1、摘要:本文通过体外孵化法对朝鲜蓟提取物中的洋蓟素在大鼠血浆中的稳定性进行了考察,并建立了大鼠血浆样品中洋蓟素含量的高效液相色谱测定方法,具有准确、快速、灵敏度高等优势。洋蓟素在血浆中的稳定性受到pH值和血浆代谢酶的双重影响,而后者的影响占主要作用,并且对洋蓟素的代谢具有浓度依赖性。本文所获得的洋蓟素血浆稳定性相关生物药剂学基础数据为朝鲜蓟提取物的制剂设计提供了重要参考。关键词:洋蓟素;药物代谢动力学;血浆稳定性;高效液相色谱中图分类号:R945文献标志码:A文章编号:2096-854X(2022)060075-03Study on The Stability of Artichin in Ra
2、t PlasmaWang Xinglong,Zhou Qingsong*(School of Pharmacy,Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi,P.R.China)Abstract:In this paper,the stability of cynarin in rat plasma was investigated by in vitro incubation method,andestablished a high-performance liquid chromatogra
3、phy method for the determination of cynarin content in rat plasmasamples,which has the advantages of accuracy,rapidity and high sensitivity.The stability of cynarin in plasma wasaffected by both pH and plasma metabolic enzymes,and the latter influence plays a major role and have aconcentration-depen
4、dent on the metabolism of cynarin.The basic biopharmaceutical data about cynarin plasma stabilityobtained in this paper provides an important reference for the formulation design of artichoke extract.Key words:Cynarin;pharmacokinetic;plasma stability;HPLC洋蓟素在大鼠血浆中的稳定性研究王兴隆,周庆颂*(江西科技师范大学药学院,江西 南昌3300
5、13)【生物医药】收稿日期:2022-05-19最终修回日期:2022-07-19接受日期:2022-07-19基金项目:江西省药物分子设计与评价重点实验室开放课题(JKLDE-KF-2102)作者简介:王兴隆,男,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:药物新制剂;*周庆颂(通讯作者),男,副教授,博士,研究方向:药物新制剂及其生物药剂学原理,E-mail:。江西科技师范大学学报Journal of Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University第6期Issue 62022年12月Dec.20221前言朝鲜蓟(Cynara scolymus L.),别名洋蓟、食托
6、菜蓟、菊蓟、法国百合等,是菊科菜蓟属多年生草本植物,具有多种药用价值1-3。目前朝鲜蓟提取物作为护肝、降血脂及胆固醇的膳食补充剂4,5,在国外已有相关保健产品上市。朝鲜蓟作为一种外来植物,并非传统的中药材,但因为其独特的药用价值,国内目前正在进行朝鲜蓟“中药药用化”的研究6,同时,朝鲜蓟提取物的相关药用制剂也在研发中。近年来的研究发现,洋蓟素(1,3-二咖啡酰奎宁酸,又称洋蓟酸)是朝鲜蓟提取物中的主要药理活性物质,具有降低胆固醇7,8、抗氧化9,10、降低血糖11、抑制癌细胞12、免疫调节13、保护肝脏,促进肝细胞再生14-16等多种药理作用,其化学结构、药理活性都已得到确认17。血浆稳定性是
7、药物体内代谢过程的基础参数,也是生物药剂学研究的重要方面,在药物制剂设计过程中是重要考虑因素之一。目前,洋蓟素的血浆稳定性等生物药剂学研究尚处于空白状态。本文拟江西科技师范大学学报第6期采用高效液相色谱法建立大鼠血浆中洋蓟素的定量测定方法,并通过血浆离体孵化,测定洋蓟素在血浆中的降解速率,对降解过程进行考察,从而为洋蓟素相关的生物药剂学研究提供基础数据,并为洋蓟提取物相关制剂的开发提供参考。2实验仪器与材料2.1仪器Agilent1100高效液相色谱仪(美国安捷伦科技有限公司);XS205电子天平(Mettler Toledo);DF-101S集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器(巩义市予华仪器有限责任公
8、司);HC-3018R高速冷冻离心机(安徽中科中佳科学仪器有限公司);MX-S涡旋仪(美国塞洛捷克公司)。2.2试剂与药品洋蓟素(成都麦德生科技有限公司,批号RP200211,纯度98%);葛根素(上海罗恩试剂公司,批号R01816,纯度98%);甲醇、乙腈(色谱纯,西陇科学股份有限公司),醋酸、无水乙醇(分析纯,西陇科学股份有限公司),50%甲醇水溶液、2%醋酸水溶液为实验室配置,色谱用水为自制双蒸水。2.3实验动物SD雄性大鼠25030 g(湖南斯莱克景达实验动物有限公司),实验动物许可证号:SCXK(湘)2011-0003。血浆制备:采用眼眶取血方式,用提前准备好的肝素化管收集大鼠全血,
9、低速离心(4500 rpm,10 min,4 C),取出上清液即得大鼠血浆样品,置于80 C冰箱保存备用。3实验方法3.1对照品溶液的配制洋蓟素对照品溶液的制备:精密称量洋蓟素对照品5.06 mg,置于25 mL的容量瓶中,用50%甲醇水溶液定容,摇匀,配制成浓度为202.4 g/mL的对照品溶液,在4 C环境下避光保存备用。内标物葛根素溶液的制备:精密称量葛根素对照品5.20mg,置于25mL的容量瓶中,用甲醇定容,摇匀,配制成浓度为208.0 g/mL的内标物溶液,在4 C环境下避光保存,使用时量取溶液稀释到所需要的浓度。3.2血浆样品预处理方法用移液枪精密吸取空白血浆200 L,置于5
10、mL的离心管中,精密加入洋蓟素对照品溶液500 L,涡旋震荡30 s;加入葛根素内标溶液500 L,涡旋震荡30 s,使其充分混匀;加入纯甲醇溶液0.8 mL,涡旋震荡1 min;在转速为13500 r/min,4 C条件下离心10 min,取上清液经0.45 m微孔滤膜过滤,注入进样瓶,HPLC法测定含量。4结果与讨论4.1色谱条件色谱柱:Diamonsil C18柱(2504.6 mm,5m);检测波长:320 nm;流动相A:乙腈;流动相B:2%醋酸水溶液;以流动相A:B(13:87,V/V)等度洗脱;流速1 mL/min;柱温:35 C;进样量10 L;运行时间:20 min。4.2专
11、属性考察取洋蓟素对照品溶液适量,加入适量50%甲醇水溶液进行稀释,经0.45 m微孔滤膜过滤后注入进样小瓶;取两份空白血浆样品,一份加入洋蓟素与内标溶液,另一份用纯甲醇溶液代替对照品与内标溶液,按上述血浆样品预处理方法进行预处理后,进样分析。在该色谱条件下,方法专属性良好,各组分之间无干扰。结果如图1所示。4.3线性取洋蓟素对照品溶液适量,用50%甲醇水溶液梯度稀释,再按血浆样品预处理方法加入空白血浆、内标与纯甲醇溶液,配置成洋蓟素浓度分别为20.24、15.18、10.12、5.06、2.53、1.265 g/mL的溶液,离心过滤,取上清液,按上文设定的色谱条件进样分析,以洋蓟素浓度为横坐标
12、(X),洋蓟素与内标溶液的峰面积的比值为纵坐标(Y),绘制成标准曲线,获得线性回归方程Y=0.049X-0.0186,R2=0.9990,线性范围1.26520.24 g/mL,线性关系良好。762022年图1空白血浆(A)、加入洋蓟素与内标的血浆样品(B)、洋蓟素(C)4.4精密度与回收率取洋蓟素对照品溶液适量,加入血浆与内标物溶液,按血浆样品预处理方法进行处理,配置成含洋蓟素浓度分别为20.24、12.56、2.53、1.265 g/mL的高、中、低、定量下限浓度的样品溶液各5份,分别进行测定,计算批内精密度;同法连续测定3天,计算批间精密度。与此同时,将不同浓度样品测得峰面积代入标准曲线
13、,计算测得浓度,以样品测得浓度与实际浓度的比值作为方法回收率。结果显示,洋蓟素浓度分别为20.24、12.56、2.53、1.265 g/mL时的批内精密度为4.04%、6.05%、6.39%、5.40%;批间精密度为3.98%、4.87%、5.78%、5.45%;方法回收率为96.41%、92.78%、94.28%、112.31%。4.5稳定性考察取洋蓟素对照品溶液适量,加入50%甲醇稀释,配置成浓度为80.64、50.4、10.8 g/mL的溶液;取上述溶液5 mL,加入2 mL血浆,置于离心管中,每种浓度3个平行样,于37 C恒温水浴孵化,在0、0.25、0.5、1、1.5、2、3、6
14、h分别取样1.2 mL,按血浆样品预处理方法处理后进样分析,测定洋蓟素的含量变化。另外参考药典配制pH 7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液18,洋蓟素浓度为10.12 g/mL,其他条件不变,考察pH对药物稳定性的影响。实验发现洋蓟素在实际血浆环境中的稳定性与其浓度相关,高、中、低浓度下洋蓟素的降解率分别为7.3%、10.5%、13.7%,高浓度稳定性相对较好,低浓度稳定性较差,说明血浆酶对洋蓟素的代谢具有浓度依赖性。洋蓟素在模拟血浆pH值条件下(pH 7.4缓冲溶液)稳定性较好,降解在7%左右。但在实际血浆中稳定性较差(降解14%)。这表明洋蓟素在血浆中的降解受pH值影响较小,受血浆中各种代谢酶(如胆碱酯
15、酶、醛缩酶、脂肪酶、脱氢肽酶及磷酸酶等)的影响较大。5结论综上所述,洋蓟素在血浆中的稳定性受到pH值和血浆代谢酶的双重影响,血浆代谢酶占主要作用,且后者对洋蓟素的代谢具有浓度依赖性。本研究获得的洋蓟素血浆稳定性数据是洋蓟素生物药剂学的基础数据,对朝鲜蓟提取物相关制剂的给药途径、给药量、安全性等研究都具有重要的参考价值,也为朝鲜蓟相关制剂的开发提供了基础。表1不同浓度的洋蓟素在血浆中的稳定性(n=3)表2洋蓟素在pH 7.4溶液中的稳定性(n=3)时间(h)浓度(g/mL)剩余率(%)浓度(g/mL)剩余率(%)浓度(g/mL)剩余率(%)00.250.511.523620.3419.9920.
16、1120.0019.5519.3519.6418.76100.598.899.498.896.695.697.192.712.3912.0812.1312.0411.9411.5911.8511.3298.095.595.995.294.491.693.789.52.662.652.502.442.382.452.412.18105.0104.698.896.593.996.795.386.3时间(h)00.250.511.5236剩余率(%)100.098.699.399.997.696.095.393.3(下转第88页)王兴隆,周庆颂:洋蓟素在大鼠血浆中的稳定性研究77江西科技师范大学学报
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