八年级英语下册阅读理解培优训练(附解析).doc

八年级英语下册阅读理解培优训练(附解析)一、八年级英语下册阅读理解专项练习（含答案解析）1阅读理解 April 22 is Earth Day. Everyone on Earth should care about and protect the earth! The earth has warmed by about 1F （华氏度） over the past 100 years, but why and how? Well, scientists are not quite sure. Maybe the earth gets warmer and warmer on its own. But many scientists say that people are doing many things which makes the earth warmer. First, greenhouse effect （温室效应） is a very important reason for the change of the earth. People give out too much energy into the air every year. It makes the earth warmer. Climate （气候） change is another important reason. Sometimes it becomes too hot and sometimes too cold. Sometimes there is too much rain and sometimes too little. The change of the climate makes the earth warmer. In turn, the warmth of the earth changes the climate, too. When the earth becomes warmer, there may be more rain and a rise in sea level. It will affect the growth of plants, animals and people. On a Pacific island, 100 people have to move to higher ground because the sea is rising. These people can no longer live on the coast. Before that, two islands without people went underwater in 1999. Scientists say that the seas can rise by nearly one meter by 2100. People can affect the earths air, land and water. As for us, we can do many things to protect the earth. For example, we can use fridges less. We can tell more people about protecting the earth. （1）Earth Day is probably set for people to _. A.learn more about the earthB.make full use of the earthC.take better care of the earth.D.study the warmth of the earth（2）Greenhouse effect comes from_. A.sea risingB.climate changeC.natures unbalanceD.peoples activity（3）According to the passage, _ many affect each other. A.animals and islandB.climate and the warmth of the earthC.fridges and animalsD.sea level and the growth of plants（4）We can infer （推断） from the passage that the reasons for the warmer earth are_ now. A.not very clearB.completely secretC.well knownD.not given yet（5）The passage mainly tells us that _. A.there is more rain nowB.we should protect the earthC.we must stop pollutionD.sea level is getting higher【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）B（4）A（5）B 【解析】【分析】 这篇短文中作者主要分析了地球变暖的原因，并号召我们行动起来保护地球。（1）推理题。 根据April 22 is Earth Day. Everyone on Earth should care about and protect the earth 4月22日是地球日。地球上的每个人都应该关心和保护地球 ，可知 地球日可能是为人们更好地保护地球准备的，故选C。（2）推理题。 根据People give out too much energy into the air every year. It makes the earth warmer 人们每年向空气中释放太多的能量。它使地球变暖 ，可知温室效应来自于人类的活动 ，故选D。（3）推理题。根据 greenhouse effect （温室效应） is a very important reason for the change of the earth. People give out too much energy into the air every year. It makes the earth warmer. Climate （气候） change is another important reason. Sometimes it becomes too hot and sometimes too cold. Sometimes there is too much rain and sometimes too little. The change of the climate makes the earth warmer. In turn, the warmth of the earth changes the climate 温室效应是地球变化的一个非常重要的原因。人们每年向空气中释放太多的能量。它使地球变暖。气候变化是另一个重要原因。有时太热，有时太冷。有时雨太大，有时雨太少。气候的变化使地球变暖。反过来，地球的温暖也改变了气候 可知， 气候和地球的变暖许多因素相互影响 ，故选B。（4）推理题。 根据Well, scientists are not quite sure. Maybe the earth gets warmer and warmer on its own 科学家不太确定。也许地球自己变得越来越暖和 ，可知地球变暖的原因还不太清楚 ，故选A。（5）主旨题。 这篇短文中主要分析了地球变暖的原因，告诉我们应该保护地球 ，故选B。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及推断题和主旨题，推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。2根据短文内容，判断句子的正误。 A dentist （牙医） was starting his in work in the morning. Suddenly a man ran in. His face was red and he could only say Quick! Quick! The dentist thought he must be very sick. His assistant（助手） helped to make man sit in a chair. The dentist gave the man some medicine to make him sleep. Then, he looked into the mans mouth and pulled out all the bad teeth. When the man woke up, he said in a low voice, Quick, doctor, quick. Its all right now, the dentist told him. Its over. You dont understand, said the man, I came to tell you that your house is on fire.（1）The dentist was starting his work in the morning. （2）Suddenly a woman ran into the dentists office. （3）The dentist thought the man must be very sick. （4）The dentists assistant helped to make the man sit on a table. （5）The assistant pulled out all the mans bad teeth. 【答案】 （1）1（2）0（3）1（4）1（5）0 【解析】【分析】短文大意： 文章讲的一个男的找牙医，那男人只是重复快，快，牙医以为是他很痛要拔牙，把他嘴里的坏牙都拔掉了，结果是度医家着火了的故事。 （1）细节理解题。根据 A dentist （牙医） was starting his in work in the morning. 可知牙医在早上开始工作，故答案为：正确。 （2）细节理解题。根据 Suddenly a man ran in. 可知一个男人跑进来，而不是女人。故答案为：错误。 （3）细节理解题。根据 The dentist thought he must be very sick. 牙医认为这个人一定病得很重。可知叙述正确，故答案为：正确。 （4）细节理解题。根据 His assistant（助手） helped to make man sit in a chair. 可知助手帮助这个人坐下来，可知和短文叙述是一致的。故答案为：正确。 （5）细节理解题。根据 The dentist gave the man some medicine to make him sleep. Then, he looked into the mans mouth and pulled out all the bad teeth. 牙医给了这个人一些药让他睡了。然后他检查了这个人的嘴把所有的坏牙都拔掉了。可知不是助手拔的。故答案为：错误。 【点评】此题考查阅读理解。这篇短文内容简单，容易理解。先分析问题，然后阅读短文，看题中的叙述是否和短文的内容一致，然后确定问题的正误。3阅读理解 In the universe, as we know, there is the sun, the moon, the earth and a good many stars. Through our geography lessons, we know the earth goes round the sun, and the moon goes round the earth. We have day and night because the earth keeps turning all the time. When our part of the earth turns to the sun, it is day. When our part of the earth turns away from the sun, it is night. Just because the moon is closer to the earth than the sun, it looks much bigger than the sun. Big things will look smaller when they are farther, and small things also look bigger when they are nearer. The sun is bright enough to give out very strong light. The moon cant give any light at all, but it looks quite bright, too. Why? In fact, the light from the moon comes from the sun. The moon looks much bigger and brighter than the stars. But actually（事实上）the stars are much bigger and brighter than the moon. They look smaller than the moon also because they are farther away from the earth. There are still many other planets in the universe. But of all these planets, only on the earth there are living things and people can only live on the earth, too. But at 9：00 am on October 15th, 2003, Chinese pilot Yang Liwei was sent up to space. He stayed there for 21 hours. It was the first time for Chinese to get into space. （1）When our part of the earth turns away from the sun, the other part of the earth is . A.nightB.dayC.eveningD.Sunday（2）When did the pilot from our country return to the earth? A.On November 15th, 2002.B.On October 16th, 2003.C.On May 15th, 2004.D.On October 15th, 2003.（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.The moon goes round the earth, and it cant give out any light at all.B.The moon goes round the sun, and its light is from the sun.C.The earth moves round the moon, and people can live only on the earth.D.Of all the planets, only the earth moves round the sun.【答案】 （1）B（2）B（3）A 【解析】【分析】短文大意： 此篇文章介绍的是太空中，宇宙意味着地球，太阳，月亮和星星及其它们之间的空间。以及之间的关联。 （1）细节理解题。根据When our part of the earth turns to the sun, it is day. When our part of the earth turns away from the sun, it is night.当地球上我们的部分转向太阳时，是白天。当地球上我们的部分转离太阳时，是晚上，可知地球的另一面是白天。故选B。 （2）细节理解题。根据 But at 9：00 am on October 15th, 2003, Chinese pilot Yang Liwei was sent up to space. He stayed there for 21 hours.但是在003年10月15日上午九点钟，中国飞行员杨利伟被发射到太空。在那里呆了21个小时。可知他是2003年10月16日离开的。故选B。 （3）推理判断题。根据 Through our geography lessons, we know the earth goes round the sun, and the moon goes round the earth. The moon cant give any light at all, but it looks quite bright, too. 可知月亮绕着地球转。月亮本身不发光。故选A。 【点评】此题考查阅读理解。此题涉及细节理解和推理判断题。对于细节理解题。我们先分析问题，弄清题意。然后仔细阅读短文，从短文的细节中找到和问题相关的语句，确定问题答案。对于推理判断题，我们在理解问题后仔细阅读短文，从短文的细节中推理判断问题的正误。4阅读理解 In modern society there is a lot of disagreement about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is good for social progress. Others say that competition is bad. It sets one person against another. And it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who believe that their self-worth depended on how well they did at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and death matters. In their single-minded dream of success, the development of many other human qualities （品质）is sadly forgotten. However, while some seem to be lost in the desire （渴望）to succeed, others take a different attitude. In a culture which values only the winners, they are strongly against competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who are under competitive pressures（压力）from their parents or society. They are always told to be the top ones, but they think its really hard. When I teach these young people, I often find them in a desire to fail. They seem to search for failure（失败）by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: I may have lost, but it doesnt matter because I really didnt try. If I had tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief. They think ones self-respect depends on how well one does compared with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this fear begins to dissolve（消除）can we discover a new meaning in competition, （1）Why do some people welcome competition according to the passag? A.It pushes society forward.B.It improves ones abilities.C.It develops human qualities.D.It builds up friendly relationship.（2）The underlined phrase the most vocal in Paragraph 3 means . A.those who try their best to winB.those who value competition most highlyC.those who depend on others most for successD.those who are against competition most strongly（3）Which of the following may the writer agree to? A.Every effort should be paid back.B.Competition should be encouraged.C.Winning should be a life-and-death matter.D.Fear of failure should be taken away in competition.（4）What does this passage mainly talk about? A.Competition helps to set up self-respect.B.Competition is bad for social development.C.Ideas about competition are different among people.D.Failures are necessary experiences in competition.【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】短文大意：人们对比赛的态度不一，很多孩子过于重视成功与失败，以至于失去了其他人格品质，一些人抵触比赛， 每次比赛失败后，总是找出一个借口，作者呼吁应该消除害怕失败的情绪。 （1）细节题。根据文章提到的 Some value it highly, believing that it is good for social progress 可知，比赛促进社会进步，故选A。 （2）推断题。根据文章提到的 In a culture which values only the winners, they are strongly against competition 可知，该词组的意义为强烈抵触比赛的这些人，故选D。 （3）细节题。根据文章提到的 Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition可知，作者认为对害怕失败的情绪应该消除，故选D。 （4）主旨题。根据文章主要介绍了人们对比赛态度不一，可知文章谈论了关于比赛的想法，不同人的观点不一样，故选C。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。 5阅读理解 Once upon a time, two young men were spending some time in the country. One day, while taking a walk together, they crossed a large field. Look out! one of the young men shouted, because a bull（公牛）suddenly appeared（出现）and began to chase（追赶）them. They were very frightened. They ran as fast as they could, but the bull kept chasing them. Finally, one of the men climbed up a tree. The other one jumped into a hole, but soon he came out of it. Immediately the bull chased him back into the hole. Stay there! his friend shouted, but soon the man came out again, and again the bull chased him right back. This went on five or six more times. At last, the man in the tree got angry and shouted to his friend in the hole, You fool! Stay in that hole for a while; otherwise, this bull will keep us here all day! I want to, the man shouted back, but theres a bear in it!（1）The story took place in the . A.holeB.villageC.townD.large field（2）One of the men climbed up a tree, and the other . A.got into a holeB.ran awayC.kept runningD.went back home（3）The man in the tree got angry because his friend . A.met a bear in the holeB.was a foolC.stayed in the holeD.didnt stay in the hole【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）D 【解析】【分析】短文大意： 这篇短文讲述的是：从前两个年轻人一起度假。一天散步的时候，一头公牛突然出现了开始追赶他们。其中一个人爬上了树，另一个跑进了树洞。但很快这人又出来了，公牛又把他赶回了洞里。这种情况又持续了五六次，树上的人生气了对他喊：“我告诉了你在洞里呆一会。 ” 当他又一次跳回到洞里的时候说：“一只熊在洞里啊！” （1）细节理解题。根据 One day, while taking a walk together, they crossed a large field. 可知故事发生在一块儿地里。故选D。 （2）细节理解题。根据 Finally, one of the men climbed up a tree. The other one jumped into a hole.最后其中一个人爬上树，另外一个跳进一个洞里。故选A。 （3）细节理解题。 At last, the man in the tree got angry and shouted to his friend in the hole, You fool! Stay in that hole for a while; otherwise, this bull will keep us here all day! 最后，树上这个人很生气，对洞里的朋友喊道“你个傻子！在那个洞里呆一会；否则，这头公牛会让我们整天呆在这里的。”可知另外这个人没有在洞里。故选D。 【点评】此题考查阅读理解。事实细节题，细节类型的阅读理解题一般只针对某个特定的细节，在原文中可以直接找到答案。6阅读理解 When I was a child, my parents always told me that I should never talk to strangers. This was part of a whole list of things I should never do: Never accept food or candy from strangers, never get in a car with strangers, and so on. They think strangers may do something harmful to us. But if we didnt start a conversation with strangers, wed never make new friends. Wed never get a job. We may miss the happiness that comes from talking with strangers. And the more people you know, the more chances you can get. The following passage offers you some advice on how to break the ice.Dont just look at your shoes. Go and say Hi to that new guy. It will be easier to break the ice if you know more about different cultures. British: Beautiful day, isnt it? The weather in Britain is changeable. So, it is one of the topics the British care most about. And theres a simple rule: Say Yes whether you agree with the persons idea on the weather or not. Thats because the British start a conversation using the