2018年北京市中考英语试题（解析版）.doc

2018年北京市中考英语试卷（教师版）

一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．（.5分）My brother and I like football． play it together once a week．（　　）
A．I B．They C．We D．You
【微点】人称代词．
【思路】我哥哥和我喜欢足球，我们每周一起玩一次．
【解析】考查代词．我．B他们．C我们．D你们．结合语境"我哥哥和我喜欢足球，__每周一起玩一次．"．可知．应该是"我们"．
故选：C．
【点拨】本题考查人称代词，人称代词为单数时，按第二人称、第三人称、第一人称排列．人称单词分单复数，要根据语境，仔细分析，选择正确答案．
2．（.5分）Happy birthday， Peter! Here's a gift you．（　　）
A．for B．in C．with D．from
【微点】常用介词的辨析．
【思路】生日快乐，彼得！这是送给你的礼物．
【解析】考查介词．A为了．B在…里．C和…D来自．结合语境"生日快乐，彼得！这是送给你的礼物．"．表示给…的生日礼物．用for．
故选：A．
【点拨】考查介词用法，这个知识点很广泛，有一些固定用法，需要日常积累，结合语境选择正确介词完成习题．
3．（.5分）﹣﹣ do you usually go to school， Mary？
﹣﹣By bike．（　　）
A．When B．How C．Where D．Why
【微点】疑问副词．
【思路】﹣﹣玛丽，你通常怎么上学？
﹣﹣骑自行车．
【解析】考查疑问词．A什么时候．B怎么．C哪．D为什么．结合语境"玛丽，你通常怎么上学？骑自行车"．可知，对乘坐某种交通工具提问，用疑问词how怎么．
故选：B．
【点拨】疑问词通常用来构成疑问句，要根据回答的具体内容进行选择，注意一些固定搭配，分清疑问词的用法．
4．（.5分）Many people like pandas they are cute．（　　）
A．though B．if C．while D．because
【微点】从属连词．
【思路】很多人喜欢熊猫，因为它们很可爱．
【解析】选项A意为：虽然，选项B意为：如果，选项C意为：当……时候．选项D意为：因为．结合句意：很多人喜欢熊猫，因为它们很可爱．
故选：D．
【点拨】本题考查连词的辨析，熟记词的用法及结合语境是解答本题的关键．
5．（.5分）I go now， or I'll miss my train．（　　）
A．can B．might C．must D．could
【微点】情态动词．
【思路】我必须走了，否则我就赶不上火车了．
【解析】考查情态动词．A能．B可能．C必须．D能．结合语境"我__走了，否则我就赶不上火车了．"．可知，应该是"必须"．
故选：C．
【点拨】情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语．否定形式通常在后面加not．要注意情态动词的不同用法．
6．（.5分）Tony is of the three boys， but he is the tallest．（　　）
A．young B．younger
C．youngest D．the youngest
【微点】形容词的比较级和最高级．
【思路】托尼是这三个男孩中最小的，但他是最高的．
【解析】考查最高级．A年轻的．B更年轻的．C最年轻的，通常加the．D最年轻的．结合语境"托尼是这三个男孩中最小的，但他是最高的．"．可知，三者以上比较，用最高级the youngest最年轻的，最小的．
故选：D．
【点拨】考查最高级，要熟练掌握最高级的变法，根据具体的语境仔细分析选择恰当的最高级形式．
7．（.5分）Bill likes reading． He picture books with his dad every evening．（　　）
A．read B．reads C．is reading D．has read
【微点】一般现在时．
【思路】比尔喜欢读书．他每天晚上和爸爸一起看图画书．
【解析】从every evening判断句子时态用一般现在时，主语是单数．
故选：B．
【点拨】熟悉一般现在时的基本用法，结合题意，给出答案．
8．（.5分）﹣﹣Paul， what were you doing at nine last night？
﹣﹣I a movie in the cinema with my friends．（　　）
A．was watching B．watch
C．have watched D．will watch
【微点】过去进行时．
【思路】﹣保罗，你昨晚九点在干什么？
﹣我和我的朋友正在电影院看电影．
【解析】根据﹣﹣Paul， what were you doing at nine Last night？，可知 at nine Last night是过去比较具体的时间点，动作用过去进行时were/was+doing．
故选：A．
【点拨】熟悉过去进行时的用法，结合题意，给出答案．
9．（.5分）David is a tennis player．He to play tennis when he was six years old．（　　）
A．begins B．will begin C．began D．has begun
【微点】一般过去时．
【思路】戴维是个网球运动员，六岁时就开始打网球了．
【解析】从when he was six years old判断句子时态用一般过去时．
故选：C．
【点拨】熟悉一般过去时的基本用法，结合题意，给出答案．
10．（.5分）﹣﹣Lucy， is your uncle a teacher？
﹣﹣Yes，he is．He history for nearly 20 years．（　　）
A．teaches B．has taught
C．is teaching D．will teach
【微点】现在完成时．
【思路】﹣﹣露西，你叔叔是老师吗？
﹣﹣是的，他教了将近20年的历史了．
【解析】根据for nearly 20 years可知，这是一个表示一段时间的时间状语，通常用于现在完成时，而且动词应该用延续性动词，现在完成时态结构为have/has+动词的过去分词．
故选：B．
【点拨】本题主要考查现在完成时，用法：表示过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，还表示过去发生动作一直持续到现在．其结构是have/has+及物动词的过去分词．此题注意短暂性动词和延续性动词区别．
11．（.5分）A new international airport in the city next year．（　　）
A．completes B．is completed
C．will complete D．will be completed
【微点】一般将来时的被动语态．
【思路】一座新的国际飞机场明年将要在城市完工．
【解析】completes一般现在时；is completed 一般现在时的被动语态；will complete一般将来时； will be completed一般将来时的被动语态．根据句子的主语是"A new international airport"以及时间状语"next year"所以要用一般将来时的被动语态来填空，因此可知这句话的意思是"一座新的国际飞机场明年将要在城市完工．"
故选：D．
【点拨】首先要掌握各种时态以及语态的用法，然后结合具体的题目，就可以确定正确答案．
12．（.5分）﹣﹣Alice， could you tell me London？
﹣﹣Sure． Last Sunday．（　　）
A．when Mr．Smith left
B．when Mr．Smith will leave
C．when did Mr．Smith leave
D．when will Mr．Smith leave
【微点】宾语从句．
【思路】﹣﹣爱丽丝，你能告诉我史米斯先生什么时候离开伦敦的吗？
﹣﹣当然可以．上星期天．
【解析】根据could you tell me 可知，本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句中一般为陈述语序，选项CD是疑问语序，所以排除掉；再根据Last Sunday，可知这里指的是过去的时间，时态用一般过去时．
故选：A．
【点拨】本题考查宾语从句，做题时注意三要素时态、语序和引导词．本题先考虑语序问题，再根据句子的上下文的意思，做出选择．
二、完形填空（共8分，共1小题）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
13．（8分）
Real Solutions（解决方法） to Problems
Thirty engineers were working as a team in a company． They were young and eager to learn． The management decided to teach them about finding real solutions to problems
One day， the team was called for a（1）　A　in a hall． They were quite surprised and all reached the hall holding various（2）　C　． As they entered， they found a box placed in the center， full of flat balloons．
The manager asked everyone to pick a balloon and blow it up． Then they were asked to write their names on their respective（各自的）balloons（3）　B　so that the balloons wouldn't blow out． All tried， but not everyone was （4）　D　． Five balloons blew out due to pressure（压力）．
Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons were （5）　C　out of the game． As a result， 25 engineers came to the next level． All the balloons carrying their names were （6）　A　and then put into a room， here and there．
The engineers were told to pick the balloon with his or her name on， All the 25 engineers began to search for the respective balloons in a rush． It was almost 15 minutes but no one was able to （7）　D　the right one． The second level of the game was over．
Then came the final level． The engineers were asked to pick any balloon and give it to person named on the balloon． Within a couple of minutes， all balloons （8）　B　the hands of the respective engineers．
The manager announced this was the real solution to the problem． Many times in our life，sharing and helping others give us real solutions to problems．

（1）A．game
B．show
C．concert
D．party
（2）A．purposes
B．suggestions
C．thoughts
D．plans
（3）A．quietly
B．carefully
C．secretly
D．clearly
（4）A．honest
B．ready
C．patient
D．successful
（5）A．checked
B．helped
C．ruled
D．cheated
（6）A．collected
B．weighed
C．tied
D．cleaned
（7）A．mark
B．hide
C．number
D．find
（8）A．freed
B．reached
C．lifted
D．hit

【微点】记叙文．
【思路】本文主要讲述的是有关于协作的事情．一件事我们或许做起来很难，但是如果和别人一起做，相互帮助，就会事半功倍．
【解析】1．A，考查名词辨析，下文提到The second level of the game was over游戏结束，A游戏，B表演，C音乐会，D聚会，故选A．
2．C，考查名词辨析，根据all reached the hall holding various带着各种..来到这里，前面提到惊奇，所以是每个人有各种的想法，A目的，B建议，C想法，D计划，故选C．
3．B，考查形容词辨析，根据the balloons wouldn't blow out不能打破气球，所以是小心的，A轻轻的，B小心的，C秘密的，D清楚的，故选B．
4．D，考查形容词辨析，根据 Five balloons blew out due to pressure坏了5个，可知并不是所有人都成功了，A诚实的，B准备好的，C有耐心的，D成功的，故选D．
5．C，考查动词辨析，根据Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons 失败的人，所以是出局，rule out排除；A检查，B帮助，C规则，D清晰，故选C．
6．A，考查动词辨析，根据then put into a room， here and there将气球放在房子里，所以是先把所有的气球收集起来，A收集，B称重，C打结，D打扫，故选A．
7．D，考查动词辨析，根据right one正确的那个人，由此推测是找到那个人，A标记，B躲藏，C计数，D找到，故选D．
8．B，考查动词辨析，根据the hands of the respective engineers气球上名字对应的人，由此可知是交给那个人，A释放，B到达，C举起，D打击，故选B．
【点拨】对于完形填空题目，首先应该阅读全文，了解协作的好处，然后根据题目意思进行分析，确定答案．
三、阅读下列短文．根据短文内容，从文后各所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共26分，每小题6分
14．（6分）Roger：Hi，there！It was my 15th birthday last Saturday．Some of my friends and Alan．my cousin，came to celebrate it． Everyone brought me a gift，we played games，sang songs and had a big birthday cake． It was really a wonderful day! Did you do anything special last week？

Jessica：Yes，My class were on a school field trip last week．First，We went to the University of North Carolina to learn about the history of its basketball team． Many basketball stars were students there． Then we visited a museum． We learned about how the plane was invented and took many pictures there．

Sara：Well， I was lucky enough to go to a conference（会议） on charity（慈善） last Wednesday． I was so excited to meet a lot of kind people there． One of them was a boy named Richard． He spoke at the conference about the charity work that he had done in the past few years．

Martin：It was a different week than usual，Last Thursday， my school band（乐队） went to Atlanta to perform in a competition．I played the violin and we won a prize! On Friday we went to the Georgia Aquarium and got to see different kinds of sea life from over the world． It was really cool!

（1）When did Roger have his birthday party？　D　
A．Last Wednesday．
B． Last Thursday．
C．Last Friday．
D．Last Saturday．
（2）Who went on a school field trip last week？　B　
A．Alan．
B．Jessica．
C．Sara．
D．Richard．
（3）Martin went to Atlanta to　C　．
A．speak at a conference
B．organize a party
C．perform in a competition
D．visit a university
【微点】人物故事类阅读．
【思路】文章是人物故事类阅读，分别介绍了四个孩子上周的活动．
【解析】1． D 细节理解题，根据Roger：It was my 15th birthday last Saturday罗杰：这是我上周六的15岁生日．可知罗杰的生日是上周六，故选D．
2． B 细节理解题，根据Jessica：Yes，My class were on a school field trip last week杰西卡：是的，上个星期我的班级去参加学校郊游了，可知杰西卡上个星期参加学校郊游，故选B．
3． C 细节理解题，根据Martin：Last Thursday， my school band（乐队） went to Atlanta to perform in a competition，马丁：上周四，我的学校乐队在亚特兰大的一次比赛中表演了，可知马丁去亚特兰大在比赛中表演，故选C．
【点拨】本文是一篇阅读选择题，做题时要先通读短文，弄清楚短文大意，然后在文中找出相关句子，根据句子选择正确答案．
15．（6分）
A Beautiful Moment
When I was in high school．I worked part﹣time helping Dad sell fruits and vegetables at a market． One day，as I was preparing the fruits，a little boy came by with his mom and sister． He was about eight years old，and the girl，five or six． They were looking the fruits in front of me． I heard the kids say to their mom（in French），"They're good!" I knew it was French，because I can speak and understand it．
Then I noticed how the mom was picking the fruits．At first I thought she was really looking at the fruits because she was facing them． But then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell each one as she picked them out． And she often asked her son if it looked okay， but looked way above where his face was． Putting what I saw together，I was sure she was blind．
Both of the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruits．The son made sure the fruits were not obviously bad， and the daughter handed them to her mom． The woman then felt each one and smiled， and the daughter would put them into their basket．The kids were smiling while helping their mom pick the fruits out．
Their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before．It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help． Most kids that age would be picking out candies or toys in a store for themselves， instead of helping their mom pick out fruits as the two kids did．
It was great to witness the moment， but not so great because I didn't tell the mom how beautiful her children were in their language．this is what I regret to this day．
（1）The women and her kids came to the market to buy　A　．
A． fruits
B． vegetables
C． candies
D． toys
（2）According to what he saw， the writer was sure the mother couldn't　B　．
A． speak
B． see
C． smell
D． hear
（3）The writer was moved because　D　．
A． the mother was brave to face her problems
B． the kids were polite and kind to each other
C． the mother was careful in picking out things
D． the kids were so willing to help their mother
【微点】人物故事类阅读．
【思路】文章介绍了两个孩子帮盲人妈妈捡水果，作者被这温情一幕打动．
【解析】1． A 细节理解题，根据Then I noticed how mom was picking the fruits．然后我注意到妈妈是如何挑选水果的，可知他们是来买水果的，故选A．
2． B 细节理解题，根据I was sure she was blind．我确定她是盲人，可知作者认为这个妈妈看不到，故选B．
3． D 细节理解题，根据It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help． Most kids that age would be picking out candies or toys in a store for themselves， instead of helping their mom pick out fruits as the two kids did．看到这么小的孩子们如此乐于助人，真是太美了．大多数同龄的孩子会在商店里为自己挑选糖果或玩具，而不是像两个孩子那样帮助他们的妈妈挑选水果．可知作者被这两个孩子愿意帮助他们的母亲而感到，故选D．
【点拨】本文是一篇阅读选择题，做题时要先通读短文，弄清楚短文大意，然后在文中找出相关句子，根据句子选择正确答案．
16．（6分）Some primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around． They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain． These differences are associated（关联） with beneficial effects on cognitive function （认知功能）． This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health．
The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain．Lifelong exposure（接触） to green space in the living places was recorded﹣using the information on the children's addresses from birth up through to the time of the study． Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）． Working memory and inattentiveness（注意力不集中）were graded with computers．
"This is the first study that shows the association between long﹣term exposure to green space and brain structure．" Says Dr． Payam Dadvand， the leading researcher of the study． "Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain．"
The findings show that long﹣term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain． Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests． Moreover， larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness．
Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children． Another study of 2，593 children shows that children in school with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness．
Humans are believed to be tied to nature． Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn． Accordingly， green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery， creativity and risk taking． These exercises in turn positively influence brain development．
Dr． Dadvand's study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial effects of green spaces on cognitive development． It also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities．
Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations， settings and climates． And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space．
（1）The second paragraph is mainly about　A　．
A． how the study was performed
B． what was recorded in the study
C． how long the study lasted
D． who took part in the study
（2）The word "prompt" in paragraph 6 probably means "　B　"．
A． control
B． encourage
C． balance
D． change
（3）What can we learn from the passage？　D　
A． Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain．
B． Dr． Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment．
C． Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations outs of Spain．
D． Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development．
【微点】新闻报道类阅读．
【思路】本文主要讲述了一项科学实验的结果，结果表明生活在绿色环境下有利于大脑的发育，但是这个结论是否适合于每个地方的人还有待观察和后续实验证明．
【解析】1．A，细节理解题，根据The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain可知此段主要讲述的是有关于研究如何进行的事情，故选A．
2．B，词意猜测题，根据These exercises in turn positively influence brain development可知是极大的促进大脑的发育，四个选项中意思最为接近的是鼓励，促进，故选B．
3．D，推理判断题，根据Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain可知在绿色环境下生活有利于大脑发育，故选D．
【点拨】对于阅读表达题，首先应该阅读全文，了解绿色环境对大脑发育的影响，然后根据题目意思进行分析，确定答案．
17．（8分）We often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self﹣improvement power． However， there's always something staring at us right