初中英语定语从句讲解4与练习学案(含答案).doc

初中英语定语从句讲解与练习学案一定语从句的理解： 用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语：a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red 如果定语是句子，便称为定语从句。I know the girl. The girl is in red. (两个简单句) I know the girl who is in red.（定语从句） 被修饰的词是_。这个词就称为先行词。其中连接两个句子的是_，称为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当_。附：关系词与先行词的关系：关系词和先行词密切相关，因为关系词用来指代先行词，并且在从句中充当一定的成分。定语从句中常用的关系词有：关系代词 who / whom (先行词表示人) which (先行词表示物) that / whose (先行词表示人或物) 关系代词在从句中可充当主语，宾语或定语；关系副词 when (表示时间) where (表示地点) why (表示原因) 关系副词在从句中充当状语。结论：关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二按关系词种类学习 （一）关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语。(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)(3)Is this the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday？这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗？ (4)The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.注：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?注：that的用法(1) 只能用that而不用which作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 (a) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 (b) 先行词有the only, the very, the last, just修饰时，只用that。 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我想买的字典。(c) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that,不能用which。. This is the first English movie that I have ever seen. 这是我曾看过的第一部英文电影。This is the best book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的书。 (d) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 (e) 当主句以There be结构开头时，或关系代词在there be结构中作实义主语，先行词为物。There is a seat in the corner that is still free. There are two books on history that are for you. (f) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时。 Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？Who that break the window should be punished. 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚 (2) 不用that的情况 (a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 The necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday. 你送给我做礼物的项链昨天丢了。Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (b) 介词后不能用。注：介词+关系词引导定语从句时，介词后只能用which或whom。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. =We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 关系代词一览表关系代词指代引导的从句在从句中的作用例 句who人限制性，非限制性主语，宾语This is the scientist who came from London.Is this the famous singer (who/ whom) you talked about yesterday? whom人限制性，非限制性宾语She is a student (who/ whom)we should learn from.她是一个我们应该学习的学生。whose人的物的限制性，非限制性定语They rushed over to help the man whose car broke down. 他们跑过去帮助那个汽车抛锚的人。Have you seen the film “Titanic”, whose leading actor is world famous? 注：使用关系代词who, whom, whose时注意的几方面关系代词的省略关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。who既可作主语，也可作宾语，而whom只能作宾语。Is he the man who wants to see you? 他就是那个想见你的人吗？He is the man (who/ whom) I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天看见的那个人。whose+ n. = the+ n. + of which/ of which the + n. whose既可以指“人的”，也可以指“物的”。指“物的”时，能与of which互换，而且of which既可置于名词之前，也可置于名词之后，且名词之前必须有定冠词the。There is a mountain whose top/the top of which/of which the top is always covered with snow.有一座山顶常年被雪覆盖的山。（二）关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词= 介词+关系代词 why= for which where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) 1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.了解 表示时间“time”一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that。 By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。 I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。 Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。 每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。 3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。 (1) This is the house where/ in which I lived two years ago. (2) From the year when/in which he went to school, he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. (3) I still remember the day when/on which I joined our club. (4) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,关系副词用法一览表关系副词指代在从句中的作用例句when时间时间状语（=at/ in/ on +which）I shall never forget the day when we moved into our new house. (when=on which)where地点地点状语（=at/ in/ on+ which）Beijing is the place where I was born. (where =in which)北京是我出生的地方。why原因原因状语（=for which）Is this the reason why he refused our offer? (why=for which)这是他拒绝我们帮助的原因吗？关系代词和关系副词的选择要看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分：如果作状语，则用关系副词；如果作主语、宾语、表语，则用关系代词，不能只看先行词是什么。 that/ which I spent with you on the farm. (关系代词作Ill never forget the day spent的宾语) when I worked with you on the farm. (关系副词作时间状语，when=on which) that/ which makes bikes. (关系代词作定语从句的主语)He works in the factory where bikes are made. (关系副词在句中作地点状where=in which) that/ which he explained to us. (关系词作explained的宾语)This is the reason why he was late.( 关系副词作原因状语，why=for which)三使用定语从句需要注意的问题：（1）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常省去。如：The play（which）I watched just now had been on twice on Channel 3. 我刚才看的那个戏剧在3频道上已上演了两次。（2） 当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。如：This is the house (that/ which )we lived in last year.= This is the house in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me the person (who/ whom) you borrowed the English novel from.= Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 三、跟踪练习（一） 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每组两个简单句合成一个复合句。1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2. The old man is a professor. He will give us a talk tomorrow.3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us. 8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me the book last week.9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.（二） 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1. The house _ we live in is very big.2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.6. There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him.7. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class.8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.9. Is this the place _ your father once lived?10. Ill never forget the days _ I joined the League.11. He likes to read books _ are written by foreign writers.12. Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.13. The professor _ you are waiting for has come. 14. Football is a game _is liked by most boys. 15. Well go to hear the famous singer _ we have often talked.16. The season_ comes after spring is summer. 17. I visited a scientist _ name is known all over the country. 18. I once lived in the house _ roof has fallen in. 19. I still remember the day _ I first came to this school. 20. The time _ we got together finally arrived. 21. Shanghai is the city _ I was born. 22. The house _ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 23. Please tell me the reason _ you missed the plane. 24. The school _ he once studied is very famous. 25. He succeeded in the competition(比赛), _ made his parents very happy.（三）单项填空基础选择1. Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? Oh! Its Mr. Baker, our math teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which 2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.A. who B. whom C. he D. which5. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when7. The moon is a world _ there is no life.A. that B. which C. where D. why8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived.A. when B. where C. that D. which9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where12. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where13. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where14. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station. A. that B. which C. where D. when15. The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important.A. whoB. where C. what D. that16. Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday?He has gone back to Qinghua University.A. whom B. who C. whose D. which17. I hate people _ talk much but do little.A. whoseB. whom C. whichD. who18. Do you know a boy _ sister is a nurse in a hospital?A. who B. that C. whom D. whose19. Is there a shop near here_ we can buy vegetables and fruits?A. which B. when C. who D. where 20. The park, _ we visited yesterday, is very nice.A. where B. which C. that D. when21.Is there anything _ I can do for you?A. what B. which C. that D. it22. That is the reason _ he came to see you.A. when B. that C. which D. for which23. Some of the roads were flooded, _ made our journey more difficult.A. which B. it C. what D. that24. You are the only one _ advice he might listen to.A. who B. that C. whose D. whatever 25. The man _ coat is black is waiting at the gate. A. whos B. whose C. that D. of which拓展提高1. The scientist the teacher is talking _ is leaving for Beijing.A. to him B. whom C. to D. to that2. _ they could do was to work hard. A. All B. All what C. All which D. That3. Pay attention to all _ I do.A. which B. in which C. what D. that4. The room _ windows face south is his. A. that B. which C. whose D. whos5. The park, _ we met with him, is very nice. A. where B. which C. that D. when6. Ive read all the books _ you gave me. A. which B. them C. what D. that7. The pen _ Im using _ is hers. A. which; it B. that; it C. it; / D. /;/8. I have the same trouble _ you have. A. that B. which C. as D. what9. Its the very book _ I want to find. A. which B. that C. it D. so10. He is the only one of the boys who _ English for four years.A. has learnt B. have learnt C. learn D. learning11. This is one of the books _ worth reading.A. that is B. which are C. it was D. they are been12. He is the only one of the teachers _ Spanish in our school.A. who teachesB. who teach C. which teaches D. that teach13. This is the best film _ been shown this year.A. which has B. which have C. that has D. that have14. Oct. 1, 1949 was the day _ the New China was founded(成立).A. that B. in which C. when D. where15. The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which16. Ive never seen such a lazy boy _ you are. A. which B. who C. that D. as17. There were many great leaders in history _ Abraham Lincoln was the greatest one.A. in which B. in whom C. of which D. of whom18. I bought a new dictionary, _ is very beautiful.A. whose the cover B. of which cover C. the cover of which D. which cover19. They have planted many trees, one third of _ are pine trees.A. them B. whose C. which D. that20. Shanghai, _ I have visited twice, has a large population.A. where B. which C. what D. that21. The students didnt like the way _ she was dressed.A./ B. which C. what D. how22. He used to do things in a way _ did no harm to anybody.A. / B. what C. in which D. that23. Is this the museum _ some German friends visited last Wednesday?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one24. She is one of the few persons _ Spanish in our school.A. who knows B. who know C. which speak D. that speaks25. Do you know