气动马达的设计与研究design-and-research-on-pneumatic-vane-motor-roofbolter.doc

理工学院 毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译
气动马达的设计与研究
杜长龙 杨善国 杨秀
（机电材料工程学院 中国矿业科技大学，苏州，221008，中国）
摘要：气动马达是将压力能转换为机械能的能量转换装置，特点为防爆、负载安全、绝不烧损、无段速度控制、紧急动力驱动、瞬间正逆转向、安装灵活、可在电动马达、油压马达、步进马达、伺服马达不适用场合下使用。多种减速比可供选配。结构简单、体积小、重量轻、操作容易、维修方便。广泛用于搅拌设备、涂装设备、食品药物包装、研磨机、矿井设备及自动生产线等设备上。
在对现今气动叶片电机结构原理分析的基础上, ,我们提出了气动叶轮液压马达这一设想，并对此进行了研究。MFT80Y类型的气动马达的构造原理，是旋转剪切机制研究的新项目。它整合了气动叶片电机以及行星齿轮减速装置。旋转剪切机制的数学模型力求优化设计，按照MATLAB优化工具箱的指令而绘制。MFT80Y类型的气动马达的性能，设计优化，经现场试验。
关键词: 锚杆钻机 , 气动马达、优化设计
0.简介
由于单电源，重量轻，输出性能优良等特点，气动锚杆钻机已被广泛应用于矿井设备。根据气动马达的不同结构，气动锚杆分为缸电机，齿轮电机，叶片电机三种类型。其中，叶片马达类型结构最优。特点是：尺寸小，输出功率大，低噪音，低扭矩脉动。此外，在叶片顶端磨损和撕裂后，它还可以自动延伸到补偿。本文旨在设计及研究气动锚杆钻机，在强调旋转剪切机构的优化设计同时，介绍样机的研究和工业性试验结果。
1.构造原理
新设计的MFT-80Y型气动锚杆钻机马达叶片如图1所示。它主要构成旋转剪切机制，推进机制和运行机制。其中，旋转剪切机制是由叶片气动电动机，一个阶段的行星齿轮箱和供水系统构成。;推进机制是由具有两个玻璃纤维伸缩腿和辅助配件的三个阶段构成。运行机制实行一体化操作处理。

图1 MFT-80Y型锚杆钻机
当压缩空气通过操作阀门的运行机制进入叶片气动时 ，MFT-80Y型锚杆钻机开始旋转，进入工作状态。
2扶轮剪切机构气优化设计
扶轮剪切机构是气动锚杆钻机的重要组成部分。为了使整个锚杆钻机结构紧凑，并完善其功能，以更好地满足消费者的实际需求，本文将采用现代设计方法对扶轮剪切机构进行参数优化设计。
    处于工作状态的气动电机转速通常高达每分钟旋转几千转，而设计的扶轮剪切机构输出转速是每分钟旋转几百转。锚杆钻机通常包括气动马达和速度降低设备。本设计采用单一行为离子叶片气动电机和行星齿轮减速装置。（如图2所示）

图2 RSM 的准则

2.1目标函数和设计变量
根据实际工程中应用的离子要求,此设计以采用最低数量的扶轮剪切机构为目标。缸体的内半径构成了气缸的容量。气缸的容量主要决定气动电机的尺寸和量。太阳齿轮的体积和整个行星齿轮的体积和影响并决定行星齿轮箱的尺寸和量。那么V = V 1 + V2即可看作扶轮剪切机构优化设计的目标功能。 即：

根据它的行星齿轮系统条件之间的关系，气动马达的与齿轮箱输出转动力矩的位移关系公式，以及叶片气动马达的位移公式公式如下：

在公式(1)和(2)中R,B、e、Z、p、分别是定子内半径，转子宽度、偏心距离,叶片数量、叶片厚度。表明气动马达的输入和输出空气压力和容积效率之间的差别。m, b , Z a, c, T 分别代表齿轮模数、齿轮宽度、数目、数字太阳齿轮的行星齿轮、输出力矩和剖析行星变速箱的效率。
通常情况下,有3个行星齿轮，所以独立参数将会影响容量V，R, B，e,Z, m,b ,Za所以设计变量为：

目标函数设计变量可以是:

2.2限制性条件
2.2.1几何限制
（1）根据内部半径为R的定子，转子宽度为B，叶片数，叶片厚度的经验公式，几何限制为：

（2）按不削弱齿轮，齿轮宽度，相邻的行星齿轮限值条件，以及齿轮装配条件，几何约束条件为：

除上述几何限制外，每个设计变量必须在零以下。

2.2.2属性限制
定子叶片气动马达的运用公式,可以写作如下:

该公式中是叶片旋转角。
（1） 气动马达叶片的相对滑动速度的限制性条件可以直接写为：

(2)气动马达的最高线速度的限制条件可直接写为 :

(3)听觉接触疲劳强度的限制：

（4）听觉根弯曲疲劳强度的限制：

综上所述,数学模型的优化设计就是一个最优化的问题，它构成8个变量,以及27个平等和不平等限制条件。如下所示：

基于以上优化设计模型(3), 通过 MATLA工具箱，实现了扶轮剪切机构参数最优化。
3.性能参数和工业测试
通过上述优化方法，我们完成了MFT-80Y型叶片气动马达发动机性能参数:(1)岩硬度< = 8;(2)工作气压0.40~ 0.63兆帕;(3)额定功率2.6千瓦;(4)额定的离子扭矩80KN;(5)最大扭矩120KN;(6)负荷离子速度0 ~ 750 转 /分钟;(7)推动力5 kN。
国内两家知名企业已对该样机进行了工业测试，测试结果显示的是:与同一类型的机器相比,它有如下特性：输出功率大、噪音低、岩石钻探能力强，钻井速度快,操作简单。由此可知，采用最优方法设计的MFT-80Y类型叶片电机、结构简单，使用方便，工作性质良好，结构简单而紧凑，,可应用到煤矿等领域。
4 总结
(1)本文涉及的气动锚杆钻机马达叶片的优点为：体积小、重量轻，，结构简单,使用方便，运行稳定。是锚杆中的最优类型。
(2)本品第一次整合叶片气动马达与行星变速箱，并采用最优设计方法达到参数最优化，实现该产品的最优设计。
(3)此试验表明采用最优设计方法设计的产品取得了令人满意的结果。
参考文献：
[1]杨善国.锚杆钻机气动叶片电机的研究[D]。徐州:中国矿业科技大学.2001
[2] 杜长龙.锚杆钻机的设计与研制[J].中国矿业科技大学学报.2002(1):92 ~ 95
[3]杜长龙.矿山机械的应用程序和优化设计的数学模型 [M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998,124 ~ 13

17

Design and research on pneumatic vane motor roofbolter
DU Changlong YANG Shanguo YANG Xiu
（College of Mechatronic and Material Engineering， China University of Mining and Technology，Xuzhou 221008 China）
Abstract ：Pneumatic motor is will stress can convert mechanical device that converts energy characteristics for explosion-proof, load security, never burning, segmentless speed control, emergency driving, instant are reversed to, installation flexible, can be in electric motors, hydraulic motor, stepping motor, servo motor not applicable occasions use. A variety of slow than available for selection. Simple structure, small volume, light weight, easy operation and easy maintenance. Widely used for mixing equipment, coating equipment, food and drug packaging, grinding machine, mining equipment and automatic production line equipment.
On the basis of analysis of the present roofbolters structures, the pneumatic vane motor roofbolter was proposed and researched. Structure principle of MFT80Y type pneumatic vane motor roofbolter was expounded, a new project of the rotary shearing mechanism with integrating pneumatic vane motor with epicyclic reduction gear unit was carried out, the mathematical model for optimum design of the rotary shearing mechanism was set up, and the optimum design for the rotary shearing mechanism was made by MATLAB Optimization Toolbox. Finally, performance of MFT-80 type pneumatic vane motor roofbolter made with optimum method and the onsite experiment were introduced.
Keywords： roofbolter, pneumatic motor, optimum design
0.Introduction
Pneumatic roofbolter has now been widely used in the coal mine roadway roofbolting due to the features such as excellent output property，single power and light weight，Pneumatic roofbolters are divided into three types which are cylinder motor type，gear motor type and vane motor type according to the different structure of the pneumatic motor。Among them，vane motor type is the optimum type of structure because it can output greater power with small dimension，and it can automatically extend to compensate after the vane top is worn and torn，and because of its stable operation，low noise and small torque pulsation 。 This article will design and research into pneumatic vane motor roofbolter ，which will emphasize the optimum design of the rotary shearing mechanism and introduce the sample machine and industrial test results。
1. Structure principle
The newly designed MFT-80Y type vane motor pneumatic roofbolter is shown in fig.1. It mainly constitutes rotary shearing mechanism, propelling mechanism and operating mechanism. Among them, rotary shearing mechanism is made up by vane pneumatic motor, one stage planetary gearbox and water supply system; propelling mechanism is made up by three stages with two telescopic glass fibre pneumatic leg and auxiliary parts; operating mechanism is integration by combination valve and operating handle.

Fig.1 MFT-80Y type roofbolter
When its working, the compressed air enters the vane pneumatic motor via the operating valve of the operating mechanism, makes it rotate, reduces the speed via one stage planet, and powers the roofbolting tip to drill the rock 5 at the same time W the compressed airenters the glass fibre reinforced plastic pneumaticleg via the operation valve group to drive the drilling rods and tips upward。 then realizes the roofbolting hole formation R When drilling the rock and forming the hole。 hydrostatic water is used to go through the centric hole of the drilling rod to enter the drilling tips to accomplish the cooling and dust extermination。
2 Rotary shearing mechanism ( RSM ) optimum design
RSM is the critical part of pneumatic roofbolter. In order to make the whole arrangement of roofbolter compact and improve the roofbolter function so as to better meet the practical requirements of roofbolting, this article will make parameter optimum design on the RSM by the modern design method.
Because the working rotative velocity of the pneumatic motor is normally as high as several thousand rotation per minute, while the design output rotative velocity of the RSM is just several hundred rotation per minute, the RSM usually includes pneumatic motor and speed reducing equipment. This design adopts single act ion vane pneumatic motor and one stage epicyclic reduction pneumatic motor shown in Fig. 2).

Fig.2 RSM principle
2.1 Target function and design variables
According to the practical applicat ion requirement , this design takes the minimum volume of the RSM as target function, and considers each rict with rest rict forms.
Because the cylinder volume V 1 which is formed by the stator w hose inside radius is R basically determines the dimensions and volume of pneumatic motor , and the sum of sun gear volume and the w hole planetary gear volume V2 can affect and determine the dimensions and volume of planetary gear box , then V = V 1+ V2 is taken as the target function of the RSM whole optimum design, that is

According to the concentric condition of planetary gear system, the relationship formula between the displacement of pneumatic motor and gearbox output rotation torque, and displacement formula of single action vane pneumatic motor, formula ( 1) is arranged as [ 1]

In the formula ( 1) and ( 2 ) , R , B , e, Z, p , are respectively the inside radius of the stator, rotor width, eccentric distance, vane number, vane thickness, the difference between input and output air pressure and volumetric efficiency of the pneumatic motor; m, b , Za, c, T , are respectively gear modulus, gear width, number of sun gear, number of planetary gear, output torque and efficiency of planetary gearbox .
Normally the number of planetary gear is 3, so the independent parameters which will affect volume Vare R, B, e, Z, m, b, Za, so the design variables are selected as:

The target function indicated in design variables can be shown as:

2.2 Restrictive conditions
2.2.1 Heometric restrictions
(1) According to the experiential formula between stator inside radius R and eccentric distance。 the experiential formula between rotor width B and stator inside radius, vane number, and vane thickness, the geometric restrictions are shown as:

(2) According to no undercut of gear, value limits of gear width, planetary gear adjoining Condition, and gear assembly condition, the geometric restriction conditions are shown as:
Except the above geometric restrictions， each design variable must be above zero that is:

2.2 .2 Property restrictions
（1） Literature [1] grants the condition of vane none extricating from the stator of single action vane pneumatic motor, which is written as the following:
In the formula ：（ ） is the vane rotary angle:
（2） The restrictive condition of relative sliding velocity v of pneumatic motor vane in the rotor slot can be directly written as：

（3） The restrictive condition of highest line velocity of pneumatic motor rotor can be directly written as：

（4） Hear face contact fatigue strength restriction：

（5） Hear root bending fatigue strength restriction：

To sum up， the optimum design mathematical model of RSM is an optimum problem that constitutes 8 design variables，27 inequality restrictions and an equality restriction. It can be indicated as：

Based on the above optimum design model（3），The RSM parameters optimization is realized by MATLAB optimum toll box。
3.Performance parameters and industrial test
The performance parameters of the MFT-80Y type vane motor pneumatic roofbolter which is finished with the above optimum method are: （1） Rock hardness＜＝ 8; （2）Working air pressure 0.40~ 0.63 MPa;（3）Rated power 2.6 kW; （4）Rated rotation torque 80 Nm;（5）Maximum torque 120 Nm; （6）load rotation speed 0~ 750 r/ min; （7） Propelling force 5 kN.
Industrial test has been carried out on the sample machine in Yao qiao Coal Mine of Datun Coal and Electric Company and in Zhang ji Coal Mine of Xuzhou Coal Mining Group. The test result s show s: compared with the same type of machines, it has the following characteristics such as great output power, low noise, strong rock drilling capability, rapid drilling speed, and excellent feeling when in operation. From this w e can say that MFT-80Y type vane motor pneumatic roofbolter which is finished using the optimum method has excellent working property, simple and compact st ructure, convenient usage and can meet the application requirements of coal mine w orking field.
4 Conclusions
(1) The vane motor pneumatic roofbolter which this article concerns has the follow ing advantages as simplest ructure, convenient usage, small volume, light weight, stable operation and rotation. It is the optimum type of roofbolters.
(2) This article integrates the vane pneumatic motor and planetary gearbox mechanism for the first time, and adopts the optimum design method to carry out parameter optimization on it, so as to accomplish the optimum design of RSM and finish the product design of MFT80Y type vane motor pneumatic roofbolter.
References
[1] Yang Shanguo.Research on the pneumatic vane motor roofbolter [D]. Xu zhou:China University of Mining and Technology.2001
[2] Du Changlong.Design and research on impactrotary roofbolter[ J]. Journal of Uhina University of Mining ＆ Technology.2002(1):92~95
[3]DuChanglong.Application and mathematical model for optimum design of mine machinery[ M]. Beijing:Coal Industry Publishing House,1998,124~137.
目 录
第一章 总论 1
1.1项目名称与承办单位 1
1.2研究工作的依据、内容及范围 1
1.3编制原则 3
1.4项目概况 3
1.5技术经济指标 5
1.6结论 6
第二章 项目背景及建设必要性 8
2.1项目背景 8
2.2建设的必要性 9
第三章 建设条件 11
3.1项目区概况 11
3.2建设地点选择 错误！未定义书签。
3.3项目建设条件优劣势分析 错误！未定义书签。
第四章 市场分析与销售方案 13
4.1市场分析 13
4.2营销策略、方案、模式 14
第五章 建设方案 15
5.1建设规模和产品方案 15
5.2建设规划和布局 15
5.3运输 18
5.4建设标准 18
5.5公用工程 20
5.6工艺技术方案 21
5.7设备方案 21
5.8节能减排措施 24
第六章 环境影响评价 25
6.1环境影响 25
6.2环境保护与治理措施 26
6.3评价与审批 28
第七章 项目组织与管理 29
7.1组织机构与职能划分 29
7.2劳动定员 29
7.3经营管理措施 30
7.4技术培训 30
第八章 劳动、安全、卫生与消防 31
8.1编制依据及采用的标准 31
8.2安全卫生防护原则 31
8.3自然灾害危害因素分析及防范措施 32
8.4生产过程中产生的危害因素分析及防范措施 32
8.5消防编制依据及采用的标准 34
8.6消防设计原则 35
8.7火灾隐患分析 35
8.8总平面消防设计 35
8.9消防给水设计 36
8.10建筑防火 36
8.11火灾检测报警系统 37
8.12预期效果 37
第九章 项目实施进度 38
9.1实施进度计划 38
9.2项目实施建议 38
第十章 项目招投标方案 40
10.1招标原则 40
10.2项目招标范围 40
10.3投标、开标、评标和中标程序 40
10.4评标委员会的人员组成和资格要求 42
第十一章 投资估算和资金筹措 43
11.1投资估算 43
11.2资金筹措及使用计划 45
第十二章 财务评价 47
12.1费用与效益估算 47
12.2财务分析 48
12.3不确定性分析 49
12.5财务评价结论 50
第十三章 建设合理性分析 51
13.1产业政策符合性分析 51
13.2清洁生产符合性分析 51
13.3规划符合性分析 51
13.4项目建设环保政策符合性分析 51
13.5环境承载性分析 51
13.6结论 52
第十四章 结论与建议 53