2023年吉林省长春市中考英语真题 （解析版）.docx

2023年长春市初中学业水平考试
英语
本试卷包括五道大题，共8页。满分95分。考试时间为100分钟。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
2.答题时，考生务必按照考试要求在答题卡上的指定区域内作答，在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
一、基础知识（共15分）
I.单项选择。（15分）从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
1. James is _______ hard-working engineer. His spirit encourages us.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：詹姆斯是一位勤奋的工程师。他的精神鼓舞着我们。
考查冠词辨析。此处表示泛指，且hard是以辅音音素开头的，故选A。
2. Nothing is _______ than a glass of water when you are thirsty.
A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：当你口渴的时候，没有什么比一杯水更好的了。
考查形容词比较级。由比较级的标志词“than”可知，此处应使用形容词比较级nicer。故选B。
3. _______ of my parents can swim. They are going to learn it this summer.
A. Neither B. Either C. All D. None
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：我的父母都不会游泳。他们打算今年夏天学游泳。
考查代词辨析。Neither两者都不；Either两者之一；All三者或三者以上都；None三者或三者以上都不。根据“They are going to learn it this summer.”可知父母两人都不会游泳。故选A。
4. John Smith often looks through the news about _______ to know what’s on in the cinema.
A. films B. music C. books D. weather
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：约翰·史密斯经常浏览电影新闻，想知道电影院在上映什么。
考查名词辨析。films电影；music音乐；books书；weather天气。根据“o know what’s on in the cinema”可知想要知道电影院在上映什么，由此知道经常浏览电影新闻。故选A。
5. My friend can always _______ good ideas to solve his problems.
A. keep away from B. take care of C. get on with D. come up with
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：我的朋友总能想起好主意来解决他的问题。
考查动词短语。keep away from远离；take care of照顾；get on with相处；come up with想起。根据“good ideas to solve his problems”可知想起解决问题的好主意。故选D。
6. — _______ do you visit your grandparents?
— Once a week. I play chess with them every Sunday evening.
A. How often B. How much C. How long D. How far
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你多久拜访你的爷爷奶奶一次？——一周一次。我每个星期天晚上都和他们下棋。
考查疑问词组。How often多久一次；How much多少（钱）；How long多久；How far多远。根据“Once a week.”可知对频率提问，用How often。故选A。
7. This _______ be Alice’s guitar. Hers is still in my house.
A. should B. can’t C. must D. needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：这不可能是爱丽丝的吉他。她的还在我家里。
考查情态动词。should应该；can’t不可能；must必须，一定；needn’t不必。根据“Hers is still in my house.”可知此处表示语气强烈的否定推测，用can’t。故选B。
8. Could you please turn down the TV? Your father _______ on his article.
A. was working B. worked C. is working D. works
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：你能把电视的声音关小点吗？你父亲正在写他的文章。
考查时态。根据“Could you please turn down the TV?”可知现在正在写文章，用现在进行时，其结构为am/is/are doing。故选C。
9. There _______ some beautiful flowers on the teacher’s desk now.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：现在老师的桌子上有一些漂亮的花。
考查时态及主谓一致。主语“some beautiful flowers”是可数名词复数，be动词用复数，结合“now”可知用一般现在时，be动词用are。故选C。
10. We expect the world _______ China better after the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou.
A. understanding B. to understand C. understood D. understand
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：我们期待第19届杭州亚运会后，世界更好地了解中国。
考查非谓语动词。expect sb to do sth“期待某人做某事”，此空应填不定式，故选B。
11. — Which season do you like better in Changchun, winter or autumn?
— _______. I like playing with snow.
A. Yes, I do B. No, I don’t C. Winter D. Autumn
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你更喜欢长春的哪个季节，冬天还是秋天？——冬天。我喜欢玩雪。
考查疑问句。Yes, I do是的，我喜欢；No, I don’t不，我不喜欢；Winter冬天；Autumn秋天。根据“winter or autumn”可知，这是在两者中选择，直接回答自己的选择。结合“I like playing with snow”可知，应是喜欢在冬天玩雪，故选C。
12. It is really dangerous _______ people run the red traffic light.
A. if B. unless C. though D. until
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：如果人们闯红灯，是很危险的。
考查连词辨析。if如果；unless除非；though尽管；until直到……为止。“people run the red traffic light”是危险的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。
13. _______ good day! Why not take a walk along the sea?
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：多好的一天啊！为什么不去海边散步呢？
考查感叹句。中心词day是可数名词的单数形式，用what引导的感叹句结构：what+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主谓，故选B。
14. _______ less time on the phone at night, or you will find it hard to fall asleep.
A. Spend B. Spending C. To spend D. Spent
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：晚上少花点时间在电话上，否则你会发现很难入睡。
考查祈使句。根据“... less time on the phone at night, or you will find it hard to fall asleep.”可知此处是“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构，祈使句以动词原形开头。故选A。
15. — I wonder _______ this evening.
— What about the Sports Center? It’s big and clean.
A. where we can play basketball B. when we can play basketball
C. when can we play basketball D. where can we play basketball
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——我想知道今晚我们可以在哪里打篮球。——体育中心怎么样？它又大又干净。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除CD；再由“What about the Sports Center?”可知询问地点，用where引导宾语从句，排除B。故选A。
二、交际运用（共5分）
根据对话内容，运用所给的句子选项补全对话。选项中有一项是多余的
(After lunch, He Yu and Victor are in the office.)
He Yu: Hey, Victor. ____16____
Victor: I had a vegetable salad with eggs. It was fantastic.
He Yu: I like eggs, too. They are perfect for any meal of the day.
Victor: That’s right. Some people make boiled eggs.
He Yu: And others like fried eggs.
Victor: What about you? ____17____
He Yu: I like using eggs to make dan bing. I’m really good at it.
Victor: I have never had dan bing before. What’s that?
He Yu: ____18____ It’s delicious and it’s good for health.
Victor: Is it like the sandwich in my country?
He Yu: ____19____
Victor: I’d like to try it. ____20____
He Yu: Come to my home this weekend. I’ll cook it for you.
Victor: That’s great! I’ll bring some sandwiches then.
He Yu: OK. We’ll have a good time!
A. Where can I eat it?
B. How do you eat eggs?
C. What did you have for lunch?
D. Is there any meat in the sandwich?
E. No, dan bing is cooked in a different way.
F. It’s an egg pancake with meat, vegetables and more on it.
【答案】16. C 17. B 18. F 19. E 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一则对话，两人主要谈论了两人对鸡蛋的看法，并提到了一种叫鸡蛋饼的食物。
【16题详解】
根据“After lunch”及“I had a vegetable salad with eggs.”可知询问维克多午餐吃了什么，C项“你午餐吃了什么？”符合语境。故选C。
【17题详解】
根据“I like using eggs to make dan bing.”可知问如何吃鸡蛋，B项“你怎么吃鸡蛋？”符合语境。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据“What’s that?”可知要介绍鸡蛋饼，F项“这是一个鸡蛋煎饼，上面有肉、蔬菜和更多的东西。”符合语境。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据“Is it like the sandwich in my country?”可知一般疑问句，用Yes或No作答，E项“不，鸡蛋饼是另一种烹饪方式。”符合语境。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据“Come to my home this weekend. I’ll cook it for you.”可知询问在哪里能吃到鸡蛋饼，A项“我可以在哪里吃到它？”符合语境。故选A。
三、阅读（共45分）
III.完形填空。（15分）阅读短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Most of us may often take no notice of ants. But this is not the case for Huang Yifan, a 17-year-old ____21____ from Shandong. He likes ants and has discovered many ____22____ secrets behind their behavior. It helped him ____23____ a national high school science competition.
He found that though ants live underground for a long time, they can still find out whether other ants ____24____ the same nest (窝) by looking at, smelling and touching them.
To test his ____25____, Huang made a nest with about 100 ants, using a plastic bottle. He took one ant out and painted its abdomen (腹部) blue. Then he put the painted ant back into the nest and ____26____ to see what would happen to it. “After the ant which was painted blue goes into the nest, the other ants try to attack (攻击) and ____27____ it out of the nest with difficulty.” Huang said. “But when the ants discover the painted ant belongs to the same nest by using their sense of ____28____, they stop attacking.”
Huang ____29____ further with instruments like cameras to learn about the ants’ ability to tell their own nestmates. “Social insects such as ants and bees have a(n) ____30____ ability to do that. It’s especially fun that ants are ____31____ to humans in some ways. They also know how to work together,” Huang said.
Huang’s achievements don’t depend on luck but on his great ____32____. Huang has ____33____ about 1,000 ants since he was ten, using his ____34____ of the needed temperature and light. Even if most people think the tests are boring, he sticks to doing them ____35____. And he will go on doing more scientific projects in the future.
21. A. doctor B. student C. officer D. worker
22. A. moving B. scary C. interesting D. sad
23. A. compare B. decide C. start D. win
24. A. come from B. clear out C. give up D. set up
25. A. skill B. talent C. discovery D. wish
26. A. failed B. waited C. forgot D. regretted
27. A. pull B. steal C. follow D. hang
28. A. direction B. taste C. smell D. safety
29. A. agreed B. researched C. doubted D. guessed
30. A. weak B. old C. new D. strong
31. A. polite B. open C. fair D. similar
32. A. health B. support C. effort D. kindness
33. A. raised B. led C. met D. surprised
34. A. risk B. knowledge C. list D. symbol
35. A. loudly B. nervously C. patiently D. quickly
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了来自山东的黄一帆对蚂蚁的研究。
【21题详解】
句意：但17岁的山东学生黄一帆却并非如此。
doctor医生；student学生；officer官员；worker工人。根据“It helped him ... a national high school science competition.”及17岁的年龄，可推出是一名学生。故选B。
【22题详解】
句意：他喜欢蚂蚁，并在它们的行为背后发现了许多有趣的秘密。
moving感人的；scary吓人的；interesting有趣的；sad难过的。根据“He likes ants and has discovered many ... secrets behind their behavior.”可知是蚂蚁行为背后的有趣秘密。故选C。
【23题详解】
句意：它帮助他赢得了全国高中科学竞赛。
compare比较；decide决定；start开始；win赢得。根据“a national high school science competition”可知是赢得了比赛。故选D。
【24题详解】
句意：他发现，尽管蚂蚁在地下生活了很长时间，但它们仍然可以通过观察、嗅觉和触摸来发现其他蚂蚁是否来自同一个巢穴。
come from来自；clear out清理；give up放弃；set up建立。根据“whether other ants ... the same nest”可知是弄清楚其他蚂蚁是否来自同一个窝。故选A。
【25题详解】
句意：为了验证他的发现，黄用一个塑料瓶造了一个大约100只蚂蚁的巢穴。
skill技能；talent天赋；discovery发现；wish希望。根据“Huang made a nest with about 100 ants, using a plastic bottle”可知做实验来验证自己的发现。故选C。
【26题详解】
句意：然后他把画好的蚂蚁放回巢里，等着看它会发生什么。
failed失败；waited等待；forgot忘记；regretted后悔。根据“to see what would happen to it”可知是等着看会发生什么。故选B。
【27题详解】
句意：在被涂成蓝色的蚂蚁进入巢穴后，其他蚂蚁试图攻击并艰难地将它拉出巢穴。
pull拉；steal偷；follow跟随；hang悬挂。根据“the other ants try to attack”可知以为不是一窝蚂蚁，要把蓝色蚂蚁拉出蚁窝。故选A。
【28题详解】
句意：但当蚂蚁通过嗅觉发现彩绘蚂蚁属于同一个巢穴时，它们就停止了攻击。
direction方向；taste品味；smell气味，嗅觉；safety安全。根据“by looking at, smelling and touching them”可知是通过嗅觉来发现属于同一个蚁窝。故选C。
【29题详解】
句意：黄用相机等仪器进行了进一步的研究，以了解蚂蚁区分自己巢穴同伴的能力。
agreed同意；researched研究；doubted怀疑；guessed猜测。根据“with instruments like cameras to learn about the ants’ ability to tell their own nestmates”可知用相机等进行进一步研究。故选B。
【30题详解】
句意：蚂蚁和蜜蜂等群居昆虫有很强的这种能力。
weak虚弱的；old老的；new新的；strong强的。根据“the ants’ ability to tell their own nestmates”及上文试验可知此处指有很强的分辨同伴的能力。故选D。
【31题详解】
句意：特别有趣的是，蚂蚁在某些方面与人类相似。
polite有礼貌的；open开着的；fair公平的；similar相似的。根据“They also know how to work together”可知与人类有相似之处。故选D。
【32题详解】
句意：黄的成就不是靠运气，而是靠他的努力。
health健康；support支持；effort努力；kindness善良。根据“Huang’s achievements don’t depend on luck but ...”可推出不靠运气靠努力。故选C。
【33题详解】
句意：从十岁起，黄就利用他对所需温度和光线的了解，养了大约1000只蚂蚁。
raised饲养；led领到；met遇见；surprised使惊讶。根据“Huang has ... about 1,000 ants since he was ten, using his ... of the needed temperature and light.”可推出是养了大约1000只蚂蚁。故选A。
【34题详解】
句意：从十岁起，黄就利用他对所需温度和光线的了解，养了大约1000只蚂蚁。
risk风险；knowledge知识；list列表；symbol象征。根据“using his ... of the needed temperature and light”可知用他自己的关于温度和光的知识。故选B。
35题详解】
句意：即使大多数人认为试验很无聊，他还是耐心地坚持做下去。
loudly大声地；nervously紧张地；patiently有耐心地；quickly快地。根据“he sticks to doing them”可知能坚持，是有耐心的。故选C。
IV.阅读理解。（30分）
(A)
Electronic waste (电子垃圾), also known as “E-waste”, is used to describe the waste from useless electronics such as computers, phones, fridges, washing machines, TVs and so on. Most of these electronics are not often rubbish, but just given up. In 2019, the world produced 53.6 million tons of e-waste, and the world’s e-waste will reach 74.7 million tons by 2030.
Last week, Guangming Research Center made surveys among 1,00 residents (居民) in Xingfu community. The surveys were mainly about different kinds of e-waste and how the residents deal with e-waste. The diagrams below show the results.

Diagram I Different kinds of e-waste that the residents produce each year

Diagram II How the residents deal with e-waste
E-waste is the world’s fastest-growing kind of waste, and only a small part of it is collected and recycled. Some residents think they should recycle e-waste, because e-waste includes many valuable metals, such as gold, silver and so on. They say they try to repair some electronics rather than buy new ones. They also give away their electronics which they don’t like any more to people in need.
根据短文和图表内容，选择最佳答案。
36. The surveys are mainly about ________.
A. shopping time B. electronic waste C. modern business D. valuable treasure
37. According to Diagram I, ________ of the e-waste is from computers each year.
A. 5% B. 7% C. 10% D. 13%
38. According to Diagram II, 15% of the residents deal with e-waste ________.
A. by doing nothing B. by selling it cheaply
C. by throwing it away D. by collecting and recycling it
39. E-waste ________ according to the passage.
A. reached 74.7 million tons in 2019
B. is useless rubbish in the community
C. grows fastest of all kinds in the world
D. is used to describe the waste from factories
40. From the passage, we can know ________.
A. people will give away their electronics if they are broken
B. now some people are trying to deal with e-waste properly
C. e-waste will become the most useful in the residents’ homes
D. most people are ready to collect and recycle e-waste nowadays
【答案】36. B 37. D 38. D 39. C 40. B
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了电子垃圾的相关内容。
【36题详解】
主旨大意题。根据“Electronic waste (电子垃圾), also known as ‘E-waste’, is used to describe the waste from useless electronics such as computers, phones, fridges, washing machines, TVs and so on.”并通读全文可知本文主要介绍的是电子垃圾。故选B。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据图表一可知每年来自电脑的电子垃圾占13%。故选D。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据图表二中“Residents who collect and recycle e-waste 15%”可知15%的居民通过收集和回收来处理电子垃圾。故选D。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据“E-waste is the world’s fastest-growing kind of waste, and only a small part of it is collected and recycled.”可知电子垃圾在世界上所有种类中增长速度最快。故选C。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Some residents think they should recycle e-waste, because e-waste includes many valuable metals, such as gold, silver and so on. They say they try to repair some electronics rather than buy new ones. They also give away their electronics which they don’t like any more to people in need.”可知现在人们认为应该回收电子垃圾，修理电子产品而不买新的，把不用的电子产品送给需要的人，由此推出现在有些人正试图妥善处理电子垃圾。故选B。
(B)
If you see someone fall down suddenly, perhaps as a result of a heart attack, what can you do while you wait for professional help?
Chen Wenqiaochu set a good example when he was fourteen. He performed CPR (心肺复苏术) on a staff person at his school, saving the man’s life in 2013. According to medical experts, there is a “golden period” — the first four minutes of a heart attack. During this time, CPR is best for saving the person’s life.
In August, 2020, all public schools nationwide were asked to provide CPR courses in China, as part of health education. CPR is not hard to grasp. All that one needs to know is how to watch and decide if a person has a heart attack, where to press on the patient’s chest (胸), and how to blow air through the mouth and into the lungs (肺) .
Unluckily, less than one percent of Chinese adults have mastered the skill of CPR, while many have never heard of it. A 2019 survey from China Youth Daily showed that although 64.6% of schools opened health education courses, the teaching results were not satisfactory.
Zhao Shengyu, a graduate from a high school, remembered her first time to be taught CPR in the class. “No model, video or practice was included. I realized the acts I had been ta