人教版七年级下册生物期末易错题汇总.doc

人教版七年级下册生物期末易错题汇总七年级下生物易错题一、选择题：（） 1. 下列哪项不是人类特有的特征：A. 有复杂的语言B.使用工具C.直立行走D.大脑发达（） 2. 直立行走使古人类能够：A. 将果实从树上摘下来B.保护环境，减小对环境的依赖C. 将前肢解放出来，使用工具D.扩大活动范围，利于生存（） 3. 古人类学会用食物，改善了身体的营养，有利于脑的发育。A石器切割B 树枝获取C 石块敲打D 火烧烤（） 4. 根据露西少女骨骼化石，科学家们可推测当时的人类：A. 已经产生语言B.不能直立行走，前肢与后肢一样C. 能直立行走，前肢和后肢不一样D.大脑已经很发达（） 5. 下列关于胎儿从母体获得营养物质的途径是：A. 脐带胎盘母体胎儿B. 胎盘脐带母体胎儿C. 母体胎盘脐带胎儿D. 母体脐带胎盘胎儿（） 6. 患有下列疾病的夫妇，可以通过试管婴儿技术获得自己的亲生孩子：A. 丈夫睾丸发育不良，妻子正常B. 丈夫正常，妻子输卵管堵塞C. 丈夫精子不育，妻子输卵管堵塞D. 丈夫正常，妻子卵巢发育不良（） 7. 细胞中含量最多的营养物质是（）A. 水B. 糖类C.蛋白质D.脂肪（） 8. 欲购买无污染、安全、优质的食品，要关注下图中的哪个标志： A. B. C. D.（） 9. 各类营养物质在人体消化道内开始被消化的顺序是蛋白质淀粉脂肪A.B.C.D.三类营养物质同时被消化（） 10. 小红同学为自己设计了4 份午餐食谱，请你判断哪份食谱营养更合理。A. 米饭、鱼、牛肉、虾B.鱼、牛肉、青菜、苹果C. 米饭、青菜、黄瓜、苹果D.米饭、鱼、牛肉、青菜、苹果（） 11下列营养物质需要经过消化才能被吸收的是A 维生素B 无机盐C水D 脂肪（） 12钙是构成骨髓和牙齿的无机盐，少年儿童缺钙会出现A骨质疏松症B佝偻病C地方性甲状腺肿D脚气病（） 13晓莉的爷爷被诊断为夜盲症，为辅助治疗，他平时应多吃A富含维生素A 的食物B富含维生素B 的食物C 富含维生素C 的食物D 富含维生素D 的食物（） 14为尽快获得能量，长跑前最好补充A花生B牛奶C葡萄糖D牛肉干（） 15某同学的妈妈因病手术，他为妈妈准备了以下营养品，其中最有利于伤口愈合的是A苹果、香蕉B牛奶、鸡蛋C巧克力、橙汁D面包、饼干（） 16如右图中曲线表示食物通过人体消化道时，蛋白质、淀粉、脂肪被消化的程度，字母A、 B、 C、 D、 E 表示消化道各器官， 下列说法正确的是A图中B 表示胃，能消化淀粉和蛋白质B曲线Y 为淀粉的消化C图中D 段表示小肠，里面有肠液、胰液和胆汁D图中E 有消化作用（） 17. 平常所说的痰来自：A. 鼻B.咽C.喉D.气管、支气管（） 18.人呼出的气体和吸入的气体相比，成分的主要变化是：A. 氧增加，二氧化碳减少B.氧和二氧化碳都不变C. 氧和二氧化碳都减少D.氧含量减少，二氧化碳含量增加（） 19右图中甲、乙两人所处的呼吸运动过程分别是：A. 甲、乙都吸气B.甲、乙都呼气C. 甲吸气、乙呼气D.甲呼气、乙吸气（） 20. 人体输送血液的泵是：A. 心脏B.肾脏C.静脉D.毛细血管甲乙（） 21. 中医说的“望、闻、问、切”中的“切”指的是号脉，这里的脉是指：A. 动脉B.静脉C.毛细血管D.经络（） 22. 大面积烧伤病人和严重贫血病人应该分别输给：A. 鲜血和红细胞B.血浆和白细胞C. 血浆和红细胞D.鲜血和白细胞（） 23血液与细胞间进行物质交换的场所是A心脏 B动脉 C静脉 D毛细血管（） 24房室瓣能保证心脏内的血液按一定的方向流动，其中血液方向正确的是A左心室右心房B左心房左心室C右心室左心房D右心室右心房（） 25血液循环的动力来自心脏。右图是哺乳动物心脏内部结构及与其相连 的血管示意图。有关分析正确的是A B 是右心室 B H 是主动脉C C 中流的是动脉血D D 中的血液流向E （） 26某病人臀部肌肉注射了青霉素，他体内的药物最先出现在心脏的A左心室B左心房C右心房D右心室（） 27.血液流经肾脏后血浆成分发生的主要变化是A. 尿素和氧的含量都增加B.尿素的含量减少, 氧的含量增加C. 尿素和氧的含量都减少D.尿素的含量增加, 氧的含量减少（） 28. 下列不属于排泄的是A排出尿液B排出汗液C排出粪便D呼出二氧化碳（） 29、为什么每天形成的原尿约180 升，而每天排出的尿液只有1.5 升？A因为肾小球和肾小囊具有过滤作用B因为肾小管具有重新吸收作用C因为膀胱具有贮存尿液的作用D因为尿道具有排出尿液的作用（） 30、为什么尿的形成是连续的，而尿的排出却是间歇的？A因为肾小球和肾小囊具有过滤作用B因为肾小管具有重新吸收作用C因为膀胱具有贮存尿液的作用D因为尿道具有排出尿液的作用（） 31 这是某人的验尿单，依据所学的知识，可判断此人出现病变的部位是：A 、肾小球B、肾小囊 C、肾小管D、肾动脉（） 32. “植物人”是指具有呼吸和心跳、而没有其他活动的病人，可以肯定病人的脑没有受到损伤的部位是A大脑B脑干C小脑D中脑（） 33. 当守门员注视远处向自己飞来的足球时，其眼球的具体变化是A. 晶状体曲度由小变大B.晶状体曲度由长变短C.晶状体曲度由大变小 D.晶状体曲度由短变长（ ） 34、 产生视觉的部位在：A 、角膜B、视网膜C 、视神经D 、视觉中枢（） 35、 下列各组腺体中，都是内分泌腺的是：A 、唾液腺、汗腺、甲状腺B 、肠腺、胰腺、肝脏C、垂体、甲状腺、胰腺D 、肾上腺，胰岛，垂体（） 36、反射和反射弧的关系是：A 、只要反射弧完整，必然出现反射活动B 、反射活动必须通过反射弧来实现C、反射活动不一定通过反射弧来实现D 、反射和反射弧在性质上完全相同（） 37、下列现象属于简单反射的是：A 、鹦鹉学舌B、谈虎色变C、金鸡报晓D、惊弓之鸟（） 38、 在膝跳反射的反射弧中，若传出神经受到损害，反射活动将：A 、不能进行，但能运动B、能进行，但不能运动C、能进行，但对刺激无感觉D、不能进行，但对刺激有感觉（） 39、下列各病症中，由同一种激素分泌紊乱引起的是：A 、糖尿病和坏血病B、侏儒症和巨人症C、呆小症和佝偻病D、侏儒症和地方性甲状腺肿（） 40. 调节人体生理活动的最高级中枢位于A. 小脑B. 大脑C. 脊髓D. 神经（） 41. 杂技团中的演员在表演走钢丝时神经系统起着主要作用的结构是A. 大脑B. 小脑C. 脑干D. 脊髓（） 42. 脑与躯体、内脏之间的联系通道是A. 脑神经B. 脊神经C. 脊髓D. 脑干（） 43、造成温室效应的主要原因和解决全球变暖危机的重要措施分别是：A 、二氧化硫等有毒气体的大量产生；种植苔藓来吸收二氧化硫 B、煤，石油、天然气的大量燃烧；营造森林，绿地 C、人造含氟制冷剂的使用；采用无氟制冷剂D 、汽油和工厂排放的废气和烟尘；收取排污费，限令整改（） 44、酸雨对生态系统的破坏很大，被称为“空中死神”。酸雨形成的主要原因是： A 、二氧化碳污染 B 、农药污染 C、工厂排出大量的二氧化硫D 、火山爆发多选 （） 45 为了保护环境，在购买下列生活用品是，你将优先选择哪些？（在括号内打钩）A、纸质贺卡（）B、节能荧光灯（）C、 含磷洗衣粉（）D、电子贺卡（）E、可充电电池（）F、 无磷洗衣粉（）G、塑料包装袋（）H、纸质包装袋（）I、一次性筷子（） 二、识图填空：46. 右图为模拟膈肌运动的模型。图中A. B. C. D. E. 。两个图合起来表示肺与 进行气体交换的过程。（ 3）表示吸气的模型是 。47. 右为人体血液循环示意图，据图回答下列问题：写出图中下列标号所示结构的名称：A ;B ;E 通过 F 处气体交换后， 血液由 血变成 血。 体循环始于 。（填字母代号）48下图为尿液的形成过程示意图，表中的液体A、 B、 C 分别取自于图示结构的不同部位，经过化验得到如下数据。图中组成肾单位的结构有：3 ； 4 ；5 。(2) 分析表中各成分的含量变化，你认为液体A 应是 ，液体 B应是 ，它是经过 作用在肾小囊中形成的。液体C 应是 。 (3) 若肾小管吸收作用有问题，则在液体C 中会出现的物质有 。（ 4）某人的尿量比正常情况下增加数倍，发生病变的部位可能是 49、右图是反射弧结构模式图，（ 1）神经调节的基本方式是 ，其结构基础是 。（ 2）写出下列名称：1 ， 2 ，3 4 ，5 。（ 3）若患者只是结构5 受损，用针刺激结构1，患者会出现的反应是 。答案：一 、 1B,2C,3D,4C,5C,6B,7A , 8A,9B10D11D , 12B,13A, 14C ,15B ，16C,17D,18D,19C,20A ， 21A,22C,23D,24B,25D ， 26C,27C,28C,29B,30C ，31A,32B,33A,34D,35D ， 36B,37C,38D,39B,40B ， 41C ,42C,43B ,44C ，45 ( 多选 )B D E F H 、二、 46 （ 1）气管，支气管，肺，膈肌，胸廓（ 2）外界（ 3）乙47（ 1）左心室，右心室，肺动脉（ 2）静脉，动脉（ 3） A48（ 1）肾小球，肾小囊，肾小管（ 2）血浆，原尿，过滤，尿液（ 3）葡萄糖(4)肾小管49（ 1）反射，反射弧（ 2）感受器，传入神经，神经中枢，传出神经，效应器（ 3）产生痛觉，但不能完成反射。42019年山东省临沂市九年级中考生物试题（解析版）(1)泰州市二一九年初中毕业、升学统一考试英语试题(考试时间：120分钟满分：120分)注意事项：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。2.所有试题的答案均填写在答题卡上，答案写在试卷上无效。第一部分 选择题 (共60分) 一、单项选择从下列每题所给的选项中, 选择一个最佳答案。 (15分) 1. As _volunteer at the Beijing Expo 2019 (园艺博览会),Lu Ming understands _idea of green life better than before. A. a; an B. a; the C. the; an D. the; the2. My mother has a poor _of direction, so she is always afraid to go out alone. A. scene B. silence C. service D. sense3. After the terrible explosion(爆炸) in Xiangshui, Yancheng, many people from cities around came to hospitals to _blood. A. devote B. create C. donate D. celebrate4. -You look pale today, Madam! Whats the matter with you? - _ serious. Just a cold. A. Something B. Anything C. Nothing D. Everything5. Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to Beijing! And if you need any help, please call me _010-5558 6390.A. at B. on C. with D. by6. -How about the fruit salad? -Yummy! It tastes very _. By the way, who made it? A. good B. bad C. well D. badly7. In order to protect the environment, all the countries should work _with each other. A. close B. closely C. near D. nearly8. In his e-mail, David promised _his daughter during her stay in Japan. A. visiting B. visit C. visited D. to visit9. -Have you ever been to Shanghai? -Of course. Actually, I _there for six years but now I live in Taizhou. A. worked B. was workingC. would work D. have worked10. -This task is really beyond me. -Well, if you _solve it, you wont get paid.A. cant B. neednt C. mustnt D. shouldnt11. A forest fire _ at the end of March in Liangshan, Sichuan Province. Firemen rushed into the mountains but 27 of them never came back.A. turned out B. carried out C. put outD. broke out12. -I missed the film The Wandering Earth-What a pity! It is _ meaningful film that it is really worth seeing.A. such a B. so C. such D. so a13. -Sorry, Mrs Smith. I am late.-_. Please go to your seat.A. All rightB. With pleasure C. Thats OK D. Youre welcome14. I have spent several nights preparing for the coming exam. -Its bad for you to stay up too late. As the saying goes, _. A. You are never too old to learn. B. Actions speak louder than words.C. You cant burn the candle at both ends. D. You cant put all your eggs in one basket.15. - Next Friday is my mothers birthday. Im thinking about _. _ Good boy! And please give my best wishes to her. A. what present I gave her B. how I can give her a surpriseC. if I planned a party for her D. where will my family have a big meal二、完形填空 阅读短文，从每题所给选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(15分) I will never forget May 15, 2011. That night, my car crashed 16 a tree and everything has changed ever since. I lost most of my right 17 , and I was left bleeding with several broken bones. At the hospital, my body was 18 , but my mind was still very clear. I just kept 19_ myself to hold on. Life must go on since I was still 20 . Two weeks later, I was allowed to go home. 21 I left the hospital, the fight was far from over. My left leg was badly hurt in that accident as well, as a result, I had to receive different _22 during the next few years. And soon, more of my right leg had to be cut off. This made it harder to wear my artificial leg (假肢) , so I donated it to another girl who couldnt 23 one. The joy of being able to provide this gift for someone else was 24 than the happiness I felt on any day I could wear it myself. People often tell me they are 25 of me for staying strong. But in my mind, being strong has always been my only 26 . On the day I left the hospital, I made a promise to 27 to make good use of every day to live life to the fullest. I am not only confident but I hope to help those around me. In 2017, I 28 started modeling. My dream is that one day a little girl will see me in a magazine and say, Wow, she only has one leg but she is beautiful 29 confidence and bravery My dream is simple: to 30 every man, woman and child to know and believe that they are.16. A. toward B. over C. upon D. into17. A. armB. ear C. eye D. leg18. A. calm B. strong C. weak D. ill19. A. teaching B. telling C. leading D. advising20. A. alive B. lively C. live D. lovely21. A. Since B. So C. Because D. Although22. A. operations B. gifts C. prizes D. thoughts23. A. offer B. afford C. borrow D. accept24. A. greater B. smaller C. less D. fewer25. A. afraid B. tired C. proud D. guilty26. A. chance B. choice C. wish D. trouble27. A. the doctor B. the girl C. myself D. my friends28. A. often B. even C. seldom D. also29. A. because of B. instead of C. more than D. better than30. A. allow B. order C. invite D. encourage三、阅读理解 阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容选择最佳答案。(30分)AAfter learning about these famous women, you will know you can do a lot for society, and make a difference to the world in your lifetime.Amelia Earhart(1897-1937 )Amelia Earhart was the first woman who ever flew alone across the Atlantic in 1932. She became the first woman pilot in 1935 after flying from Hawaii to California. She began her lifelong dream of flying across the world in 1937. However, her flight went missing on that trip and she was never seen again.Helena Rubinstein (1870-1965 )Helena Rubinstein moved to Australia in 1902 without the ability to speak English. Later, she set up one of the worlds first cosmetic ( 化妆品) companies after mixing lanolin, which is an oil山at comes from sheeps wool, with flowers. Because of that, she became the worlds richest woman at that time.Katharine Hepburn (1907-2003 )Katharine Hepburn was known for playing strong-willed women in her films. She won four Academy Awards(奥斯卡金像奖) for Best Actress, the most an actress has ever won. Her new dress style made wearing trousers acceptable to women, which wasnt allowed at that time.Emmeline Pankhurst (1858-1928)Emmeline was a great woman activist. She helped British women get the right to vote. She fought for the rights of women all the time with the help of her husband in the late 19th century and early 20th century. After she lost her husband, she worked together with her three daughters and formed The Women Social and Political Union.31. According to the passage, which word can best describe Amelia tarhart? A. Brave. B. Careful. C. Lucky. D. Energetic.32. What was the problem for Helena Rubinstein when she moved to Australia? A. She didnt have any money. B. She couldnt speak English. C. She knew nothing about business. D. She didnt know how to dress up.33. How many times did Katharine Hepburn win Academy Awards for Best Actress? A. Once. B. Twice. C. Three times. D. Four times.34. What did Emmeline Pankhurst fight for during her lifetime? A. Her dream to be a pilot. B. Womens rights in the UK. C. Womens rights in the USA. D. Her dream to be an actress.35. What do the four women above have in common? A. A creative mind. B. A warm heart. C. A pioneer spirit. D. A good education.B Each year on Feb 21, UNESCO ( 联合国教科文组织) holds an International Mother Language Day (IMLD ). The event is to help people to pay attention to the disappearance of the worlds languages; many of them are disappearing each year. UNESCO sees this as a terrible fact. What happens when a language dies out? Something great is lost-not just sounds and marks but the way that people understand the world and communicate with each other. We keep different cultures and traditions through languages. Kill a language and all these are killed too.Through IMLD, more and more people come to realize he terrible situation and try to stop it.Googles 2018 Endangered (濒临灭绝的) Languages Project is a good example. Many speakers and protectors of endangered languages upload (上传) texts, audios and videos to the project website. They want to introduce the way that people communicate and express themselves around the world.The Myaamia Project is the same kind of effort to revive the language spoken by the Miami tribes (部落) of the United States. Project members work to encourage people to study and communicate with this language , which died out in the 1960s.These activities give life to those endangered languages. People who work to keep Languagesalive are not limited to the past. Many young people design apps and use social media to support their activities. They spread the word to save the world.So, while the problem of disappearing languages remains a very serious one, there is hope. We all have a special feeling of our mother language. This is why we should remember the wise words of late president of South Africa, Nelson Mandela: If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to a man in his own language，that goes to his heart.36. UNESCO holds IMLD every year in order to help people to _. A. learn and use endangered languages B. show their talents in lea