新版八年级英语(下册)第四单元知识点归纳.doc

.新版八年级英语下册第四单元知识点归纳Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?Why dont you talk to your parents? 你为什么不和你打父母谈谈呢？【解析】Why dont you do sth ?= Why not do sth? 为什么不.呢？【拓展】用于提建议的句型有：(1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? .怎么样？(2)Why dont you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不呢？(3)Lets do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。(4)Shall we/I do sth?我们做好吗？(5)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事(6) Will/Would you please do sth 请你做好吗？(7) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗？(8)Would you mind doing sth？你介意做某事吗？【回答】(1). 同意对方的建议时，一般用： Good idea./ Thats good idea. 好主意OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/太好了 Yes, please ./ Id love to 是的/ 我愿意 I agree with you 我同意你的看法 No problem 没问题Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以Yes, I think so 对，我也这样想(2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用： I dont think so 我认为不是这样Sorry, I cant 对不起，我不能Id love to, but Im afraid我愿意，但恐怕I have to study too much so I dont get enough sleep. 我要学的太多，因此我睡眠不足。【解析1】(1)too many + 复数名词 许多 too many people(2)too much +不可数名词 许多 too much homework(3)much too +形容词 太 much too cold【解析2】so conj. 因此 (表示因果关系，后面跟表示结果的句子，不与because同时使用）My parents dont allow me to hang out with my friends. 我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们出去闲逛。【解析】allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事【拓展】allow v 允许allow doing sth 允许做某事 They dont allow smoking.allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事My mother allows me to watch TV.be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事We dont allow _(smoke) in the reading room.Our teacher allows us _(go) out for a walk.The boy should be allowed_(play) after supper.We wont allow _in the cinema .But you are allowed _in the rest room.(smoke)Teenagers should _ (allow) to choose their own clothes.【拓展】allow与let的辨析：allow指“允许”，表示“默许，听任，不加阻止”，allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。Let指“让”，let sb do sth让某人做某事，语意较弱，多用于口语中，let不能用于被动语态。4. Whats wrong? 怎么啦？【解析】Whats wrong( with sb./ sth) （某人/物） 怎么了？Im really tried because I studied until midnight last night. 我真的很累，因为我昨天晚上一直学习到半夜。【解析】until 直到.时Why dont you go to sleep earlier this evening?今天晚上你为什么不早点睡觉呢？【解析】go to sleep 去睡觉 (强调“入睡，睡着”这一动作）7. You look sad, Kim. 金，你看起来很伤心。【解析】look 看起来 （系动词，后跟形容词作宾语）【拓展】：系动词：后跟adj. 作表语一是：（be） am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静二保持：stay/keep （表示持续状态） stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康三变化：become/get/turn （表示状态变化）五起来：sound/look/smell/taste/feel （表示感觉）( )Jack usually gets _ when he speaks in public. A. happily B. exciting C. worried D. tired( ) Toms father looks very _. But he is very kind. A. seriously B. serious C. friendlyYou _ call him up. 你_ 给他打电话。【解析】call up (v + adv) call on 拜访；号召 I call up my parents every Sunday.9.Well, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday. 哦，昨天我发现我妹妹翻了我的东西。【解析1】find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事Mr. Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook in the class.类似动词：hear，watch, see, feel【解析2】look through 浏览【拓展】与look相关的短语：look for look after=take care of look like look the same look over look throughlook out look up look around look forward to10. Yes, but Im still angry with her. 是的，但是我仍然很生她的气。【解析】be angry with sb. 生某人的气【拓展】angry adj. 生气的 angrily adv. 生气地(1)be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气【with后接人】(2)be angry at/about sth对某事感到生气 【at后接事】(3)be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气【记】 My father was very _(对生气)his computer. He hit the computer _(angry)( ) Why are you unhappy, Kate? I didnt finish my homework again. Im afraid Miss Gao will be _ me. A. angry with B. friendly to C. proud of( ) I was very angry _ myself _ making such as a stupid mistakes. A. at; at B. with; for C. at; with D. with; at11.Although shes wrong, Its not a big deal. 尽管她错了，但也不是什么大错。【解析1】although= though 尽管 , 用来引导让步状语从句。【注】though / although 不能与but连用【拓展】although/however辨析although conj，“虽然；即使；纵然”，引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。Although he is very old, yet he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了，但身体还很健壮。 however adv，在句中作插入语，起一个连词的作用，一般用逗号与句子分开，可以放在句首或句中，意为“然而，尽管如此”。Its raining hard, However, I think we should go out.雨下的很大。尽管如此，我认为我们还应该出去。【解析2】Its not a big deal. 没什么大不了；不是什么大事（常用于口语中）You left your homework at home. 你把作业忘在家里了。【解析】leave v 遗忘，留下 leave sth . somewhere把某物忘在某地 leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下12. Hope things work out. 希望事情顺利解决。【解析1】hope v 希望hope to do sth I hope to visit Guilin. hope + that 从句 （表示希望） I hope that youll be better soonwish v 希望 wish to do sth I wish to visit Guilin.wish sb.to do sth 希望某人做某事 I wish you to go.wish +that 从句 表示愿望，从句用虚拟语气 I wish I were you.【解析2】work out 解决；成功地发展，后跟fine,well, badly等词，表明产生的结果如何。13.My problem is I cant get on with my favorite. 我的问题是我不能喝我的家人和睦相处。【解析】get on with sb. 和某人和睦相处；和某人关系良好 =get along with get on well/ badly with 相处的好/坏14.When they argue, its like a big, black cloud hanging over our home.当他们争吵的时候，就像有一大团乌云笼罩在我们家。【解析1】argue 争吵argument n 争论 have an argument with sb.与某人辩论argue with sb. 与某人争吵 argue with sb. about sth 为某事与某人争吵 argue about sth 争论某事argue against 争辩；反对 He argued against the plan【解析2】 hang over 挂在.之上； 悬浮在.之上hang out 闲逛；常去某处 He likes reading and he often hangs out in the bookshop. hang on to 紧紧抓住 Youd better hang on to me in the crowd.hang up 挂电话；悬挂 After she finished her conversation15.Also, my elder brother is not very nice to me.【解析】elder adj.年纪较长的 His elder brother is ill.elder用来表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系，常用作定语older泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系，可以用作表语，是old的比较级形式。【记】 My _brother is 7 years older than my younger sister.【解析2】be nice to sb. 对某人友好 be friendly to sb. be good to sb.16.He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show. 他总是拒绝让我看我最喜欢的电视节目。【解析】refuse =say no to v拒绝 refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事The boy refused _(go) to see his father with us.( ) He refused when I asked him for help. A. said yesB. said no C. said hello17.Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night. 相反，他却想看什么酒看什么， 一直到深夜。【解析1】 instead 代替，反而，替(1) instead 副词，代替，常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了，所以我去了。(2) instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是，放在句中instead of 为介词短语，后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。She wrote to him instead of calling him.=She didnt call him. She wrote to him instead.她没有给他打电话，而是给他写了封信。Health is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit _ rich food. A. instead B. instead of C. because of D. because【解析2】 whatever = no matter what 任何，每一18.If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help. 如果你的父母有问题，你应该主动提供帮助。【解析】 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事【拓展】offer v 主动给予(1) offer to do sth 主动提出做某事(2)offer sb. sth= offer sth to sb. 主动提供给某人某物( )The little boy _ his seat to the old lady on the crowded bus. A. offered B. brought C. lent D. took19.Secondly,why dont you sit down and communicate with your brother? 其次，你为什么不能坐下来和你的哥哥交流一下呢？【解析1】secondly adv.第二；其次【解析2】communicate v交流 communication n 交流；沟通communicate with sb. 和某人交流 They communicate with each other by QQ.( ) They cant understand each other so they have difficulty in _. A. communicate B. communicated C. communicating20.You should explain that you dont mind him watching TV all the time. 你应该跟他解释说你并不介意他一直看电视。【解析】explain 解释；说明 explanation n 解释；说明explain sth to sb. 向某人解释某事。 explain to sb sth给某人解释某事21. Im worried about my school grades. 我很胆小我的学习成绩。【解析】 be worried about sth. 担心某事【拓展】worry v 担心 worried adj. 焦急的 worry about = be worried about 为担心Dont be _(worry). Youll catch up with others.( ) Dont _ about things so much. It will make you stressed out.afraid B. worry C. worried D. Terrified22.My cousin borrows my things without returning them.我堂弟借我东西没有还我。【解析】return v 归还=give back return . to . = give back to . 把.还给. v 回来；返回 = come back23.My parents give me a lot of presure about school.我父母在学习上给了我很多压力。【解析】press v 按；压 pressure压力不可数名词 （物理学）压力air pressure 气压 blood pressure 血压不可数名词 还可指精神上、外界施加的压力 = stress under pressure 在压力下24.I have to compete with my classmates at school.在学校我不得不和我的同学们竞争。【解析】compete v竞争；对抗 competition n 竞争compete with sb. 和某人竞争compete against/ with 与竞争compete for 为参加比赛We are ready for the coming _(compete).25.You should all be _ each other to improve. 你们都应该互相_ 而全面发展。【解析】improve =make . better 改进 improvement n 提高26.Who gives their opinions about the problem? 对于这个问题都有谁提出了他们自己的观点。【解析】opinion n 意见；想法；看法 in ones opinion 以某人的观点；在某人看来give opinions about sth. 给出关于某事的观点。27.These days , Chinese children are sometimes busier on weekends than weekdays because they have to take so many after-school classes .目前，中国的孩子有时周末比平常还要忙，因为他们不得不上那么多的课后辅导班。【解析】some time /sometime/some times/sometimes【口诀】：分开是一段， 合起是某时； 分开s 是倍次，合起s是有时(1) some time一段时间，做时间状语 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间(2) sometime adv 在某个时候，(3) some times 名词词组，“几次，几倍” Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer.(4)sometimes=at times 有时 （一般现在时的标志词）( ) I hope to visit the USA _ in the future.A. sometimes B. some times C. sometime D. some time28. Others are practicing sports so that they can compete and win. 其他人正在练习体育运动， 这样他们就能参与竞争并获胜。【解析】 others pron. “其他的人或事物”There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。( ) My sister is outgoing . She likes making friends with _. A. other B. another C. the other D. others29.The Taylors are a typical American family.泰勒一家是一个典型的美国之家。【解析1】The Taylors 泰勒一家 。 在姓氏的复数前加冠词the表示“全家人或夫妻两人”，使用时注意主语和谓语保持一致。The Blacks are getting ready for the holiday.【解析】typical 典型的 be typical of “是的特点”30. Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but I believe these activities are important for my childrens future.或许我可以减少他们的一些活动， 但是我相信这些活动对孩子们的未来很重要。【解析】cut out 删除；删去 (v+adv) Youd better cut out that sentence. cut up 切碎 cut down 砍到 cut in 插队 cut off 切断（水、电）供应( ) Dont _ when others talk; its impolite. A. cut out B. cut in C. cut down D. cut off31. I really want them to be successful. 我真的很想他们成功。【解析】successful 成功的【拓展】 succeed v 成功，达到 success n 成功successful adj 成功的successfully adv成功地succeed in doing sthIf at first you dont _(success) . try, try again.( ) She works very hard ,so she will _ in _ the exam.A. successful; pass B. success ;passing C. succeed; passing D. successful; passing32.Its time for homework.该写作业了。【解析】Its time for sth 是到做某事的时候了。Its time for lunch. Its time to do sth Its time to go to school.( ) Its 9:30 pm., children! _ is time to go to bed. A. That B. It C. This D. TheyIn some families, competition starts very young and continues until the kids get older. 在有些家庭，竞争从孩子们很小的时候就开始了，一直持续到他们长大。【解析】continue 继续；持续【拓展】continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事) continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事（前后不是同一件事）Lets continue_(read) the text.Many students hope to continue _ (study) after _(finish) school.（ ） The two teams continued _ the game after half an hour.A. play B. to play C. playing D. played【拓展】continue，go on, last辨析continue v.继续，持续，指进程在时间或空间上的延续，强调持续不断，有时也可以指短暂停止后继续进行。He continue the work for two days.他连续两天都在做这项工作。 go on指无间歇或有间歇地继续，或以某种特定方式继续。go on to do sth继续做某事，指开始做另外一件事；go on doing sth继续做原来所做的事情。After doing his homework, he went on to preview his lessons.做完家庭作业之后，他继续去预习他的研究。last v.持续，延续，维持，指某事物继续存在或某种现象在时间上延续，说明某一动作要延续一段时间。She wont last long in that job.那个工作她做不了多久。34.Mothers send their small kids to all kinds of classes. 妈妈们把她们的小孩子送去各种各样的辅导班。【解析1】send sent sent v 发送【短语】： send away 赶走 send for 派人去请send off 寄出 send out 分发 send up 发射send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物【注】类似的动词有：show (展示； 给看) give (给) lend (借出) offer（提供） return （归还） tell （ 告诉）( ) You fill in both parts of the form, then_.A. send up it B. send for it C. send it away D. send it off( ) Please send a photo of your family _ me. A. for B. at C. to D. with【解析2】all kinds of 各种各样的 【拓展】kind (1) n 种类kind of +adj.有点，有几分，kind of cold 有点冷 a kind of 一种的，某种的 all kinds of 各种各样的different kinds of 不同种类的 What kind of?那种(2) adj. 友好的 be kind to sb. = be good to sb.=be friendly to sb. 对某人友好【辨析】kind of 与kinds of:1kind of 单独用，表示“有点”，后接形容词或副词： He is kind of thin.”他有点瘦” I feel kind of hungry.”我有点饿”Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly. 王叔叔说得有点快。2若kind of前有a, this, that, what等，译为“种，种类” 后加名词。That kind of question is difficult to answer. 那类问题难回答。What kind of sport do you like best? 你最喜欢何种运动？( ) This kind of skirt looks _ and sells _.A. nice ; well B. nice; good C. well; well D. good ;nice( ) What _ animals do you like? Monkeys. I think theyre _ clever. A. kind of; kind of B . a kind of ;a kind of C. kind of; a kind D. a kind of ; kind of( ) Its going to rain. Let me fetch an umbrella for you. Thank you ! You are so _. A. lucky B. kind C. relaxed D. Interesting【2013浙江台州】17. I want to see the movie Iron Man 3 (钢铁3). Do you know the _ of the ticket? Yes. Five dollars. A. numberB. priceC. kindD. name35.Kids should have time to relax and think for themselves, too. 孩子们也应该有时间放松和独立思考。【解析】have time to do sth 有时间做某事36. And they are always comparing them with other children.她们总是把自己的孩子和其他的孩子作比较。【解析】compare A with B 将A和B 比较 (1)comparewith 把与.做比较 (2) compareto 把.比做( ) . People often compare a teacher a candle. A. to B. into C. as D. with( ) . Its necessary English Chinese in English study. A. compare ; to B. to compare ; with C. comparing ; to D. to compare; into【2011四川广元】 Why are most children under too much pressure ? Because their parents always compare them _ others. A. With B. by C. to37. Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a childs development.医生说太多的压力不利于孩子们的发展。【解析1】be good for 对.有好处【拓展】good ( better ; best) adj. 好的 goodness n 好处；善行 ；美德 be good for 对.有益处（反） be bad for对有害处be good at +n/doing=do well in +n/doing 擅长于做某事be good to sb. =be kind to =be friendly to sb.对某人友好【记】The boy is good _me .He is good _English , and he tells me oral practice is good _improve spoken English.38.Dr. Alice Green says all these activities can cause a lot of stress for children. 爱丽丝. 格林医生说所有的这些活动可能给孩子们带来很多压力。【解析】 cause v. 造成，使发生(1) cause sb. to do sth 使某人做某事 (2) cause sb. for sb. 给某人添麻烦( ) S