延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳.doc

延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳

瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用如:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.那就要将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／介词短语等。
leave— been away from buy—have
borrow—keep die—be dead
get up—be up put on—be on / wear
come / get back—be back go to town—be in town
lose—be missing catch a cold—have a cold
close—be closed / not open open —be open
fall ill / asleep— be ill / asleep begin /start—be on
return--be back marry---be married
finish--be over become--be
come / go to —be in / at
arrive in （at）/ get to / reach——be in / at
join + 名词-------be in + 组织 / be a（an）+组织成员
get /receive a letter from—have a letter from

一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如：
I have visited the factory.
I visited the factory last year.
二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。如：－Have you had your breakfast? －Yes, I have.
－When did you have it? －At seven thirty.
注意： 这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如：
How many words have you learned by heart?
How did you learn them by heart?
三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：
He has been a league member for two months.
He joined the Youth League two months ago.