上海中考英语专题冲刺专题二：小猫钓鱼-word文档资料资料.docx

2019年中考英语专题冲刺（二）宋以后，京师所设小学馆和武学堂中的教师称谓皆称之为“教谕”。至元明清之县学一律循之不变。明朝入选翰林院的进士之师称“教习”。到清末，学堂兴起，各科教师仍沿用“教习”一称。其实“教谕”在明清时还有学官一意，即主管县一级的教育生员。而相应府和州掌管教育生员者则谓“教授”和“学正”。“教授”“学正”和“教谕”的副手一律称“训导”。于民间，特别是汉代以后，对于在“校”或“学”中传授经学者也称为“经师”。在一些特定的讲学场合，比如书院、皇室，也称教师为“院长、西席、讲席”等。 -小猫钓鱼观察内容的选择，我本着先静后动，由近及远的原则，有目的、有计划的先安排与幼儿生活接近的，能理解的观察内容。随机观察也是不可少的，是相当有趣的，如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛虫等，孩子一边观察，一边提问，兴趣很浓。我提供的观察对象，注意形象逼真，色彩鲜明，大小适中，引导幼儿多角度多层面地进行观察，保证每个幼儿看得到，看得清。看得清才能说得正确。在观察过程中指导。我注意帮助幼儿学习正确的观察方法，即按顺序观察和抓住事物的不同特征重点观察，观察与说话相结合，在观察中积累词汇，理解词汇，如一次我抓住时机，引导幼儿观察雷雨，雷雨前天空急剧变化，乌云密布，我问幼儿乌云是什么样子的，有的孩子说：乌云像大海的波浪。有的孩子说“乌云跑得飞快。”我加以肯定说“这是乌云滚滚。”当幼儿看到闪电时，我告诉他“这叫电光闪闪。”接着幼儿听到雷声惊叫起来，我抓住时机说：“这就是雷声隆隆。”一会儿下起了大雨，我问：“雨下得怎样?”幼儿说大极了，我就舀一盆水往下一倒，作比较观察，让幼儿掌握“倾盆大雨”这个词。雨后，我又带幼儿观察晴朗的天空，朗诵自编的一首儿歌：“蓝天高，白云飘，鸟儿飞，树儿摇，太阳公公咪咪笑。”这样抓住特征见景生情，幼儿不仅印象深刻，对雷雨前后气象变化的词语学得快，记得牢，而且会应用。我还在观察的基础上，引导幼儿联想，让他们与以往学的词语、生活经验联系起来，在发展想象力中发展语言。如啄木鸟的嘴是长长的，尖尖的，硬硬的，像医生用的手术刀样，给大树开刀治病。通过联想，幼儿能够生动形象地描述观察对象。 【题型介绍】“教书先生”恐怕是市井百姓最为熟悉的一种称呼，从最初的门馆、私塾到晚清的学堂，“教书先生”那一行当怎么说也算是让国人景仰甚或敬畏的一种社会职业。只是更早的“先生”概念并非源于教书，最初出现的“先生”一词也并非有传授知识那般的含义。孟子中的“先生何为出此言也？”；论语中的“有酒食，先生馔”；国策中的“先生坐，何至于此？”等等，均指“先生”为父兄或有学问、有德行的长辈。其实国策中本身就有“先生长者，有德之称”的说法。可见“先生”之原意非真正的“教师”之意，倒是与当今“先生”的称呼更接近。看来，“先生”之本源含义在于礼貌和尊称，并非具学问者的专称。称“老师”为“先生”的记载，首见于礼记?曲礼，有“从于先生，不越礼而与人言”，其中之“先生”意为“年长、资深之传授知识者”，与教师、老师之意基本一致。该题型考查学生词汇应用；，题量总共8道，分值8分，每道题一分。五选四将词汇的考查放在了语篇中，着重强调语法和词汇知识在特定情景中的应用。(1)考查词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力以考查动词、名词、形容词、副词为主，也考查连词、介词、短语等；(2)考查词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力；(3)逻辑方面考察上下文联系。【各个击破】高频考查词汇动词disappear, contact，wash, think, create; consider; please; woke up；collected; repaired； included; create；beat; afford; leave; discover; find; spend; take; remember; add; recognize; protect; show; wear; experience; time; 名词Teenager, safety, question，furniture, thoughts; effects; size; knowledge; freedom; friendships army; knives；awards; knowledge; tips; society; bed; beach; advice; centre; methods; ages; danger; designer; 形容词recent, dangerous, ready; common; likely; various; rude; basic; surprised; boring; famous; successful; special; different; difficult; 副词behind, completely, ever, easily; independently; terribly; especially；mainly; near; 其他How about, put on, whats going on, as well as; in the way; notonly; at a time；at any time； through；After all; Above all; as well; take place; at the end of; but; be able to ; either; including; while; the name of; so far; deal with; until; as soon as; for example; most likely; around; even if; from side to side; 【解题技巧】1. 判断词性的技巧：a. 如何判断需要选择名词：a /an/the +n. , adj.+ n. , vt. +n.即空格处前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动词的，空格处应填入名词；n. v. 即空格处后面是动词的，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)；prep. +n.即空格处前面是介词的，空格处充当介词宾语，用填入一个名词或动名词。Eg: When a friend stops talking to you for a day or two, your mind will get crazy with the _46_ thatperhaps you did something wrong. (2019普陀区一模) keys:A. thoughts It will have bad _50_ on you as you start to focus your energy on others but not yourself. (2019普陀区一模)keys: B. effectsGradually, the talented young man went from being a supporting actor to a _49_ movie star. (2019松江区一模)keys: A. successfulb. 如何判断需要选择动词：n./pron. vt.n./pron. 即空格前面已有名词/代词作主语，后面又有名词/代词作为动词的宾语，空格处应为及物动词；n./pron. vi. 即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词；n./pron. vi. adv./prep. 即空格处前面是名词/代词，空格处后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词，与副词/介词构成固定搭配；n./pron. link v./be. adj. 即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词；to v. 即空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词v. and v. 即空格前是动词+并列连词或选择连词，空格后也考虑填动词。Eg:We want to be well-liked by those around us and not to _49_ any unnecessary trouble. (2019普陀区一模) keys: E. CreateWhen caring about others opinions is taking control of your life, maybe its time for you to stop and_51_ what you really want and make some changes.(2019普陀区一模) keys: E. ConsiderMuch of the action 48 _ at the same time - the man in prison running away, the policemen runningafter them and planning to catch them.(2019奉贤区一模) keys: C. took placec. 如何判断需要选择形容词：adj. n. 或n.adj. 即空格处前面或者后面为名词的，空格处应填入形容词；adv. adj. 即空格处前面是副词的，空格处应填入形容词；link/be v. adj. 即空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处应填入形容词作表语。Eg: Although this is not good enough, its still a _48_ thing that happens among us. (2019普陀一模） keys: C. commonAt school it is not so easy to learn a foreign language because students have so _53_time for it andthey are busy with other lessons, too. (2019长宁区一模) keys: D. littleThe system is able to provide the physical location of mobile phones, which makes it _52_ to get tothe scene. (2019嘉定区一模) keys: B. quickerd. 如何判断需要选择副词：adv. v. 或v.adv.即空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处应填入副词；adv. adj. 即空格处后面是形容词的，空格处应填入副词。Eg: Some people have very good memories, and can _50_learn long poems by heart. (2019长宁区一模) keys: C. easily When I arrived at the heads house, he opened the door and looked at me as if I was _49_ mad. (2019虹口区一模) keys: B. completely The other two boys are both 14 years old. When most boys of their age are spending their time _51_on study, the three young singers show themselves to thousands of people.(2019金山区一模)keys: C. mainly 2. 利用逻辑关系词确定答案：在五选四中，文章的逻辑关系对于考生把握整篇文章是很重要的，文章的逻辑关系通过一些逻辑关系词体现的，考生可以通过逻辑关系词来确定出一些答案。常见的逻辑关系词如下：并列关系：and , or, as well as 等对比关系：but , however 等举例关系：for example等Eg: These films were simple, _49_at that time people liked these films very much. (2019奉贤区一模)keys: E. butThey can use their hands 49 humans. (2019徐汇区一模) keys:A. As well asFirst of all, the color of the hat should match the color of your skin and hair, 50 , black hats should be avoidedif you are dark skinned. (2019浦东区一模) keys:D. for example 3比较填词：通过词义判断(即通过同词性词汇的中文意思是否符合文章的整体意思，由此判断是不是最合适的选项)和逻辑判断(即根据文章的逻辑顺序和逻辑结构，确定同词性的词汇中的哪个是最佳答案)两种方法确定答案。但需要注意：当确定所选答案无误后，填入一个词就划掉一个，为下面的选词缩小范围。Eg: 2019虹口区一模A)mainly B) completely C) managed to D) looked forward to E) organized In October last year, I was working at a school in Cambridge and it was only my second month in the job. At the end of the month the head teacher _46_ a party for all the new teachers. It was a good chance to get to know my new colleagues and I really _47_ it. As the party was on 31st October, I thought it was a Halloween party. So, the day before the party, I went to a costume hire shop and _48_ get a witchs costume (女巫的服装). When I arrived at the heads house, he opened the door and looked at me as if I was _49_ mad. All the other teachers were wearing normal clothes.【答案】46.E 47. D 48. C 49. B 【解析】46.分析句子结构，这边缺少谓语动词，在C、D和E中选择，根据句意选E。 47. 分析句子结构，这边缺少谓语动词，在C、D中选择，根据句意选D。 48. and后的词应该与went并列，需要动词过去时，只有C符合。 49. 在I was mad这句话中，应用副词来修饰mad，只能选B。 A) ages B) methods C) in charge D) silly E) suddenly It was the end of term of in June and the students were doing their exams. I was _50_ that day and, as usual before the start of the exam, I told the students all the rules: no talking, no mobile phones and so on. I was walking up and down between the rows of desks when _51_ my own phone rang. That was bad enough, but the telephone had a really _52_ring tone (音色). All the students looked up at me. It took me _53_ to find the phone in mu bag and my face went bright red. One of the students was laughing so much that she fell out of her chair.【答案】50. C 51.E 52.D 53. A 【解析】50.was后加形容词、名词、介词短语等，这边应在C和D之间选，根据句意选C 51.判断这边应该用副词，只有E符合。 52. 应用形容词来修饰后面的名词，只有D符合。 53.take sb +一段时间to do sth.来判断这边应该加表示时间段的名词，故选A。【专题过关】A. As well as B. size C. in the way D. basic E. not only Dogs are not the only animals that can be trained to help people. Helping Hands, an organization in the USA, trains capuchin monkeys to be helpers for people in wheelchairs who cannot move their arms or legs. More than 20 years ago, Dr.M.J Willard thought that a monkey might be able to help with some 46 homework. She was right. Monkeys can 47 be trained to help people, they are also wonderful partners. Capuchin monkeys are found in the wild in South Central America. They are about the 48 of a friendly and good with their hands. They can use their hands 49 humans.【答案】46.D 47.E 48.B 49. A 【解析】46.由空格前后名词判断，前面应填形容词，有根据句意所以用basic基本的。 47.根据后面also,所以应选E notonly。 48.空格前定冠词，所以后面应填名词，所以应选B。 49.根据句意它们能跟人类一样地很好的用手，所以选A。A. please B. knowledge C. freedom D. independently E. friendships Everyday tasks, like turning on a light, putting something in the fridge, or pressing “play” on a CD player, can be difficult for someone who can not use his or her arms and legs. Capuchin monkeys can easily perform these tasks. This allows their owners more 50 .They can do things on their own and can live 51 .Helping hands matches people with disabilities to monkeys who can help them. But the close 52 between the monkeys and their owners happen all on their own. The monkeys and their owners become friends and learn to depend on each other. Some owners say the monkeys are almost like children to them. The monkeys can be naughty(调皮的） and sometimes like to play tricks on their owners. This is especially true of young monkeys. Mostly, they like to 53 their owners. They like the sweets they receive when they do a good job, and they like to be praised.【答案】50.C 51.D 52.E 53. A 【解析】46.根据句意”它能给他们主人更多地自由”所以用freedom自由。 47.空格前动词live, 这里可填副词，且根据句意“它能独立地生活”所以选D。 48.空格后是形容词close，所以应填名词，所以应选C。 49.根据空格前是动词不定时to，所以这里应填动词原形，所以应选A取悦。A. designers B. as well as C. much D. protect E. showMost of the time, people wear hats to protect themselves from bad weather conditions. Hats are also worn to 46 politeness and as signs of social position. But nowadays, hats, especially womens hats, are 47 more than that. In fact, hats have changed into fashion and style symbols by many movie stars. Whats more, people now consider many different features (特点)when choosing even a simple hat. Many 48 point out that, when choosing the right hat,its important to consider the color of your skin 49 your hair, your height, and the shape of your face.【答案】ECAB【解析】46题通过题意应该是表示礼貌，选E 47题比较级more前面用much修饰 48题many后接可数名词复数，选A 49题前后应该是表示和的关系，用as well we A. different B. also C. difficult D. for example E. wear First of all, the color of the hat should match the color of your skin and hair, 50 , black hats should be avoidedif you are dark skinned. Second, the height of the hat is 51 an important point. Tall women should not go for hats with tall crowns, just as short women should choose hats with upturned brims to give the look of height. Most importantly, the shape of the face decides the kind of hat one should 52 . A small, gentle hat that fits the head looks good on a small face. However, women with big, round faces should choose a 53 style. As the saying goes, “Fine feathers make fine birds.” A good hat can not only help your dress but also support your features, so why not choose the best possible one next time you want tobe in public?【答案】DBEA【解析】50. For example放在句首，后面举出例子 51题根据题意缺一个副词also 52题should后加动词原形，选E 53题需要加一个形容词，different style【学法提炼】1.最关键的是要改变孤立的记忆单词的不良学法，做到词不离句，句不离篇，做到词汇的情景使用。2.不要孤立的看文章，一定注意句子的上下文衔接和本句的语法结构，因为选一个就少一个，一发而动全身。3.结合句子成分和单词的词性帮助解题，并且在对比相同词性单词的词义后做题。（一）DIY手工艺品的“多样化”【课后练习】Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each one can only be used once(将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词或词组只能填一词)（共8分）A.famousB.planeC.surpring D.by the end of E.flightMichelle was flying from Houston to London，and during the _46_，she began talking to John，the man in the seat next to herShe found out that he was president of a _47_ jeans company based in Texas；in fact，she was wearing a pair of blue jeans from his company! 四、影响的宏观环境分析But that wasnt the most _48_ thingHe had lived in San Francisco when he was in high school，and it turned out that he knew Michelles best friend，who also grew up in San Francisco! They continued talkingAnd _49_ the flight，they felt that they had known each other for much longer than eight hours（二）创业优势分析A. mistakes B. completely C. practise D. steps E. instead ofNow students English handwriting gets worse and worse. That makes their teachers feel worried. Is your English handwriting beautiful? If not, here are four 50 that really work!“碧芝”的成功归于他的唯一，这独一无二的物品就吸引了各种女性的眼光。Use paper with lines是 否Using paper with lines can keep you writing straight 51 up or down when you write English words or sentences. Those lines on the paper can help you to write words in the right size. Be sure to fill the lined space 52 . And make sure those capital letters(大写字母) are written properly.Slow down If your writing is hard to read, try slowing down a little. For some kids, going slower makes the handwriting clear. If you write too fast , its hard for you to stop where you should, and even worse, you may make more 53 .加拿大公司就是根据年轻女性要充分展现自己个性的需求，将世界各地的珠类饰品汇集于“碧芝自制饰品店”内，由消费者自选、自组、自制，这样就能在每个消费者亲手制作、充分发挥她们的艺术想像力的基础上，创作出作品，达到展现个性的效果。Keys: EACD 50-53 DEBAComplete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once(将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词或词组只能填一次)：（共8分）调研提纲：A.follow B.nervous C.culture D.leave for E.confident 情感性手工艺品。不少人把自制的手机挂坠作为礼物送给亲人朋友，不仅特别，还很有心思。每逢情人节、母亲节等节假日，顾客特别多。Studying abroad is a colorful experience. Not only do you get a chance to know a new 46 up close, but you also learn to get over new challenges(挑战). If you plan to study abroad, youd better 47some useful tips.4WWW。google。com。cn。 大学生政策 2004年3月23日Firstly, before you 48your destination country, make sure to learn about the country. Every country has it own culture, which may be different from yours. Therefore, to get used to the local way of living in a short time, you must know what the people eat, how they dress up and also what their sensitive issues(敏感问题) are. Besides, you can catch a few of the commonly-used words of the local language there. Whats more, find out about the laws of the land before you get there. This way youll be 49about how exactly you should behave yourself.加拿大公司就是根据年轻女性要充分展现自己个性的需求，将世界各地的珠类饰品汇集于“碧芝自制饰品店”内，由消费者自选、自组、自制，这样就能在每个消费者亲手制作、充分发挥她们的艺术想像力的基础上，创作出作品，达到展现个性的效果A.ready B.extremely C.make sure D.prepare E. Instead Next, 50 you have all necessary documents(文件) with you before you set off to foreign countries to study. Its suggested that you make copies of both your passport and visa(签证), in case you might need to get a new one during your stay there. Whats more, at least one other member of your family should have a passport51 so that you can have someone by your side if you fall ill.