初中英语语法——直接引语和间接引语.pptx

直接引语变间直接引语变间接引语详解接引语详解.I am the king of the whole world.What does the lion say?2024/10/13 周日兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲授课教师授课教师刘刘君君DirectSpeechandReportedSpeech引语的概念引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引述别人的原话，叫 _;_;直接引语直接引语 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _。间接引语间接引语直接引语通常都用直接引语通常都用_括起来，括起来，引号引号“”间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 _。宾语从句宾语从句Theboysaid,”Imreadingabook.”Direct speech 直接引语直接引语 The boy said(that)he was reading a book.Reported speech间接引语间接引语.I I cancan speak three languages.speak three languages.He He saidsaid he he couldcould speak speak three languages.three languages.What did he say?IammadatMarcia.HesaidhewasmadatMarcia.What did he say?WearehavingapartyforLana.Whatdidtheysay?TheysaidtheywerehavingapartyforLana.she was hard-working,I am hard-working.What did she say?She saidshe was not lazy.What did she say?She saidI am not lazy.he was good at playing basketball.What did he say?He saidIm good at playing basketball.I am good at English.She said she was good at English.What did she say?What did she say?I do well in English.She said she did well in English.do well inI do well in English.IgotobeacheverySunday.What did he say?He said he_.wenttobeacheverySundayWhat did she say?She said she_.wouldcallmetomorrowIwillcallyoutomorrow.直接引语变间接引语可分为三大类：直接引语变间接引语可分为三大类：1 1）直接引语为陈述句）直接引语为陈述句2 2）直接引语为直接引语为疑问句（疑问句（一般疑问句、特一般疑问句、特殊疑问句）殊疑问句）3 3）直接引语为直接引语为祈使句祈使句DirectSpeechReportedSpeechShesaid,“Ilikesinging.”Shesaid,“Iamwaitingforabus.”Shesaid,“IvisitedEuropelastyear.”Shesaid,“IhavenevermetanAmerican.”Shesaid,“Iwillseeyounextweek.”Shesaidshelikedsinging.Shesaidshewaswaitingforabus.ShesaidshehadvisitedEuropetheyearbefore.ShesaidshehadnevermetanAmerican.Shesaidshewouldseemethenextweek.SUMMARY 直直接接引引语语是是陈陈述述句句,变变为为间间接接引引语语时时用用连连词词that引引导导宾宾语语从从句句.从从句句中中的的人人称称、时时态态、指指示示代代词词、时时间间状状语语、地地点点状语状语等相应变化等相应变化.、人称的变化、人称的变化口诀口诀说明说明直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语一一随随主主二二随随宾宾第三第三人称人称不变不变引号内的第一人引号内的第一人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句主语的人称保句主语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第二人引号内的第二人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保句宾语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第三人引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称在变间引后人称不变称不变Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.”Theteachersaidthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.注注:直引若是客观真理直引若是客观真理,变为间引时变为间引时,时态不变时态不变.时态变化2 23.3.直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语指示指示代词代词 时时间间状状语语地点状语地点状语方向性动词方向性动词 this,that,these those now,then,today thatdaythisweek thatweekyesterday thedaybefore lastweek theweekbefore fourdaysago fourdaysbefore thedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbefore tomorrowthenext/followingdaynextmonth thenext/followingmonthhere therecome,go,bringtake 情态动词情态动词 can,may,must could,might,had to e.g.He often says,“China is great.”He often says(that)China is great.Tom says,“I am a student.”Tom says(that)he is a student.He says,“I leave my book in your room”He said(that)he left his book in your room.1 陈述句陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词时，用连词that引导（引导（that在口语中常省略）在口语中常省略）一般现在时一般现在时 He said,“I can do well in English.”现在进行时现在进行时 He said,“Im writing a letter.”一般将来时一般将来时 Tom said to me“I will call you tomorrow”一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去将来时过去将来时 He said that he could do well in English.He said that he was writing a letter.Tom told me that he would call me the next day.注注：如果主句是一般现在时，直接引语变如果主句是一般现在时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的时态不变。间接引语时，从句的时态不变。Hesays,“Imnotgoodatmath.”He says that he is not good at math.注意注意：(1)如果在当天转述如果在当天转述today,yesterday,tomorrow 等时间等时间状语也不必改变状语也不必改变。(2)如果在当地转述，如果在当地转述，here 不必改为不必改为there，动词，动词come 不必改为不必改为go.(3)当转述客观真理时，直接引语变为间接引语时，当转述客观真理时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：时态不变。如：1.Hesaid ,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.He saidthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.(4)为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时，为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时，也经常用一般现在时。也经常用一般现在时。My teacher said,“Tom is a good student.”My teacher said Tom is a good student.DirectSpeechReportedSpeechSheasked,“Haveyouseenthefilm?”SheaskedmewhetherifIhadseenthefilm.Heasked,“Areyouadoctor,John?”HeaskedJohnifwhetherhewasadoctor.Sheaskedus,“Whereareyougoingtogetoff?”Sheaskeduswhereweweregoingtogetoff.Heaskedthem,“Whogaveyouatalkyesterday?”Heaskedthemwhohadgiventhematalkthedaybefore.SUMMARY 直直接接引引语语是是疑疑问问句句，变变间间接接引引语语时时，要从疑问语序变为要从疑问语序变为陈述语序陈述语序。直直接接引引语语是是一一般般疑疑问问句句,变变为为间间接接引引语时语时,用连词用连词 if或或whether连接。连接。直直接接引引语语是是特特殊殊疑疑问问句句,变变为为间间接接引引语时语时,仍用仍用原来原来的疑问词的疑问词作连词来引导。作连词来引导。一般疑问句一般疑问句 He said,“Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”He asked(me)whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.He said,“You are interested in English,arent you?”He asked whether I was interested in English.间接引语用连词间接引语用连词whether或或if引导，原主句中谓引导，原主句中谓语动词语动词say要改为要改为ask，语序要变为，语序要变为陈述语序陈述语序 He asked,“Do you speak English or French?”He asked me whether I spoke English or French.I asked,“Will you take bus or take train?”I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.“Isheallright?”Theycriedout.Theycriedoutwhetherhewasallright.注意：注意：大多数情况下，大多数情况下，if,whether 可以互换，但句中出可以互换，但句中出现现or(not),或放在介词后作连接词，或放在介词后作连接词，只用只用whether。特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 He said to me，“Whats your name?”He asked me what my name was.He asked us,“How many car factories have been built in your country?”He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改来表达，语序改为为陈述句语序陈述句语序 2.直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。1）一般疑问句。用）一般疑问句。用whether或或if(是否）是否）引导。主引导。主句中的动词是句中的动词是said时改为时改为asked，没有间接宾语的，没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语可以加一个间接宾语me/him/her。Eg.Hesaid,“Areyouastudent?”疑问语序疑问语序 Heasked mewhether/if Iwasastudent.陈述语序2)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:由直接引语变为间接引语时由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍用仍用原来的疑问词引导原来的疑问词引导.要把疑问句语序改为陈述句要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。语序。Eg.“Whereareyougoing?”Fatheraskedhisson.Eg.Thepolicemanaskedthesmallboy,“Wheredoyoulive?”The policeman asked the small boy where he lived.Father asked his son where he was going疑问语序疑问语序陈述语序陈述语序疑问语序疑问语序陈述语序陈述语序DirectSpeechReportedSpeech“Neverdothatagain,”theteachersaidThepolicemanorderedustobequiet.Thepolicemanordered:“Bequiet.”Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow Theteachersaidtotheboy,”Openthewindow.”Theteachertoldmenot/nevertodothatagain“Waitamoment”shesaidtothem.Sheaskedthemtowaitamoment.直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成把动词原形变成动词不定式动词不定式，并在动词不，并在动词不定前加定前加tell,ask,order,advise等动等动词的宾语。词的宾语。注意：注意：否定句，在动词不定式前加否定句，在动词不定式前加not或或never.SUMMARY直接引语是祈使句，则改为直接引语是祈使句，则改为tell/order/ask sb.(not)to do sth.其他变化同上。其他变化同上。祈使句祈使句He said,“Please come here tomorrow.”The teacher said,“Dont talk any more.”He asked me to go there the next day.The teacher told us not to talk any more.3.当直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时当直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时,间接祈间接祈使句的引述动词使句的引述动词常用常用tell,ask,order,等等,而把而把直接引语的祈使句变成直接引语的祈使句变成带带 (not)to的不定式短语的不定式短语。句型：句型：tell/ask/ordersb(not)todosth如如:1Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Stoptalking.”老师对学生们说老师对学生们说:“不要讲话了。不要讲话了。”Theteachertoldthestudentstostoptalking.老师让学生们不要说话了。老师让学生们不要说话了。2.Theteachersaidtous,”Dontplayinclass.Theteachertold/askedusnottoplayinclass.解题步骤解题步骤:1.1.陈述句陈述句“Idontlikecomputers,”Sandysaidtoherfriends.Sandysaidtoherfriends thatIdontlikecomputers.saiddidntsheSandysaidtoherfriendsthatshedidntlikecomputers.2.2.一般疑问句一般疑问句:Isiteasytoworkouttheproblem?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimifItiseasytoworkouttheproblem.itiseasytoworkouttheproblem.askediswasTheyaskedhimif itwaseasytoworkouttheproblem.3.3.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)Theyaskedhimwhenyouharvestthewheatyou harvestthewheat.heharvestedTheyaskedhimwhenhe harvestedthewheat.4.4.祈使句祈使句Little boy,put on your coat.(They ordered)Theyordered LittleboyLittle boy,put on your coat.putonyourcoat.toputtoput Theyorderedthelittleboytoputonhiscoat.hishis 注意事项1)1)人称人称2)2)时态时态 3)3)相应的时间地点状语相应的时间地点状语4)4)标点符号标点符号5 5）大小写大小写6 6）问号改为句号问号改为句号7 7）语序语序-疑问改陈述疑问改陈述8 8）宾语从句由什么引出宾语从句由什么引出9)9)祈使句要使用动词不定式来引述祈使句要使用动词不定式来引述一、如何变人称：一、如何变人称：口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三不变。口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三不变。“一随主一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.“二随宾二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。“第三人称不更新第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：人称一般不需要变化如：Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodboy.”Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.二、如何变时态：二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。1)一般现在时一般现在时一般一般过去时态过去时态；She said:“I am a student.”She said(that)she was a student.2)一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时Shesaid,Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。Tom said,“I am going to play basketball tomorrow.”Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow.3)现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时；She said,“I am reading a book.”She said she was reading a book.注意：以下几种情况时态注意：以下几种情况时态不变不变直接引语是客观真理。直接引语是客观真理。Theteacher said Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”Theteachersaidmetheearthmovesaround thesunearth.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：如：Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jacksaid.“I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”Jacksaid he was doing chores when Tom came to see him.Jack saidhewasbornonApril21,1980.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning。”如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变变（例：（例：could,should,would,might）Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”和已经是过去时的形式时和已经是过去时的形式时，例：例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedtoPetersaid.Youhadbettercomeheretoday.Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.三、如何变状语：三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语时间状语由由“现在现在”改为改为“原来原来”（例：（例：now变为变为then,yesterday变为变为thedaybeforetoday变为变为thatdayHesaid,”Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地点状语地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，尤其表示方向性的，here变变thereTheteachersaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”TheteachersaidIshouldgothereat7:00.指示代词指示代词修饰的状语，由修饰的状语，由“此此”改为改为“彼彼”例：例：this改为改为thatHesaid,Thisbooksismine.“Hesaidthatbookwashis.agobefore;this morningthat morningYesterdaythe day before;tomorrowthe next daynext weekthe following week/the next weekYesterday morningthe morning before谓语动词的变化谓语动词的变化:直接引语直接引语:Must;Come;bring间接引语间接引语:had to;go;takeShe said,I will come here this evening.”She said that she would go there that evening四、如何变句型：四、如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导引导的宾语从句。的宾语从句。Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.“Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由间接引语应改为由whether或或if引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句.Hesaid,Canyouswim,John?“HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim。“Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?”HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。Sheaskedme,Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.Sheaskedme,WhatwasJackdoingwhenIcomein?”SheaskedmewhatJackwasdoingwhenshecamein.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“Tell(ask,order,beg等等)sb(not)todosth.”句型句型。如：如：1.Dontmakeanynoise,theteachersaidtothestudents.Shetold(ordered)thestudentsnottomakeanynoise.2.“Openthedoor,please,saidshe.Sheaskedhimtoopenthedoor.直接引语如果是以直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用接引语时，通常用“suggest+动句词（或从句）动句词（或从句）”如如：Hesaid,Letsgotothemovies.Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies.或或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies.Exercise1.“I never eat meat.”he said.He said that _ never _ meat.2.“Ive found my wallet.”he said to me.He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3.“I took it home with me.”she said.She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4.The teacher said,“The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5.“I met her yesterday.”he said to me.He _ me that he _ met the day _.6.“You must come here before five.”he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7.“I bought the house 10 years ago.”he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.heatetoldhadFound hisshehadtakenrisegoestoldhadbeforehadbeforehadthere8.“Did you see her last week?”he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9.He said,“You can sit here,Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10.He asked,“How did you find it,mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11.“Where have you been these days?”he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days.12.“Do you know where she lives?”he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13.“Stop making so much noise,children.”he said.He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.14.“Dont tell him the news.”she said.She told me _ _ him the news.15.“Are you intested in this?”he said.He _ _ I was interestd in _.ifaskedtoldbeforeshecouldwherehowhadihadthoselivediifstoptotoldtonotaskedtellifthatExercises:1).BettysaystoHarry,Iwanttoborrowyourbook.”2).Myteachersaid,“sheisagoodstudent.”BettysaystoHarry(that)shewantstoborrowhisBook.Myteachersaidthatshewasagoodstudent.3)Sheaskedme,”Doyouagreewithme?”4)Anneaskedhermother,“Isthereanydeliciousfoodtoeat?”SheaskedmeifIagreedwithher.Anneaskedhermotheriftherewasanydeliciousfoodtoeat.5)“Whatareyougoingtodo?”heasked.6）“Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?”askedMr.Zhang.HeaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodo.Mr.ZhangaskedhowIwenttoschooleveryday.7).Momsaid,“Dontchatwithstrangers”8).“Goshoppingwithme,please?”saidMr.Wang.Momtoldmenottochatwithstrangers.Mr.Wangaskedmetogoshoppingwithhim.Practice:1)Hesaid,“Mybrotherfailedintheexam.”Hesaid_brotherhadfailedintheexam.2)HesaidtoMary,“Howisyourmothernow?”heaskedMaryhow_motherwasthen.3)Myteachersaid,sheisagoodstudent.Myteachersaid_wasagoodstudent4)Hesaidtome,“Iveleftherbookinyourroom”Hetoldmethat_hadleft_bookin_room.hishershehehermy1.Wewantyoutotakeamessageforher.saidtheGreens.TheGreenstoldmethatwantedtotakeamessagefor.theymeher2.Areyouwillingtolendusahand?shesaidtohim.Sheaskedhimwhetherwaswillingtolendahand.hethemHe says,“Is Tom a student or a teacher？”He asks whether Tom is a student or a teacher.He asked me,Do you like playing football?“He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.My sister asked me:“What is your friend?”My sister asked me what my friend was.Jack asked me,How do you like the film?Jack asked me how I liked the film.The solider ordered,“Be quiet.”The solider ordered us to be quiet.He said to her,“Open the door,please.”He asked her to open the door.She says,“I will go to Beijing next month.”She says(that)she will go to Beijing the next month.He often says“I shall tell you about them.”He often tells me that he will tell me about them.1.“Iamilltoday.”saidmymother.Mymothersaidthatsheillthatday.2.“WeworkhardatEnglish.”hesaid.wasHesaidthattheyhardatEnglish.worked1.Theysaidtome,“Weareworkinghardatacompany.”Theytoldmethattheyatacompany.wereworking2.“Iamwritingaletternow.”shesaid.Shesaidthatshealetterthen.waswritingPractice:.Johnsaid,“Ilikereadingadventurestories.”Johnsaidthathe_readingadventurestories.Shesaidtome,“IbrokeyourCDplayer.”Shetoldmethatshe_myCDplayer.Hesaid,“Illcomeherethismorning.”Hesaidhe_g