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2012年10月广东省高等教育自学考试
英语语言学 问卷
（课程代码06422）
I.Blank-filling (20%)
Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.
1. Three branches of phonetics are articulatory phonetics, a_______
phonetics, and acoustic phonetics.
2. The word around which a phrase is formed is termed head , and the words on the right side of the heads are c____________.
3. H__________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form, i.e., different words are identical in sound or spelling ,or in both.
4. S__________ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class.
5. There are two types of a__________ dyslexia: phonological dyslexia and surface dyslexia.
6. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing the world around , they think and speak differently , this is known as linguistic r_______.
7. The most basic and the smallest meaningful element of meaning is traditionally called m___________.
8. The i__________ view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which he develops.
9. C___________ determines the speaker’s use of language and also the hearer’s interpretation of what is said to him
10. If the linguistic study aims lay down rules for “correct and standard” behavior in using language, i.e. to tell people what they should say and what they should not say, it is said to be p___________.
11. Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called “v___________”.
12. R__________ means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world.
13. A__________ refers to a number of acquired language disorder due to the cerebral lesions caused by vascular problems, a tumor, an accident and so on.
14. Minor Lexical Categories refer to D_________, Degree word, Qualifier , Auxiliary and Conjunction.
15. Linguistics is a scientific study because it is based on the s_____________ investigation of linguistic data.
16. Grammatical of functional words are referred to as being c_____
class words .
17. A p___________ is a special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading.
18. A________ are words derived from the initials of several words, such as WTO.
19. I________ motivation refers to the drive that people learn a foreign language because of the wish to identify with the target culture.
20.Chomsky uses the term p________ to refer to the actual realization of the knowledge in linguistic communication.
II. Multiple choice(20%)
Choose the best answer to the following items.
21. Different from contrastive analysis, _______ gave less consideration to learners’ native language.
A . negative transfer B. mistake analysis
C. positive analysis D. error analysis
22. The social group that is singled out for any special study is called the __________.
A. public society B. common group
C. speech community D. speech group
23. English consonants can be classified in two ways: one is in terms of _____ of articulation and the other is in terms of place of articulation.
A. force B. position C. manner D. pattern
24. ___________ analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning.
A. Componential B. Contrastive C. Comparative D. Inflection
25. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, __________, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.
A. morphemes B. elements C. segments D. constituents
26. ____________ motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language in order to communicate with native speakers of the target language.
A. Positive B. Integrative C. Instrumental D. Intrinsic
27. The words on the left side of the heads are said to function as _______.
A. modifiers B. qualifiers C.specifiers D. determiners
28.The following sounds belong to the same natural class EXCEPT____.
A.[t] B.[s] C.[p] D.[k]
29. The sentence that has a NP and a PP can be shown in a ______ formula “S→NP PP”.
A. hierarchical B. tree diagram C. vertical D. linear
30. If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, it is said to be______.
A. prescriptive B. descriptive C. synchronic D. diachronic
31.The relationship between “ flower “ and “ rose” is _______.
A.homonymy B. hyponymy C. polysemy D. synonymy
32.The pair of words “ east ” and “ west “ is ________.
A. gradable antonyms B.co-hyponyms C.complementary opposite
D. relational opposites
33.Which of the following hypothesis is put forward by Eric Lenneberg?
A. Critical Period Hypothesis B. Input Hypothesis
C. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis D. Language Acquisition Device Hypothesis
34. X: John has taken part in the London Olympic Games.
Y: John is a sportsman.
The sense relation between the above sentences is _____.
A. X entails Y B. X is inconsistent with Y
C. X presupposes Y D. X is synonymous with Y
35.The word “unreasonably” consists of ____ morphemes.
A. 4 B. 3 C. 5 D.2
36.____ occurs when the Cooperative Principle is violated.
A. Locutionary act B. Illocutionary act
C. Conversational implicature D. Intralingual error
37. When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment that occurs in the same place in the string, the two sound combinations are said to form a __________.
A. adjacency pairs B. minimal pairs
C. complementary pairs D. similar pairs
38.”Brunch” is a word formed by _____.
A. clipping B. back-formation C. coinage D. blending
39.Which of the underlined morphemes below is a derivational morpheme?
A. started B. jumping C. physician D. suffixes
40.____ is concerned with the processes of language comprehension and production.
A. Pragmatics B. Morphology C. Semantics D. Psycholinguistics
III.True of false judgement (20%)
41. The brain, weighing about 1,400grams, consists of about ten billion nerve cells called neurons.
42. W hat is measured in the priming experiment is the extent to which the prime influences the subject’s psychological decision performance on the target stimulus.
43. According to Austin, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking: locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act.
44. Diacritics are added to the letter-symbols to bring out finer distinctions than the letters alone may possibly do.
45.Mode of discourse refers to the role of relationship in the situation in question.
46.”Language is arbitrary” means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds since different sounds are used to refer to the same object in different languages.
47.Derivational morphemes are the group of morphemes such as –en,-ate, and –ic etc. Because when they are conjoined to other morphemes (or words), a new word is derived of formed.
48. Locutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance; it is the act performed by saying something.
49.The cortex is separated by the longitudinal fissure into two parts: the left and right cerebral hemispheres.
50. Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by N. Chomsky in 1967.
IV.Explain the following notions briefly (25%)
51.behaviourist
52.sense and reference
53.Wh-Movement
54.LAD
55.Draw a tree diagram for “The girl bought the book.”
V. Essay question (15%)
Write a passage of 120-150words on the following topic .
56. What are suprasegmental features? How do the major suprasegmental features of English function in conveying meaning?Illustrate your answer with concrete examples.
部分参考答案（非官方答案，但大部分正确）：
1.auditory 2. complements 3. Homonymy
4. Sociolect 5. acquired 6. relativity
7. morpheme 8. interractionist 9. Context
10. Prescriptive 11. voicing 12. Reference
13. Aphasia 14 . Determiner 15. systematic
16. closed 17. pidgin 18. Acronyms
19. Integrative 20. performance
21. D 22. C 23. C 24. A 25. A
26.B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30.B
31.B 32.D 33. A 34.C 35.A
36. C 37.B 38. D 39. C 40.D
41.T 42. F 43.T 44. T 45. F 46. T 47.T 48.F 49.T 50.F
51.Traditional behaviorists view language as behavior and believe that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation.
52. They are two related but different aspects of meaning.
1) Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form; it is abstract and de-contextualized. It is the aspect of meaning dictionary compliers are interested in.
2) Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and non-linguistic world of experience.
53. Wh-movement---- Move a wh phrase to the beginning of the sentence.
Move a wh phrase to the specifier position under CP. (Revised)
54. It is the capacity to acquire one’s first language , when this capacity is pictures as a sort of mechanism or apparatus. In the 1960s and 1970s Chomsky and others claimed that every normal human being was born with an LAD. The LAD included basic knowledge about the nature and structure of human language . The LAD was offered as an explanation of why children develop competence in their first language in a relatively short time , merely by being exposed to it.
55. 略
56. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called suprasegmental features. The main suprasegmental features include stress, intonation, and tone.
The location of stressing English distinguishes meaning. There are two kinds of stress; word stress and sentence stress. For example, a shift of stress may change the part of speech of a word from a noun, to a verb although its spelling remains unchanged.
Tones are pitch variations, which can distinguish meaning just like phonemes.
Intonation plays an important role in the conveyance of meaning in almost every language, especially in a language like English. When spoken in different tones, the same sequence of words may have different meanings
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