高中英语语法通霸2-冠词的用法专项讲解与练习.doc

第一章 冠词的用法专项讲解与练习有答案

冠词可以分为定冠词（the），不定冠词（a, an），和零冠词（即不用冠词，如They’re students. students前就可以说用的零冠词。Water is important. 我们可以说water前用的零冠词。）
冠词的用法上可以分为：特指、独指和类指。

第1讲 冠词的特指、独指和类指

考点1. 定冠词的特指用法
定冠词的特指用法：非常明确地指出何人或何物，相当于汉语中的“这个/那个；这些/那些”，可以分为前照应特指、后照应特指和语境特指。
A. 前照应特指
名词带有后置定语来修饰限定这个名词，表明这个名词是特定的某一个。冠词在前面与后面的描述照应。如：
This is the book you lent me yesterday.
这就是你昨天借给我的那本书。
This is the boy from England.
这就是来自英国的那个男孩。
1. 【2015重庆】I just heard____ bank where Dora works was robbed by______ gunman wearing a mask.
A. the; / B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the
2. 【2014陕西】______ village where I was born has grown into ______ town.
A. The; a B. A; the C. The; the D. A; a
B. 后照应特指
第一次提到某物某人时用不定冠词，再次提到该人该物时用定冠词。冠词在后面与前面相照应。如：
I bought a book yesterday. The book cost me 20 yuan.
3. This is _____ egg. _____ egg is big.
A. a; A B. an; An C. a; The D. an; The
4. There is _____ bridge over there. _____ bridge is made of wood.
A. the; The B. a; A C. the; A D. a; The
C. 语境特指
不是建立在上下文的照应关系上，而是建立在谈话双方共有的知识上。如：
Open the door. 把门打开。
Where is the book？那本书在哪里？
5. 【2011山东】Take your time—it’s just _____ short distance from here to _____ restaurant.
A. /; the B. a; the C. the; a D. /; a
6. 【2006北京】I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _____ keyboard.
You shouldn’t put drinks near _____ computer.
A. the; / B. the; a C. a; / D. a; a
7. 【2008江西】—I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
—It is not your fault. With _____ rush-hour traffic and _____ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.
A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a
考点2. 独指：指世上独一无二的事
定冠词的独指用法：世界上独一无二的事物前，要用定冠词。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world, the sky, the universe, etc.
8. We can see _____ sun and _____ moon in _____ picture.
A. a; the; the B. the; a; the
C. a; the; a D. the; the; the
9. It’s _____ pleasure to see _____ sun rising in _____ east.
A. /; the; / B. a; /; / C. a; the; the D. /; the; the
考点3. 类指
A. 可数名词表示类指时，有三种情况
A horse is a domestic（[d«ÈmestIk]家养的）animal.
= The horse is a domestic animal.
= Horses are domestic animals.
但是这三种类指方法各有侧重：
the指的是整个类别，这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的 (多用于谈论发明物和科技问题)。如：
The compass was invented in China, but the computer was not. 罗盘是在中国发明的，但计算机不是。
a(n)侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。如：
A cat has four legs. 猫有四条腿。
不用冠词的复数名词侧重指类别中的许多个体。如：
Children usually start walking at around one year old.
小孩儿一般一岁左右开始走路。
Do you like horses? 你喜欢马吗？
(不能说Do you like a horse?)
在类指时如何使用冠词要根据所要表达内容的具体情况而定。
The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.
虎有灭绝的危险。
(不能说“A tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.”。濒临灭绝指的是整个虎类，而不是任何一只老虎都面临灭绝的危险。)
10. _____ are very popular with people all over the world, but do you know who was it that invented _____ telephone?
A. The telephone; /  B. Telephone; a
C. The telephones; the   D. Telephones; the
11. _____ trains are faster than _____ buses.
A. /; / B. The; / C. /; the D. The; a
12. 【2012江西】The Smiths don’t like staying at _____ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _____ sea.
A. /; a B. the; the C. /; the D. the; a
13. 【2011全国I】 It is generally accepted that _____ boy must learn to stand up and fight like _____ man.
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; /
14. In China, _____ car is becoming _____ popular means of transportation.
A. the; a B. a; / C. the; the D. a; the
15. 【2009北京】 The biggest whale is _____ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of _____ 9-story building.
A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a
B. 不可数名词泛指时不用冠词，特指时用定冠词
Water is a liquid. 水是液体。
Music is an art. 音乐是艺术。
The water in the bottle goes bad.
瓶子里的那些水变坏了。
16. Since he has no sense of ______ humor, I’m sure he didn’t catch ______ humor in your remarks.
A. /; the B. a; the  C. a; / D. the; a
17. It is known to all that ______ light travels faster than ______ sound.
A. /; / B. a; a C. the; the D. the; /
18. 【2008湖南】Have you heard ______ news？The price of ______ petrol is going up again!
A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /
C. 抽象名词前不用冠词可以表示概念
在可数名词中，如go to school“去上学”，名词前不用冠词可以表示概念，用冠词则表示具体的某一个，如go to the school“去那所学校（不一定是去上学）”。抽象名词也是这样。如attain independence表达的是“获得独立”这个概念。the常译作“这个/那个；这些/那些”
19. 【2012全国新课标】 Sarah looked at ______ finished painting with ______ satisfaction.
A. /; a B. a; the C. the; / D. the; a
20. 【2013新课标I】India attained ____ independence in 1947, after _____ long struggle.
A. /; a B. the; a C. an; / D. an; the
考点4. 名词有修饰语时，不一定都是特指
I like books with hard covers. 我喜欢精装书。
I like the books with hard covers. 我喜欢那些精装书。
在第一句中，books是泛指精装书这一类书，是类指。在第二句中，是特指，所以用定冠词。
在第一句中，with hard covers是描绘性定语。在第二句中，with hard covers是限制性定语，指的是那些书中精装的那些，而不是别的。
因此，名词有后置修饰语时，名词前用什么冠词，还要从特指和类指的角度来考虑。
21. 【2000全国】Most animals have little connection with ______ animals of ______ different kind unless they kill them for food.
A. the; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; the
22. 【2004北京春】On ______ news today, there were ______ reports of heavy snow in that area.
A. the; the B. the; / C. /; / D. /; the
23. As a consequence，______ fruits such as peaches and pears are in fact related, although they are different at ______ first sight.
A. the; the B. /; the C. /; / D. the; /

I. 单句改错
1. 【2012全国Ⅱ】To deal with a problem, I think, we should first go all out to plant trees because trees will help save water.
2. 【2011全国Ⅰ】One of my unforgettable memories of my school in Xinjiang is that of lunches we brought from our homes.
3. 【2006山东】As you know, I’m still buried in books at school you are so familiar with.
4. 【2008全国Ⅱ】Second, I will learn more about history of the Olympics as well as the 2008 Olympic Games.
5. —Who invented a computer?
—I don’t know.
6. The meeting is about safety problems, such as how to use the electricity safely.
7. We should obey the traffic rules.
II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）
8. 【2011福建】According to ______ (科学家）, doing sport can benefit people a lot mentally as well as physically.
9. 【2008浙江】 Plants and a______, including humans, need food and water to survive.
10. I have to ride ______ (自行车) to work, but ______ (自行车) you bought yesterday is too small.
11. He was addicted to playing video ______ (game), which was why he dropped out of school.
12. ______ (cell phone) are popular with ______ (学生), but they may affect their studies.
13. 【2008重庆】In many places in China, ______ bicycle is still ______ popular means of transportation.
14. In ______(外国)，living costs are higher.
15. In short, ______(书) can provide us with so many things.
III. 写作技能提升
遇到名词要考虑是特指还是类指
16. 水对于我们生活很重要，因此我们要尽我们最大努力来阻止它被污染。（be important to, do our best, prevent …from , pollute）
17. 我家乡附近那条河里的水已经被严重污染。我们要求政府尽早采取适当的措施来保护它。（be polluted seriously, demand, the government, take appropriate measures, as soon as ）
18. 都说老师们过着简朴的生活，但我认为当老师很有意义。（be said to, live a simple life, be a teacher, meaningful）
19. 计算机在我们生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。（computer, play a part/role in）
20. 我将乘出租车去医院，因为出租车比公交车快。（take a taxi to, bus）
21. 钱对于我们来说确实很重要，但它并不代表一切。（do matter, be not everything）
22. 在我看来，一个学生应当关心他的学业成绩。（personally, care about, academic performance）
23. 中午的时候在没有任何保护措施的情况下直视太阳对我们的眼睛有害。（be harmful to, look straight at, without any protection）
24. 我喜欢门大、窗户大的房子，但是眼前有红屋顶的这一座不是我喜欢的。（house, with big doors and windows, a red roof, not my type）
25. 【2015上海】街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区，(street artist; bring; neighborhood)

第2讲 不定冠词a，an 的基本用法

考点1. a, an 的选择
名词前用a还是用an关键是看该单词音标中第一个音素是元音音素还是辅音音素。
There is ______ “u” in the word “use”. 这里用a。因为字母u的读音为[juù]，[j]为辅音音素。
在26个字母前：
用a的有14个：b, c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z；
用an的有12个：a, e, i, o; f, l, m, n, s, x; h; r 。
用an的情况分类记为：
A. 元音字母（4个）：a, e, i, o
B. 字母读音中第一个音素为 [e]（6个）：
f [ef], l [el], m [em], n [en], s [es], x [eks]
C. 字母读音中第一个音素为 [eI]（1个）：h [eItS]
D. 字母读音中第一个音素为 [Aù] (1个)：r [Aù]
1. Mr. Taylor has ______ 8-year-old daughter who is ______ girl for painting – she has won two nation prizes.
A. a; a B. an; the C. an; a D. the; a
2. Susan, ______ university student from Europe, teaches me ______ art in her spare time.
A. an; / B. a; the C. a; / D. an; the
3. A little boy wrote ______ “U” and ______ “n” on the wall.
A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a
4. Now he is ______ artist. I have known him since he was ______ one-year-old boy.
A. a; an B. a; a C. an; an D. an; a
5. 【2004浙江】The Wilsons live in ______ A-shaped house near the coast. It is ______ 17th century cottage.
A. the; / B. an; the C. /; the D. an; a
考点2. a/an有表示“每一个”之意，不能用one 替换
6. The train is running fifty miles ______.
A. an hour B. one hour C. the hour D. a hour
7. The new D-type trains can run at speeds of 200 to 250 kilometers ______ hour. The trip from Shanghai to Beijing only takes 10 hours now.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
考点3. help, success, honor, must, wonder, failure, wonder表示具体意义时（参看P.12Error! Reference source not found.）
抽象名词在表示具体意义（译为“……的人或事”）时是可数名词，其前用不定冠词。
This book is a great success. 这本书很成功。
He is a success as a writer. 他作为作家是成功的。
He is a great help to me. 他对我帮助很大。
This dictionary is a great help. 这本字典很有用。
8. Mr. Smith told us that ______ gold medal his son had got was considered ______ great honor to the whole family.
A. the; / B. the; a C. a; a D. a; the
9. Don’t you think it ______ surprise that a German cannot speak ______ German language?
A. /; the B. a; the C. a; / D. /; the
10. 【2007福建】—How about ______ Christmas evening party?
—I should say it was ______ success.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; / D. the; /
11. 【2007浙江】I like ______ color of your skirt. It is ______ good match for your blouse.
A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the
12. 【2012山东】Being able to afford ______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times.
A. the; the B. a; a C. a; / D. /; a
13. ______ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is ______ major concern of the country.
A. The; / B. The; a C. An; the D. An; /
考点4. 用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”（参看P.12Error! Reference source not found.）
如：That’s a green tea. 那是一种绿茶。
They were caught in a heavy rain.
他们淋了一场大雨。
It’s a great pleasure to have a talk with you.
和你谈话是件快乐的事情。
14. —What would you like, sir?
— ______.
A. Two cups coffee   B. Two cups of coffees 
C. Two coffees   D. Two cup of coffees
考点5. 用在一些专有名词和一些本身前面要用定冠词的名词前
表示某个时期或具有某种特征的人或物。此时，专有名词常有前置修饰性定语。
In four minutes he was met by an anxious Miss Cramb.
四分钟之后，焦急的克朗姆小姐向他迎来。
She is now a different Miss Nancy from what she was when she was my neighbor.
她现在已不是与我为邻居时的那个南希小姐了。
15. 【2010江苏】The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ______ people from all walks of life are working hard for ______ new Jiangsu.
A. /; a B. /;the C. the; a D. the; the
16. 【2009安徽】We can never expect ______ bluer sky unless we create ______ less polluted world.
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the
考点6. 用在人名或星期前，表示“某一”， 相当于a certain
不定冠词用于人名或星期几之前，表示说话者对所谈及的人或时间把握不大，不知道到底是谁或哪个星期几。此时的不定冠词相当于one或a certain。
17. 【2014重庆】I can’t tell you ______ way to the Wilsons’ because we don't have ______Wilson here in the village.
A. the; a B. a; / C. a: the D. the; /
18. 【2005山东】I know ______ John Lennon, but not ______ famous one .
A. /; a B. a; the C. /; the D. the; a
19. 【2005 湖南】 I can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left ______ city. I only remember it was ______ Monday.
A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a
考点7. 用在人名、地名等前面，相当于汉语中的“借代”修辞手法
用于人名、地名、书名之前，表示所提及的人或物与专有名词所指的人或物具有相同的性质。
He is a Shakespeare in his dramatic skill.
在戏剧技巧方面他可以说是莎翁再世。
20. 【2011浙江】 Experts think that ______ recently discovered painting may be ______ Picasso.
A. the; / B. a; the C. a; / D. the; a
21. 【2015四川】Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be______ Beethoven.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
考点8. be of an (a) age /size /height /shape /color /weight/ type /price等表示“相同的”
Those windows are of a size. 这些窗户大小相同。
＝Those windows are of the same size.
They are nearly of an age. 他们基本同龄。
＝They are nearly of the same age.
22. These two Christmas trees are of ______size, but the one they bought yesterday is maybe twice ______size of them.
A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a

I. 单句改错
1. 【2014辽宁】Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.
2. 【2008四川】I have decided to buy them some nice gifts. It will be a big surprising for them.
3. 【2009浙江】The driver put the window down and offered us a umbrella, because he found we were wet through.
4. People there have two meals one day.
5. The train is running fifty miles one hour. one改为an
II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）
6. 【2014湖南】By avoiding things likely to upset your neighbors, you can enjoy ______ friendly relationship with them.
7. 【2014上海】Peter Fox, who is ______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project.
8. He is ______ (fail) as a father. His son has been spoiled by him.
9. —Can I speak to Mr. Green?
—Sorry. There isn’t ______ Mr. Smith here.
10. The party last night was ______ great success. We sang and danced until it came to ______ end at 12:00.
III. 写作技能提升
11. 就在那时，有一个七岁的小女孩正步行穿越马路。（there be, walk across）
12. 他考试总是在班级名列第一，竞赛中总是获一等奖。他是他家庭的荣耀，是我们班级的骄傲。（rank first, the first prize, in competitions, an honor to , the pride of）
13. 由于他把大部分时间都用在学英语上，难怪他英语说得这么好。（as, devote…to, no wonder, fluently）
14. 这次演出远不是什么失败。事实上，它是一次极大的成功。（the performance, far from, failure, success）
15. 要学好英语，一本好的字典是必需的。（dictionary, a must）
16. 我们中每一个人都应当为创造一个更美丽的世界而做出贡献。（every one, make a contribution to, create, world）

第3讲 定冠词the 的基本用法

考点1. 与序数词和最高级连用
在表达“一年级”时，我们可以说：Grade One或the first grade。可以看出：用基数词表示名称时，基数词放在名词后面，名词前面不用冠词，且名词和基数词都要大写；用序数词表示名称时，序数词放在名词前面，序数词前面要用冠词，序数词和名词都小写。
1. 【1999全国】Paper money was in ______ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ______ thirteenth century.
A. the; / B. the; the C./; the D. /; /
2. He is a student of ______.
A. class First B. the class one C. Class One D. First Class
3. We were so late getting to the theatre that we missed most of ______.
A. the act first B. Act One
C. act first D. first act
4. He lived in ______.
A. the room 105 B. the 105 room
C. the 105 of the room D. Room 105
考点2. 表示乐器类名词前用定冠词
球类、棋类等运动类名词前不用冠词, 而乐器类名称前要用定冠词。有人想了这个办法可以帮助记忆，“搞体育的人总是“衣冠不齐”（没有冠词），而搞音乐的人“衣冠整齐”（有冠词）”。
5. —Tina，could you please play ______ piano for me while I’m singing？
—With pleasure.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
6. He can play almost every kind of music instrument but he is good ______.
A. at the flute    B. at flute 
C. at a flute D. at that flute
考点3. 与形容词或分词连用, 指一类人
the poor 穷人 the old老年人
the young 年轻人 the wounded 伤员
the injured 受伤的 the rich 富人
the Chinese 中国人 the Japanese 日本人
有时也可表示具体的某个或某些。如：
The wounded was a young boy. 受伤的是个小男孩。
7. He wrote ______ song, which turned out to be rather popular with ______ young.
A. the; the  B. a; / C. a; the D. the; /
8. The investigators found that more should be done for ______ in India.
A. those poor B. a poor C. poor D. the poor
9. 【2014天津】Life is like ______ocean; only ______ st