中考If引导的两种从句(宾语从句和条件状语从句).doc

中考If引导的两种从句（宾语从句和条件状语从句）If引导的两种从句(宾语从句和条件状语从句)重点、难点1. 含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中主从句的时态。2. If引导的宾语从句与条件状语从句的区别。 考情分析通常在单项选择、完形填空或补全、完成句子等题型中考查。知能提升（一）知识讲解【认知讲解】I. if引导的宾语从句if 引导宾语从句时，意思为：是否，从句的时态通常要和主句保持一致。【例句】I want to know if he lives there.我想知道他是否住在那儿。He asked me if I could help him.他问我是否能帮他。【考查点】if、whether引导的宾语从句的区别1. if或whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，常放在动词ask、see、say、know和find out等后面。一般情况下，两者常可换用，在口语中多用if。【例句】 Nobody knows whether / if it will rain tomorrow. 没有人知道明天是否下雨。 Lucy asked whether / if they had a cotton sweater. 露西问他们是否有棉制的毛衣。2. if或whether引导宾语从句时，要注意三个方面，即连词、语序和时态。if或whether既不能和that 或其他连词（副词）同时使用，也不能省略。【例句】我不知道他今天是否会来。误 I dont know that if(whether) he will come here today.正 I dont know if(whether) he will come here today.他走过来看看猫是否出了毛病。误 He came to see what if (whether) there was anything wrong with his cat .正 He came to see if (whether) there was anything wrong with his cat .if或whether引导宾语从句时，虽具有疑问的意义，但其从句应用陈述句的语序。【例句】 Did you know the way to the hospital? The old woman asked me.The old woman asked me if / whether I knew the way to the hospital.老妇人问我是否知道去医院的路。 if或whether引导的宾语从句应和主句的时态保持一致。即主句为一般现在时，从句用任一种时态；主句为一般过去时，从句则用过去时中的任一种时态。【例句】 I dont know if (whether) he has come here. 我不知道他是否来过这儿。Tom asked if (whether) I had read the book. 汤姆问我是否看过这本书。3. 只能用whether的情况在动词不定式之前只能用whether：【例句】I cant decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。在whether or not 的固定搭配中：【例句】 I want to know whether its good news or not. 我想知道它是不是好消息。在介词后，只能用whether：【例句】 His father is worried about whether he loses his work. 他的父亲担心他是否会失去工作。用if会引起歧义时：【例句】Could you tell me if you know the answer? 这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我你是否知道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？”。如用whether则可避免歧义。 【考题链接】I dont know _ they could pass the exam or not.A. why B. if C. that D. whether答案：D解题思路：本题考查if与whether的区别，在whetheror not的固定搭配中通常只用whether。II. if引导的条件状语从句1. 含义条件状语从句是在复合句中作条件状语的句子。表示假如有从句的动作发生就会有主句的动作发生，条件状语从句常由从属连词if引导。【例句】You will catch the bus if you get up early.如果你早起的话，就能赶上公共汽车。2. 类别主祈从现：主句是祈使句, 从句是由if引导的使用一般现在时的句子。【例句】 If you want to go, please tell me. 如果你想去，请告诉我。Print the photo if you like it. 如果你喜欢这照片就把它打印出来。主将从现：指if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。【例句】 If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the Great Wall.如果明天不下雨，我们就会去长城。 If you dont get up early, you will be late for school. 如果你不早点起床，你上学就会迟到。3. if引导的条件状语从句用法：（1）位置if引导的条件状语从句，既可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后。当从句置于主句之前时，常用逗号与主句隔开。【例句】You will catch the bus if you get up early.=If you get up early, you will catch the bus.如果你早起的话，就能赶上公共汽车。（2）时态应遵循主、从句时态呼应的原则。当主句是一般现在时（包含祈使句和含情态动词can, may, must等的句子），从句也用一般现在时。【例句】You must see the doctor if you are ill.如果你生病了，你必须去看医生。If you want to go skating, wear warm clothes.如果你想去溜冰，穿上暖和的衣服。如果主句是一般将来时，从句必须用一般现在时。【例句】 You will be late for school if you get up late.如果你起晚了，你上学将迟到。If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the Great Wall.如果明天下雨，我们就不去长城了。（3）在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时时，不能使用be going to结构，而要用will。【例句】Ill help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.如果明天我有空，我会帮助你学英语。（4）在if引导的条件状语从句中不能使用some，而要用any。【例句】If you have any questions to ask, please come to my office.如果你有问题要问的话，请到我办公室来。（5）同义句转换if引导的条件状语从句可转换成简单句，其方法如下：* 借助“祈使句+and/ or+简单句”结构。其中and表示句意顺承，or表示句意转折。【例句】If you work hard, youll pass the exam.=Work hard, and youll pass the exam.如果你努力学习，你就会通过考试。If you dont hurry up, youll be late.= Hurry up, or youll be late.如果你不快点，你将会迟到。*借助介词with 或without来转换。【例句】If you help me, Ill finish my job soon.=With your help, Ill finish my job soon.如果你帮我，我将很快完成我的工作。If there is no water, fish may die.= Fish may die without water.如果没有水，鱼可能会死。另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，即一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。【例句】If I were you，I would invite him to the party如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。 I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic要不是交通堵塞，我会来得更早一些。4. 口诀：if 条件句不一般，几个要点记心间； 条件句，放在前，逗号要放句中间。 条件句表可能，主句多用将来时； 条件句表事实，主句常用现在时。 III. If引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句的区别if引导条件状语从句时意为“如果”，引导宾语从句时意为“是否”，可用whether替换。【例句】1) We will go out if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天好，我们就出去。2) I dont know if the train has arrived. 我不知道火车是否已经到达。句1)中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”。句2)中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词dont know的宾语。【考题链接】 I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 答案：D解题思路：第一个空处为宾语从句的引导词，用if、whether都可以；第二个空为条件状语从句的引导词，需用if，综合考虑，D项正确。（二）提分技巧1. 熟练掌握if引导的宾语从句与条件状语从句的特点。2. 熟知if引导的宾语从句与条件状语从句引导词的区别。 二、英语书面表达专项训练2假如你是班长李华，今天你们班对即将到来的暑假计划进行了讨论。你们班的外教David对此很感兴趣。请你根据以下信息，给 David写一封电子邮件，告诉他讨论的情况及你自己本人的计划及原因。比例计划原因50% 去国内外旅游1.放松;2.欣赏美景30% 多读一些书1.增长知识；2.培养兴趣20% 参加社会实践1.锻炼自己;2.结识朋友你的计划? (至少一个)？（请你补充）注意：(1)邮件应包含所有要点(2)词数80个左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数)；(3)不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分注：社会实践 social practice activitiesDear DavidIm writing to tell you something about our discussion today._Best wishes!YoursLi Hua【答案】Dear DavidIm writing to tell you something about our discussion today.The students have their own plans about how to spend a meaningful summer vacation. Half of the students plan to travel at home and abroad. They want to relax and enjoy the beautiful scenery. Thirty percent of students plan to read more books. They believe that reading can increase knowledge. Reading books can make people smart and develop interests. 20% of them plan to take part in social practice activities. They want to exercise themselves and make new friends. Im going to take part in social practice activities, too. I want to learn something new and get good experience from these activities.Best wishes!YoursLi Hua【解析】【详解】这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如how to do，spend a meaningful summer vacation，half of，plan to do，travel at home and abroad，enjoy the beautiful scenery，take part in，social practice activities，make new friends 等。而非谓语动词结构The students have their own plans about how to spend a meaningful summer vacation./ Reading books can make people smart and develop interests.和宾语从句They believe that reading can increase knowledge.的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。【点睛】书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。3临近毕业，学校在学习小组内开展了初中阶段自评和组评活动，假设你是 Moonlight 小组 的组长，请根据下面表格中的信息和提示，为你的组员 Tommy 进行综合素质的评价，写一 份素质报告NameTommyCharacteristics聪明、大方（各举一例）Hobbies喜欢看书，认为看书有很多好处（请列举2个好处）Honour他在家帮助做家务。在学校和同学相处融洽。上学途中遵守交通规则（举一例）。今年，学校授予了他优秀学生奖（Award for Best Student）Problems面临考试，遭受压力痛苦，他没有充足的睡眠Your suggestions（根据实际情况提2点建议）要求：1、表达清楚、语法正确、上下文连贯；2、要点必须包括所有相关信息，并作适当发挥；3、词数：100 词左右；4、不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等Tommy is a member of my team called Moonlight.【答案】Tommy is a member of my team called Moonlight. He is clever and he is good at all his lessons. He is so generous that he shares everything with his friends.He likes reading because he thinks he can get much knowledge and learn more about the world by reading. And reading has a good effect on childrens growth. At home, he can help his parents do some housework. At school, he gets on well with his classmates. On the way to school, he obeys the traffic rules. He crosses the road when the light is green. Our school presented him with Award for Best Student this year. However, Tommy is stressed when the exam comes. And he doesnt have enough sleep. I think he should go over what he has learned before exams. Its better for him to manage his time wisely so that he can have enough time to rest.【解析】这篇作文要求我们按照表格里的内容介绍一下Tommy的情况，为Tommy写一篇综合素质的评价报告。在表格中有非常详细的关于Tommy各方面的内容，我们需要用正确的英语把这些内容有条理的表达出来。表格中涉及的内容较多，写作时要注意表达的条理性。这篇作文应主要使用第三人称来写。在最后要给Tommy提一些建议，这一部分应该用第一人称。同时注意表达的准确性，尤其是表格中的第五项和第六项内容。【亮点说明】这是一篇比较优秀的范文。这篇作文内容完整，包含了表格中的所有内容，没有遗漏要点。表达准确，注意了被动形式的使用，如He was rewarded by our school this year.。写作时注意了条理性，使文章具有层次感，条理清楚。短文注意到了长短句的结合，并恰当的使用了一些连词，使文章表达的连贯。如He is always ready to help others.、He not only likes reading detective novels but also likes watching programs about sports news.、He is good at running. He won the first place in our school sports meeting this year.等。 4（2017年浙江绍兴）书面表达。76.某英语教育网站正在开展主题为“How can a teenager have a successful life?”的讨论，为此你采访了一些同学（结果见下表）。请据上经用英语写一篇短文参与讨论，并阐述你的观点。同学主要观点你的观点努力学习尊重父母服务社会计划未来（至少两条）注意：（1）短文必须包括表中所有内容，可适当增加细节；（2）你的观点至少两条；（3）词数：80100；（4）短文首句仅供选择使用，不计入总词数。参考词汇：尊重respect短文首句：I have recently done a survey about how a teenager can have a successful life.【答案】I have recently done a survey about how a teenager can have a successful life.Most students believe its necessary to study hard. After all, study plays a key role in their life. They also agree they should respect their parents, who look after them every day. Besides, theyre ready to serve the society and in their opinion its really meaningful. Whats more, they think each teenager is supposed to make a good plan for future.From my point of view, we need to make some good friends so that we can learn from each other. Also, we must be active and exercise more to keep healthy because its important to a successful life.【解析】试题分析：英语教育网站开展主题为“How can a teenager have a successful life?”的讨论，采访了一些同学参与讨论，写出他们的观点及自己的观点。因为是叙述同学的现在的观点，所以句子应该用一般现在时，叙述同学的观点用第三人称，叙述自己的观点用第一人称。注意不要遗漏要点，所写的句子应该符合英语语法，不能是汉语式的句子，要使用一些高级词汇及句式。写作亮点：短文用了一些短语和句式，如：do a survey about sth关于某事做调查；respect their parents,尊敬他们的父母；look after照顾；make a good plan for sth为某事做一个好的计划；make some good friends交一些好朋友；keep healthy保持健康。用了宾语从句，如：Most students believe its necessary to study hard. Whats more, they think each teenager is supposed to make a good plan for future.用了because引导的原因状语从句，如：Also, we must be active and exercise more to keep healthy because its important to a successful life.增加了文章的亮点，也是提分的经典句子。考点：材料作文。5书面表达中考后暑假即将开始，你和一些同学准备结伴出国旅行。旅行社提供了两个国家供你选择游玩。请根据旅行社提供的信息，将你的选择用英文向同学们介绍。BritainAustraliaTimeJuly 1 - July 14TimeAugust 15 -August 24Activitiesvisit the Buckingham Palace (白金汉宫) visit the British Museum (大英博物馆)watch football matchesActivitiesvisit the Sydney Opera Housetravel around the Gold Coast (黄金海岸)have fun with kangaroos and koalasAttentionchangeable weatherAttentionwinterCost20,000 yuanCost16,000 yuan要求：1. 所写内容必须包括某一国家的所有信息及选择的理由； 2. 结合游玩国家的情况，自拟希望可以安排的活动，并提出1-2点出游的注意事项；3. 文章不少于90词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；4. 语义通顺、意思连贯、条理清楚、书写规范；5. 不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。The summer holiday is coming. I think its a good idea to travel abroad. I hope I will have a good time there!【答案】The summer holiday is coming. I think its a good idea to travel abroad. I have read information about two countriesBritain and Australia. I like britain. So I think we can go to Britain.The time is july 1 to july 14. Its activities include visiting the buckingham palace,visiting the british museum, and watching football matches.The first, I want us to visit the Buckingham Palace and the british museum, I think it is very helpful for us to understand the history and culture of Britain. Next I hope to watch football matches. I like football very much. It will be exciting.However, the weather in Britain is changeable, which will make our trip inconvenient. And its expensive to travel to the UK, which costs 20000 yuan, But I still want to travel to England.I hope I will have a good time there!【解析】【详解】这是一篇给材料作文。中考后暑假即将开始，你和一些同学准备结伴出国旅行。旅行社提供了两个国家供你选择游玩。要求根据旅行社提供的信息将你的选择用英文向同学们介绍。首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作。在写作时，注意连句成篇，保持文章的连贯性，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。6题目假如你是李华，你们学校的英国友好校下周将要来访。学校国际部正在招募接待英国学生的志愿者，陪伴他们度过周末。你想成为志愿者。请用英语写一封申请信，在信中说明你申请的理由，以及你打算拿给英国学生安排哪些周末活动。提示词语：get along with, friendly, places of interest, Chinese dishes提示问题：1. Why would you like to be a volunteer?2. What do you plan to do during the weekend?Dear Sir/Madam，I would like to be a volunteer to receive the British students. Im looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li Hiua【答案】Dear SiraMadam.I would like to be a volunteer to receive the British students I like making friends andI am outgoing，so its easy for me to get along well with them.I have some plans for the weekends.First of all，there are a lot of places of interest in Beijing，so I plan to take them to some places like the Great Wall，the Forbidden City and so on.Ill also cook some Chinese dishes for them.I am sure they will have a great and unforgettable time in Beijing.Im looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li lHua【解析】【分析】本篇是材料作文，以书信格式，根据所给材料写申请信；书写时材料要用全，注意紧扣主题，结构严谨。【详解】1.本篇是书信格式，以第一人称向学校国际部申请当志愿者；根据材料提示，介绍自己的情况用一般现在时，计划如何安排周末活动用一般将来时。2.本例文层次分明，第一层阐述自己申请的理由，介绍自己开朗的性格适合志愿者的工作；第二层详细介绍给英国学生安排哪些周末活动；最后表明自己的期待。文体正确，文句通顺，内容完整。3.本例文恰当地使用了很多的短语和句型，是文章文句精彩。如：用不定式would like to be a volunteer to receive the British students阐述自己的愿望，make friends、Its easy for me to get along well with等介绍自己合适志愿者的工作；用动词短语have some plans for、 介词短语like the Great Wall，the Forbidden City and so on.、宾语从句I am sure they will have a great and unforgettable time in Beijing.详细介绍周末的活动，短语丰富，句型多样。7请你根据下表中所提供的信息以“Learn to express thanks”为题，用英语写一篇演讲稿。背 景1.认为上中学时吃好穿好是应该的；2.走向社会后没有感恩意识。学会感恩1.感谢社会提供良好的教育机会；2.感谢父母供养自己上学；3.感谢老师传授知识；4.感谢朋友的支持与鼓励。 参考词汇：enter society 进入社会， sense of thanks 感恩意识， behavior 行为要求：1.短文应包括所提供的所有内容，可以适当发挥，不要简单翻译；2.演讲稿中不得出现真实的人名、地名及能够透露你个人身份的信息；3.词数：80词左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Good morning, boys and girls!The topic of my speech today is “Learn to express thanks”._