初中英语词用法精讲+精练+答案.docx

1.不定冠词a/an的基本用法1.不定冠词(a,an)的基本用法用法示例在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物前This is a book.指人或事物的某一类别,以区别于其他种类A plane is a machine that can fly.泛指某人或某物A young man is waiting for you.用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前,表示“一阵、一份、一类、一场”等Therell be a strong wind in South China.用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前a knife and fork“a+序数词”表示“又一,再一”The cake is delicious and I would like a second one.用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前,有“每一”的意思five lessons a week2.不定冠词a,an的区别a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前a teacher,a good studentan用在以元音音素开头的单词前an apple tree,an interesting story注意:判断一个名词前用a还是用an,是根据其读音,而不是根据其字母。在26个字母中,前面用an的字母有:a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x,其他用a。要注意区别以“u”开头的单词:当“u”发/音时,单词前用an,如an umbrella,an unhappy boy;当“u”发/ju/音时,单词前用a,如a university,a useful book。3.含有a的常见固定词组a few/little/bit一点儿;have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest游泳/散步/谈话/看一看/跳舞/喝点东西/休息;have a cold感冒;have a good time玩得高兴;in a hurry匆忙;for a while一会儿;keep a diary记日记;do sb a favor帮助某人4.当名词被其他词修饰时,不定冠词a或an的位置应注意:(1)当名词被such,half,what,many等修饰时,不定冠词要放在这些词之后。He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.他离开得如此匆忙,以至于忘了关门。It took me half an hour to write the letter.写那封信花了我半个小时。What an interesting book it is!这是一本多么有趣的书啊!Many a man has gone to big cities for work.许多人都到大城市去打工了。(2)当单数名词前面的形容词前有so,how,too等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.她是这么好的一个女孩,她把那位盲人带到了车站。How nice a film this is!这是一部多么好的电影啊!(3)当名词前面有形容词和quite或very时,不定冠词置于quite之后,very之前。quite a good book一本十分好的书a very interesting story一个非常有趣的故事2.定冠词基本用法1.定冠词(the)的基本用法用法示例用于双方都知道的人或事物前Give me the book,please.用于特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物前Do you know the girl in red?表示世界上独一无二的事物The moon moves around the earth.用在序数词、形容词最高级前面以及对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级前The first lesson is very easy.He is the younger of the two boys.用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妻俩The Greens are watching TV now.用在单数可数名词前表一类人或事物The orange is orange.与某些形容词连用表一类人We should help the old.用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前,或由普通名词构成的专有名词之前the Great Wall,the Summer Palace用在表示方位或西洋乐器名称的名词之前I like playing the piano.记忆口诀:特指双熟悉,上文已提及,世上独无二,序数最高级,普通专有名,习语及乐器。2.用于某些固定短语中in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上;in the daytime在白天;in the end最后;all the time一直;at the same time同时;by the way顺便说一下;in the open air在户外;at the age of在岁时;at the beginning of在开始时;on the other side of在的另一边;in the middle of在中间;at the moment现在3.定冠词和不定冠词易混点(1)序数词前用定冠词与不定冠词的区别“the+序数词”表示“第几”;“a+序数词(first除外)”表示“又一,再一”。The apple is delicious,and I would like a second one.苹果很好吃,我想再吃一个。(2)a number of,the number ofa number of的意思是“一些”;the number of的意思是“的数目,的数量”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。A number of students like playing computer games.一些学生喜欢玩电脑游戏。The number of the students in our school is about 1,500.我们学校学生数目大约是1,500。练一练用冠词a或an填空 hour European country b s orange unusual story island new bike e-mail important invention useful book NBA player eight-year-old girl honest person【答案】1.an 2.a 3. a 4. an 4. an 5. an 6. an 7. an 8. a 9.an 10. an 11. a 12. an 13. an 14. an3.零冠词1.下列情况用零冠词不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时Animals cant live without water.某些专有名词,如人名、地名、国家名等前China is a great country.Mary lives in New York.名词前已有指示代词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等时Every student likes English in our class.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前This is Professor Li.在三餐、球类运动及名词之前I went to school without breakfast this morning.He often plays football after school.在由“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的词之前Nanjing RoadHainan Island在与by连用的交通工具名词前by carby train在公共假日、节日名称前New Years Day Womens Day2.在某些固定词组和习惯用语中,用零冠词day by day一天天;face to face面对面;side by side肩并肩;hand in hand手拉手;from beginning to end从头到尾;day and night日日夜夜;sooner or later迟早;husband and wife夫妻;at home 在家;by mistake 错误地;learn by heart 背诵;in sight看见;at first起初;at last最后;at once 立刻;by way of经由;at noon 在中午;on time准时;on foot 步行;on business出差;on holiday 在度假;in class 在课上;on show展览;go home回家;for example 例如;go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing 去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼练一练用a,an或the填空1.She ismost careful student in my class.2.He isshorter of the two boys.3.That iscar.4.atsame time同时;5.inmiddle of在中间;6.atmoment立刻,马上7.halfhour半小时【答案】1.the 2.the 3.a 4.the 5.the 6.the 7.an3.有定冠词和无定冠词的区别(1) go to school 去上学（是学生）go to the school 到学校去（不一定是学生）(2) at table 在吃饭at the table 在桌子旁(3) at school 在上学at the school 在学校里面(4) in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里(5) in front of （外部的）前面in the front of （内部的）前面(6) by sea 乘船by the sea 在海边(7) in prison 在坐牢in the prison 在监狱里面（不一是犯人）(8) by day 在白天by the day 按天计算中考试练1.Last summer I went to see _ Terracotta Army in Xian. It was fantastic.A. theB. anC. aD. /【答案】A【解析】考查定冠词的用法。句意为：去年夏天我去看了西安的秦始皇兵马俑。它真是太棒了。不定冠词a/an表示泛指；定冠词the表特指。秦始皇兵马俑是世界上独一无二的，其前需用定冠词the表特指。故选A2. Is Zootopia _ very interesting movie?Yes, it is. I like it very much.A. aB. anC. theD. /【答案】A【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。句意“疯狂动物城是_非常有趣的电影吗？”“是的，我非常喜欢看。”a,表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the，表特指；零冠词有特殊的用法，如用在三餐、球类运动等名词前。此处是泛指一部有趣的电影，且空后的very是以辅音音素开头的单词，故选A。3.I love singing and dancing. I want to be _ actor in the future.A. aB. anC. theD. /【答案】B【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。句意：我喜欢唱歌和跳舞。将来我想要成为_演员。actor在此表示泛指，且以元音音素开头。故选B。4.What _ wonderful American stamp!Yes, Li Bais Thoughts on a Silent Night (静夜思)has been put onto it.A. /B. theC. aD. an【答案】C【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。句意为：“多棒的_美国邮票啊！”“是的。李白的静夜思被放到上面了。”What引导的感叹句结构为：What a/an+ adj. +n.(主语+谓语)，wonderful以辅音音素开头。故选C。5.Have you seen the film Dad, where are we going?Yes. Its _ interesting one. A. aB. anC. theD. /【答案】B【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。句意：“你看过电影爸爸去哪儿吗？”“看过。它是_有趣的电影。”句中的one是代词,相当于film,是可数名词的单数形式,表示“一部电影”,其前需要加a或an。因为interesting是以元音音素开头的单词,所以需用an修饰。故选B。6. Cheer up！You will get _ A in the listening test.A. aB. theC. anD. /【答案】C【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。句意：加油！听力测试中你将得_A。此处表示泛指，且字母A为元音音素，故选C。7. Boys and girls, keep calm and be confident. I am sure all of you are _ excellent students.A. anB. aC. theD. /【答案】D【解析】考查零冠词的用法。句意：孩子们，保持冷静和自信。我相信你们都是优秀的学生。由students复数可知不用an/a修饰，这里也不是特指。故选D。8. Theres _ umbrella behind the door. Its made of silk.A. aB. anC. theD. /【答案】B【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。句意：门后面有_雨伞。它是丝绸制作的。空格处表示泛指，且umbrella是以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an，故选B。9. I think playing _ football is a good way to learn the spirit of teamwork.A. aB. /C. theD. an【答案】B【解析】考查零冠词的用法。句意：我认为踢足球是一个学习团队精神的好方法。football是球类，前不用冠词。故选B。10. Look! Whos the girl under the tree?Oh, she is my sister, Mary. She is _ lovely girl.A. the B. aC. / D. an【答案】B【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。句意“看！在树下的那个女孩是谁？”“哦，她是我的妹妹玛丽。她是一个可爱的女孩。此处表示泛指,且lovely以辅音音素开头，故选B。