现在完成时的用法及练习题2.doc

现在完成时的用法
1.定义：

　　现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意
2.用法
　　(1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。
　　-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I’ve just had it.
　　你(已经)吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)
　　(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。①.He has taught here since 1981
　　他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)②. I have’t seen her for four years.
　　(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。  I have been to Beijing twice.
3.现在完成时的时间状语
　(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
　a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
　　They haven’t finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
　b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？
　　-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
　c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.
　　我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
　　He has been there three times the last few days.
　　近几年他去过那里三次了。
　　d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven’t.
　　今天你见过他吗？我 没有。
　　How many times have you been there this year?
　　今年你去过那里多少次？
　(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven’t seen him for two years. 但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：
arrive→be here begin(start)→be on  die →be dead come back→be back
leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) get up→be up go out →be out
finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或 be a member of…
close →be closed go to school→be a student 　borrow →keep buy →have 
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→study come to work→work
①.He has been a soldier for three years. ②.His father has been dead for two years.
③.The film has been on for ten minutes. ④.We have studied English for three years. 
4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
　　现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：
　　I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到)
　　I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明)
5.几点注意事项
　　(1)have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。①.They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 ②.He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。
　　(2)如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。
　　(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
　现在完成时练习题
一、翻译下列句子：
1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ 2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 4. 他已经吃过午饭了。
5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6. 我哥哥还没回来。
7. 我上星期看过这部电影。 8. 在1992年他住在这里。
9.这本字典我已买了三年了。 10.他离开中国三年了。
11.我认识他们五年了。 12.他们已去了美国五年了。
13.自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。 14.他们已经结婚10年。
15.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 16.这会已开了多长时间了？
17.这门已经关了两天了。 18.我入团2年了。
I __________ ___________ ___________ two years ago.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ ___________ for two years.
I _________ _________ a ___________ of __________ _________ for two years.
I __________ ___________ ____________ the __________ for two years.
19.自从1999年以来他们就认识。 20.我来到农场已5年了。
二、用过去时或现在完成时填空：
1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”
“When ________ you __________ (have) it?”“I ____________ (have) it at 12:00.”
2. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”
“Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (write) one last week.”
3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”
4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”
5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.
6. Your father _________ (finish) his work just now.
7. Last term I __________ (learn) many English words.
8. They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet.
9. He _____________ never ____________ (go) to the science museum.
10. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink) coke?
11. “____________ you _____________ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I __________ .”
“Where __________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ I ___________ (buy) it in a bookstore.”
“When ___________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”
三、用since和for填空
1. ______ two years 2._______ two years ago 3. _______ last month 4.______ 1999
5._______ yesterday 6. _______ 4 o’clock 7. ______ 4 hours 8._______ an hour ago
9. _______ we were children 10. _____ lunch time 11.______ she left here
12. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
13. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
15. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
四、短暂性动词转换为延续性动词
①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.
→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
2) I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
3) I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
4) They came here last week.
They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out
1) He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③become → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
2) The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④close → be closed open → be open
1) The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning.
The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤get up → be up； die → be dead； leave sw. → be away from sw.
fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep； finish/end → be over；
marry → be married；
1) I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
2) He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ _________.
6) They married in 1990.
They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. ；begin → be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2) The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦borrow → keep； lose → not have ；buy → have ；put on → wear
catch/get a cold → have a cold； get to know → know
1) They borrowed it last week.
They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
3) I got to know him last year.I _______ _______ him since __________ __________.
4) I put on my glasses three years ago.
I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.
⑧have/has gone to → have been in
He has gone to Beijing.
He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.
⑨join the league/the Party/the army
→ be a league/a Party member/a soldier
→ be a member of the league/the Party
→ be in the league/the Party/the army
1) He joined the league in 2002.
He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.
He _______ _________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.
He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.
2) My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother ________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.
My brother __________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.
划线提问
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ?
2) My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?
3) He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________?
4) They bought a book two hours ago.
__________ ___________ they __________ a book
六、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________? B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times _______ Li Fei ______ to that place?B: He _____________ there only once.
七、用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country. 2) David ________ the park just now.
3) John _______ England since he came back. 4) How long _____ have _____ this village?
5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.
6) _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.
7) I _____ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.
9) When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago.
10) Would you like to _____ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before.
11) Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ the zoo. 12) He often _____ swimming.
13) _____ you ______ there last year? 14) _____ they often ______ skating in winter?
八、综合练习:
I. 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework ________ an hour ago.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
II. 翻译下列句子：
1. 他们已经打扫了教室吗？ 2. 我们已经认识有二十年了。
3. 打那以后，她一直住在这。 4. “你曾经到过那里吗？” “不，我从来没到过那里。”
III. 用适当的时态填空：
1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
3.Both of them ________________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you ______________ (see) it here and there?
6. _____________ you ____________ (find) your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________ just _____________ (have) some orange.
8. We _____________already ______________ (return) the book.
9. ___________ they ____________ (build) a new school in the village?
10. I ________________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?
11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice. 12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.
13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday
14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.
III．句型转换：
1. He has already gone home.
He ______ _______ home _______. (否定句)________ he _______ home _________? (疑问句)
2. He has lunch at home.
He ______ ______ lunch at home. (否定句) ________ he _______ lunch at home? (疑问句)
3. He has been there twice._______ _______ _____ _______ he been there? (划线提问)
4. I have had lunch at school. _______ _______ you _________ lunch. (划线提问)
不规则动词表
（1） AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）
cost（花费） cost  cost shut shut shut
cut（割）  cut   cut spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英)
hit（打）  hit  hit   hurt 伤害） hurt   hurt
let（让）  let  let  put（放） put  put
read （读） read  read     
(2) AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）
beat（跳动）  beat  beaten
(3) ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）
become（变成） became become   awake awoke awoken
come（来） came come run（跑）  ran  run
(4)ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）
dig（挖）  dug  dug  build built built
get（得到）  got  got/gotten catch caught caught
hang（吊死）  hanged  hanged    deal dealt dealt
hang（悬挂）  hung    hung feed fed fed
hold（抓住）  held  held find found found
shine（照耀） shone shone forbid forbade/forbad forbidden
sit（坐）   sat  sat pay paid paid
win （赢）  won  won send sent sent
meet（遇见）  met  met shoot shot shot keep （保持） kept  kept tell told told
sleep（睡）   slept  slept win won won
sweep（扫）  swept  swept feel（感觉）  felt  felt
smell（闻）  smelt/smelled  smelt/ smelled        
leave（离开） left  left  build（建设） built  built
lend（借出）  lent  lent send （传送）     sent  sent
spend（花费） spent spent  lose （丢失） lost  lost
burn （燃烧） burnt  burnt   learn（学习）  learnt  learnt
mean（意思是） meant  meant   catch（抓住） caught  caught
 teach（教）  taught  taught  bring（带来） brought   brought
fight （战斗） fought  fought   buy（买）  bought   bought
think（想）  thought thought  hear （听见） heard heard
sell（卖）  sold  sold  tell（告诉）  told  told
say（说）  said  said  find（找到）  found found
have/has（有） had  had  make（制造） made made
stand（站）  stood stood understand明白understood understood
(5) ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）
begin（开始） began begun   take（取）  took  taken
drink（喝）  drank drunk mistake（弄错） mistook  mistaken
ring（铃响）  rang  rung ride（骑）   rode  ridden 
sing （唱）  sang  sung do（做）  did  done 
swim（游泳） swam swum   write（写）  wrote written
blow（吹）  blew  blown go（去）went  gone
draw （画）  drew  drawn lie（平躺）  lay  lain 
fly（飞）  flew  flown see（看见）  saw  seen
grow（生长） grew  grown  wear （穿） wore  worn
know（知道） knew known be ( am, is, are )（是）was, were  been  
throw（投掷） threw thrown     show（出示） showed shown
break（打破） broke broken     choose（选择） chose chosen
forget（忘记） forgot forgotten (forgot)  bear bore borne/born
speak（说，讲） spoke spoken draw drew drawn
wake（醒）  woke woken  dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreamed
drive（驾驶） drove driven hide hid hidden
eat（吃）  ate  eaten  lay laid laid 放置
fall（落下）  fell  fallen lie lied lied 撒谎
give（给）  gave    given   lie lay lain 躺
rise（升高）  rose  risen see saw seen shake shook shaken steal stole stolen
can----could may---might will---would shall---should
must----must

情绪，贯穿于我们的生活之中。由于生理的不同，与男性相比，女性情感活动更强烈，也更容易情绪化。
　　如果说父亲在家庭中扮演的是掌舵者、领导人的角色，那么母亲则是一个家庭的调节阀、供氧机。
　　虽然家庭的重担由父母双方共同承担，但与父亲相比，母亲承担更多。在工作与家庭双重压力下不少母亲感到力不从心，情绪也变得更加不稳定。
　　但母亲的情绪决定着一个家庭的温度，决定着一个家庭的和谐程度。首先从家庭生活中来看，女性温柔、细腻的特质可以在家庭生活中营造出一