯定在睡觉，所以没有听见。5）否定推测用cant。例如：If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock, he cant be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。表示推测的用法can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：1）情态动词+动词原形，表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。例如：I dont know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 我不知道她在哪儿，可能在武汉。2）情态动词+动词现在进行时，表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。例如：At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 这时，想必我们老师正在批改试卷。should 和ought to除了上述的用法，两者还可表示想必一定，按理应该的意思。例如：I ought to be able to live on my salary. 靠我的薪水，想必也能维持了。It ought to be ready now. 想必现在准备好了吧。They should be there by now, I think. 现在他们该到那儿了。The poems should be out in a month at most. 诗集估计最多还有一个月就要出版了。had better表示最好，相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。例如：It is pretty cold. Youd better put on my coat. 天相当冷。你最好穿上我的外套。Shed better not play with the dog. 她最好不要玩耍那条狗。would rather表示宁愿would rather dowould rather not dowould rather than宁愿而不愿。还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示宁愿、宁可的意思。例如：If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school. 如果有选择的余地，我宁可辍学离开这个学校。I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 我宁愿呆在这儿，而不愿回家。will和would注意：1）would like；would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。例如：Would you like to go with me? 想和我一块去吗？2）Will you?Would you like? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。例如：Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吧。3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, wont you是一种委婉语气。Wont you sit down? 你不坐下吗？情态动词的回答方式问句肯定回答否定回答Need you?Yes, I must.No, I needntMust you?No, I dont have to.带to 的情态动词带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to （=must）, be able to，为六个。它们的疑问、否定形式应予以注意：Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month? 他们必须在月底前付帐单吗？She didnt use to play tennis before she was fourteen.在她十四岁前，她不会打网球。You ought not to have told her all about it.你不应该告诉他所有这件事。Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。need和dare这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。1）实义动词：need（需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth2）情态动词：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。例如：Need you go yet? 你要走了吗？Yes, I must. / No, I neednt.是的，我要走了/不，不急着走。【语法过关】1 _ I fill in the check-in form right now, sir? No, you neednt. You can complete it this afternoon.A. MayB. CanC. WouldD. Must2 Could I go to the movie this weekend，Dad?一Yes，you_But you have to come back before nineAshallBmustCneedDcan3Youplay with fire, Tom. Its dangerous.A. needntB. may notC. mustntD. wouldnt4As we know, fish _die out of water.A. mayB. is going toC. canD. will5 Shall I book some seats for the concert?_. Ive already done that.A. Yes, you mayB. No, you mustnt C. No, you needntD. Id rather not6I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. No, she _ be there. Ive just seen her there.A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. wouldnt7You _ worry about him. He will get well soon.A. needntB. cantC. mustntD. may not8Schools _allow students at least one hour a day for sportsAwouldBmightCshouldDcould9You _ open the door before the train gets into the station.A. dont have toB. mustntC. neednt D. may not10I was told to be here before eight.Oh ,you. Im sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan.AmustBcantCmayDneednt11May I take this book out of the reading room?.Please read it here.ACertainlyBNo, you needntCNo, you mustnt12Whos that woman with Ann?Im not sure. Itbe her motherA.mayB.canC.willD.must13Must I get up early tomorrow?No, _.A. you mustntB. I dont think you have toC. you cantD. you need14The room is so dirty. _ we clean it?Of course.A. WillB. WouldC. DoD. Shall15. You look tiredYoud better _a good sleepAhaveBhavingChadDto have【参考答案】1答案D解析：依据答语No, you neednt 可以推断出应选D。2答案：D解析：本题考查情态动词的用法，could表示委婉语气“可以，能”，相当于can。根据句意应选D。3答案C 解析：表示“绝对禁止，不允许”的意思。4答案A解析：表可能性只能用may。5答案C 解析：由Ive already done that可知，没必要做某事，应用No，you neednt.不，你不必做某事了。6答案A 解析：在表推测的否定句和疑问句中，此时要用can。7答案A 解析：neednt表示“ 不必，不用”；mustnt表示“ 禁止、不能”。依据题意：你不必担心她，和很快就会恢复。8答案：C解析：本题考查情态动词的用法。句意：学校应该允许学生一天至少运动一个小时。9答案B 解析：依据题意：在火车进站之前，你绝不能打开车门。表示“绝对禁止”，故应用B。10答案D 解析：依据题意：我被告知八点前到这儿。由后句对不起我没有告诉你我们已经改变计划了。可知你没必要。故选D。11答案 C 解析：依据题意：我可以把这书带出阅览室吗？可知答语应是No, you mustnt故应选C。12答案A 解析：由前句Im not sure.可知，表可能性只能用may。故选A。13答案B 解析：must用于一般疑问句时,其否定答语要用neednt 或dont have to,不能用mustnt. mustnt 表示的是“不允许”或“不应该”。故应选B。14答案D 解析：依据题意：房间太脏了。我们打扫一下好吗？用should来表示征求、询问。故应选D。15答案：A解析：had better后接动词原形，“最好做某事”，故选A。