中国进出口动物源性食品安全管理体系.doc

中国进出口动物源性食品安全管理体系562020年5月29日文档仅供参考中国进出口动物源性食品安全管理体系介绍Introduction of Official Safety Control on Chinese Products of Animal Origin for Export & Import一、进出口食品安全法律、法规和标准体系Laws, Regulations and Standards on Import and Export Food Safety (一)法律Laws1、Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Import and Export Commodity Inspection2、Law of the Peoples Republic of China on the Entry and Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine3、Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Animal Disease Prevention4、Food Hygiene Law of the Peoples Republic of China5、Product Quality Law of the Peoples Republic of China1、Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on the Entry and Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine2、Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Import and Export Commodity Inspection3、Administrative Regulations of the Peoples Republic of China on Veterinary Medicine4、Administrative Regulations of the Peoples Republic of China on Feeding Fodder5、Administrative Regulations of the Peoples Republic of China on Pesticides6、Administrative Regulations of the Peoples Republic of China on Breeding Stock and Poultry(三)部门规章Regulations of Ministry 1、动物卫生控制Animal Disease Control(1)(国家质检总局第26号局令)(2)(1999年10月20日农业部发布)(3)(4)(5)关于印发等7个重大动物疫病防治技术规范的通知(1) Control Measures for report on animal epidemic situation (issued by Ministry of Agriculture on Oct 20th, 1999) (2) Control Measures for Inspection and Quarantine of Live Birds Supplied to Hong Kong and Macao (Order of AQSIQ No.26) (3) Specifications on State Animal Epidemic Situation of report and Forecast(4) State Emergency Provision On Prevention and Cure of HPAI(5) Notification regarding of issuing 7 important epizootic control technical protocols including Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Control Technical Protocol ( MOA No. 74)2、进出口肉类、水产品及蜂蜜生产加工卫生安全控制Hygiene and Safety control on Processing of Meat, Aquatic product and honey for export and import(1)(国家质检总局 第26号令)(2)(3)(4)(国家质检总局 31号令)(5)(国家质检总局第20号局令)(6)关于印发的通知(1) Control Measures for Inspection and Quarantine of Meat for entry-exit (AQSIQ Announcement No. 26, )(2) Regulation on Drug Usage Control for Export Chicken(3) Inspection and Quarantine requirements for Export Chicken and Chicken Products(4) Inspection and Quarantine Administrative Measures for Entry and Exit Aquatic Products (AQSIQ Announcement No. 31, )(5) Inspection and Quarantine Administrative Measures on honey and honey Products for export (CIQ Announcement No. 20)3、出口食品企业注册管理Administration on Registration of Food Establishments for Export(1)(国家质检总局 第20号令)(2)( 认监委第3号公告)(3)(认监委 第15号公告)(4)(1) Administrative Regulation of Sanitary Registration for Food processing Establishment for Export (AQSIQ Announcement No. 20)(2) Regulation on Administration of HACCP Management System Certification (CNCA Announcement No.3 )(3) Regulation for Administration of Domestic Manufacturers Regarding Food Export Registration in Foreign Countries (CNCA Announcement No.15, )(4) Administrative Measures of registration on farm of eels for export4、残留监控Residue Monitoring(1)(2)(农业部令20号)(3)(4)(5)关于发布的通知(1) Administrative Regulations on detailed rules for implementation of Veterinary drugs (2) Administrative Regulations for implementation of Pesticide (MOA ORDER No.20)(2) Special Renovation Plan on Drug residues of aquatic products(3) Quality Control Guideline for Analysis of Residues(4) Notice on MRLs of veterinary drugs in the foods of animal5、病原微生物控制Pathogen Control(1)关于执行国家标准的通知(2) (3)(4) (5)(1) Circular Letter on the Implementation of National Standards of Fresh, Frozen Poultry Products(2) Circular Letter on Further Strengthening Quality Controls of Exported Chicken Products(3) Emergency Circular on Further Strengthening AI Prevention and Identification (4) Circular Letter on Further Strengthening Quality Controls of the Import of Meat Products(5) Management of Quality Inspection, Supervision and Quarantine of the Import and Export of Meat Products6、出口食品加工储运卫生控制 Sanitary Control in Processing and Storage of Foods for Export(1) (2)等规范(4)第52号局令(1) Administrative Regulation of Sanitary Registration for Food processing Establishment for Export (2) Sanitation Criteria for Slaughtering and Processing Enterprises of meat Products, and ect.(3) Administrative measure of supervision on quality and safety of food Processing Enterprises(四)技术标准1、国际标准( International Standards)(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(1) Terrestrial Animal Health Code(2) Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals(3) Aquatic Animal Health Code(4) Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals(5) International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures(6) Relative standards of Codex Alimentarius Commission2、国内标准(部分GB与SN标准)Domestic standards (Some GB and SN)(1)GB 2707-1994 猪肉卫生标准 (2)GB 2710-1996 鲜(冻)禽肉卫生标准 (3)SN/T 041895 出口冻家兔肉检验规程 (4)SN/T 041995 出口冻肉用鸡检验规程(5)SN/T 038495 出口冻对虾检验 (1) GB 2707-1994 Hygiene standard for pork (2) GB 2710-1996 Hygienic standard for fresh (frozen) poultry(3) SN/T 041895 Rule for inspection of frozen rabbit meat for export(4) SN/T 041995 Rule for inspection of frozen chicken for export(5) SN/T 038495 Rule of the inspection of frozen prawn for export二、组织管理体系(Management System)(一)组织机构Organization根据中国有关法律法规和十届全国人大一次会议批准经过的新一届政府机构,中国涉及动物健康与保护、植物保护以及食品安全的官方机构主要有三个,即国家质量监督检验检疫总局、农业部和卫生部。According to relevant Chinese laws and regulations, currently there are three governmental bodies involved in animal health, animal and plant protection and food safetyGeneral Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the Peoples Republic of China (AQSIQ) , Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) and Ministry of Health1、国家质量监督检验检疫总局(国家质检总局):General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the Peoples Republic of China (AQSIQ) 4月由原国家出入境检验检疫局与原国家质量技术监督局合并组建而成,是国务院直属的正部级部门。国家质检总局主管全国质量、计量、出入境商品检验、出入境卫生检疫、出入境动植物检疫和认证认可、标准化等工作。质检总局内设办公厅等15个机构,同时管理国家认证认可监督管理委员会和国家标准化管理委员会。两个委员会分别负责综合、协调全国的认证认可工作和统一管理、监督和综合协调全国的标准化工作。AQSIQ is a ministerial body directly under the State Council, merged by the former State Administration for Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine of the Peoples Republic of China and State Administration for Quality, Technology Supervision of the Peoples Republic of China in April . The scope of responsibility of AQSIQ mainly covers national quality supervision, equipment calibration, entry-exit commodity inspection, entry-exit sanitary quarantine, entry-exit quarantine of animals and plants, certification and accreditation, standardization, etc. There are 15 departments under AQSIQ, excluding the two institutions, Certification and Accreditation Administration of the Peoples Republic of China and Standardization Administration Committee of the Peoples Republic of China, respectively responsible for the integration, coordination and supervision of certification and accreditation, and standardization.国家质检总局在全国各省、自治区、直辖市和主要口岸设立了35个直属检验检疫局,在各省市设立质量技术监督局,国家质检总局负责管理该35个直属检验检疫局的业务工作,并对其人、财、物统一实施垂直管理。各直属检验检疫局在海陆空口岸和货物集散地设立分支机构,全国共有272个检验检疫分支局和278个办事处,共设有452个实验室,约有3 人,其中负责进出境动物及动物产品的检验、检疫、出证和出口食品加工企业的监督管理等工作的约有6000人。现有专职官方兽医2700名,拥有动物产品和食品的检验检疫设备10000台套。Currently AQSIQ has set up 35 CIQ bureaus and several Quality and Technology Supervision bureaus , whose operations, personnel and properties are in its vertical integration. Under the 35 bureaus, there are 282 branches and 281 offices, mainly located in different ports and goods distributing centers across the country. AQSIQ has 452 laboratories, 10,000 sets of inspection and quarantine equipment, and a staff population of around 35,000, among whom 2,700 are full-time official veterinarians and about 6,000 are responsible for entry-exit quarantine and quality inspection of animals and animal products, issuing health certificates and supervision and control of food processing plants producing products for export.2、中华人民共和国国家认证认可监督管理局,是国务院组建并授权的履行行政管理职能,统一管理,监督和综合协调全国认证认可工作的主管机构。其主要职能之一是负责进出口食品和化妆品生产、加工单位的卫生注册登记的评审和注册等工作,办理注册通报和向国外推荐事宜。Certification and Accreditation Administration of the Peoples Republic of China (CNCA) is established by the State Council, and is authorized by the State Council to exercise administrative responsibilities by undertaking unified management, supervision and overall coordination of certification and accreditation activities across the country.3、农业部 Ministry of Agriculture (MOA)农业部畜牧兽医局负责全国动物健康和兽医公共卫生,负责全国动物疫病的防治、诊断、疫情控制、疫情通报、兽药管理、残留控制、对畜禽及其产品实施检疫等工作。对设在全国各地的31个省级畜牧兽医局(厅)的工作进行行业指导等。设在全国各地的省级、地级与县级畜牧兽医局负责本地区动物疫病的防治、诊断、疫情控制、疫情通报、兽药管理、实施残留控制、对供应当地市场的畜禽与畜禽产品实施检疫等工作。Bureau of Animal Production and Health is a department under the Ministry of Agriculture responsible for animal health and veterinary public health in China. Its scope of responsibility includes animal disease prevention and diagnosis, epidemic control and notification, veterinary drug management, residue control, quarantine of livestock and poultry and their products, etc. It also exerts control and guidance on the work of animal production and health bureaus at provincial levels, which are responsible for animal disease prevention and diagnosis, epidemic control and notification, veterinary drug management, residue control, quarantine of livestock and poultry and their products at local levels.农业部在全国还设有四所国家级兽医研究机构,如中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所、中国农业科学院上海寄生虫病研究所、中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所、农业部动物检疫所。各省也都设有相应的畜牧兽医研究机构。分别开展对兽医疫病的病原控制等方面的研究。There are four national veterinary research institutes across the country, namely, Institute of Animal Quarantine of MOA, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai Verminosis Research Institute, Lanzhou Veterinary Institute. The latter three belong to China Academy of Agricultural Sciences. There are also many provincial veterinary research institutes that constitute a network conducting studies on pathogenic control of animal diseases, etc.3、卫生部 Ministry of Health 由国务院主管,下设卫生监督中心、县及以上各级卫生行政部门和中国CDC(营安所)。其中卫生监督中心是行政执行机构,下设同级卫生监督所(局)。中国CDC(营安所)是技术支持部门,下设同级CDC。口岸进口食品监督检验机构,全国共有10万左右的卫生监督员,20余万的食品卫生检验人员。 The Ministry of Health, under which there are health supervision centers, health administrative departments at county level and above and China CDC, is accountable for the State Council. Health supervision centers are administrative, executive bodies, while China CDC is responsible for technical support. There are about 100,000 food supervisors and over 200,000 food inspectors within the entry border food supervision services under the Ministry of Health.(二)管理内容与范围2.2 Object and Scope of Import and Export Food Safety Control1、食品安全管理的内容包括:2.2.1 Objectwhat needs to be controlled(1)有害生物:病原微生物,虫(体内、外寄生虫,昆虫),害(有害物质、杂草等);Harmful existences: pathogenic microbes, pests (celozoic and ectozoic parasites, insects), weeds and other harmful substances.(2)残留(农药与兽药残留,重金属,生物与化学毒素,有毒物质,超标的微量元素);Residues: pesticides and veterinary drug residues, heavy metal, chemical toxins, toxic substances, trace elements, etc.(3)新源性食品(转基因食品,促生长类添加物,保健食品,特殊营养物质等)。Novel Foods: GMOs, growth promoters, health-care products, special nutrients, etc. 2、食品安全管理的范围(Scope of Food Safety Control)食品安全管理的范围包括生产、加工、仓储、运输、进出口销售等环节和内容Scopethe whole supply chain including Production, Processing, Storage, Transportation, and Distribution(1)生产 Production(2)加工 Processing(3)仓储 Storage(4)运输 Transportation(5)销售或进出口 Distribution or Import & Export.兽医卫生防疫体系 (Measures on Bio-security of Veterinary)(一)农业部对动物疫病的卫生控制1. Control of Animal Diseases by MOA农业部门经过对国内流通领域的动物疫病的预防、动物和动物产品的检疫、疫病的控制和扑灭、动物防疫监督以及运输控制等环节实现对动物疾病的卫生控制。对外来动物疫病与应报告的动物疫病,严格按照OIE的规定要求,进行控制。MOA and its related departments at local levels exert control over domestic animal diseases through measures on disease prevention, quarantine, control and eradication, supervision of animal disease prevention and transportation administration. All disease no matter its foreign or local, it should be reported and controlled in strict accordance with OIE regulations and requirements.(二)检验检疫部门对出口供宰动物的卫生控制Sanitary Control on Animals for slaughtering by Supervision and Quarantine Authorities1、 对饲养场的疫病控制与检疫监管Disease Control and Quarantine Supervision on Farms国家质检总局规定:所有出口禽肉加工企业必须建立”五统一(即统一屠宰,统一供雏,统一供料,统一供药,统一防疫)”的管理体系,所屠宰的商品肉鸡必须来自经检验检疫机构备案的商品鸡场。AQSIQ requires that all processing plants producing poultry meat for export should establish five-unification management system, i.e., unification of chick supply, unification of feed supply, unification of drug supply, unification of vaccination, and unification of slaughtering; that all chicken for slaughtering must be from farms that have been put on file by supervision and quarantine authorities.出口禽肉加工企业的兽医人员与兽医实验室接受当地兽医防疫机构与检验检疫机构的监督检查与管理。当地兽医防疫机构与检验检疫机构对出口禽肉企业肉禽的饲养、防疫、用药、免疫与疫病控制以及屠宰进行检疫检验与监督管理。Plant veterinarians and laboratories are subject to the control of local veterinary authorities and CIQs, who also supervise and regulate feeding, disease-prevention, drug-application, immunization and disease control, and slaughtering in plants. 2、宰前与宰后检疫 3.2.2 Ante- and Post-mortem Quarantine国家质检总局 10月颁布实施的规定:各检验检疫机构要做好屠宰家禽的宰前与宰后兽医检疫监管。Regulation for Entry-exit Meat Inspection and Quarantine, issued in October by AQSIQ, prescribes that CIQ at all levels should perform ante-mortem and post-mortem quarantine supervision on poultries.3、动物疫病监测与检测 3.2.3 Detection and Monitoring of Animal Diseases各检验检疫机构对所有供屠宰家禽进行禽流感和新城疫的检疫和监测。对所屠宰的家禽在出栏前3-5天采取喉腔与泄殖腔棉拭子样品, 每个饲养群不少于30个样品,按照荧光RT-PCR方法或参照国际兽医局(OIE)规定的方法,检测禽流感和新城疫病毒,并进行毒力鉴定。Competent quarantine and supervision authorities carry out ante-mortem detection and monitoring of AI and ND on poultries. To identify AI or ND virus or its toxicity, swabs should be taken from the or pharynx or cloacae of poultries 3-5 days prior to the date of slaughtering. No less than 30 sa