新版八年级英语(下册)第四单元知识点归纳.doc

新版八年级英语下册第四单元知识点归纳
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
Why don’t you talk to your parents? 你为什么不和你打父母谈谈呢？
【解析】Why don't you do sth ?= Why not do sth? 为什么不......呢？
【拓展】用于提建议的句型有：
(1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth?  ….怎么样？
(2)Why don’t you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不呢？
(3)Let’s do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。
(4)Shall we/I do sth?我们做…好吗？
(5)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事
(6) Will/Would you please do sth 请你做…好吗？
(7) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗？
(8)Would you mind doing sth？你介意做某事吗？
【回答】
(1). 同意对方的建议时，一般用：
 ◆ Good idea./ That’s good idea. 好主意     
◆OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/太好了
 ◆ Yes, please ./ I’d love to 是的/ 我愿意     
 ◆ I agree with you 我同意你的看法
 ◆ No problem 没问题                    
 ◆Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以
 ◆Yes, I think so 对，我也这样想
(2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用：
 ◆ I don’t think so 我认为不是这样     
 ◆Sorry, I can’t 对不起，我不能
 ◆I’d love to, but…                    
 ◆ I’m afraid…我愿意，但恐怕……
 I have to study too much so I don’t get enough sleep.   我要学的太多，因此我睡眠不足。
【解析1】(1)too many + 复数名词 许多  too many people 
 (2)too much +不可数名词 许多 too much homework 
(3)much  too +形容词  太…  much too cold
【解析2】so  conj. 因此  (表示因果关系，后面跟表示结果的句子，不与because同时使用）
My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends. 我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们出去闲逛。
【解析】allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事 
【拓展】allow  v 允许
allow doing sth 允许做某事       They don’t allow smoking.
allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事My mother allows me to watch TV.
be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事
①We don’t allow ___________(smoke) in the reading room.
②Our teacher allows us ____________(go) out for a walk.
③The boy should be allowed____(play) after supper.
④We won’t allow ________in the cinema .But you are allowed ______in the rest room.(smoke)
⑤Teenagers should ___________ (allow) to choose their own clothes.
【拓展】allow与let的辨析：
allow指“允许”，表示“默许，听任，不加阻止”，
allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。
Let指“让”，let sb do sth让某人做某事，语意较弱，多用于口语中，let不能用于被动语态。
4. What’s wrong? 怎么啦？
【解析】What’s wrong( with sb./ sth) （某人/物） 怎么了？
I’m really tried because I studied until midnight last night. 我真的很累，因为我昨天晚上一直学习到半夜。
【解析】until 直到......时
Why don’t you go to sleep earlier this evening?今天晚上你为什么不早点睡觉呢？
【解析】go to sleep 去睡觉 (强调“入睡，睡着”这一动作）
7. You look sad, Kim. 金，你看起来很伤心。
【解析】look 看起来 （系动词，后跟形容词作宾语）
【【拓展】：系动词：后跟adj. 作表语
一是：（be） am /is /are  be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静
二保持：stay/keep （表示持续状态）    stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康
三变化：become/get/turn  （表示状态变化）
五起来：sound/look/smell/taste/feel （表示感觉）
(    )Jack usually gets ______ when he speaks in public.  A. happily   B. exciting   C. worried   D. tired
(    ) Tom’s father looks very _____. But he is very kind.  A. seriously    B. serious   C. friendly
 You ____ call him up. 你____ 给他打电话。
【解析】call up (v + adv)    call on 拜访；号召    I call up my parents every Sunday.
9.Well, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday.  哦，昨天我发现我妹妹翻了我的东西。
【解析1】find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事Mr. Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook in the class.
类似动词：hear，watch, see, feel
【解析2】look through 浏览
【拓展】与look相关的短语：
look for          look after=take care of    look like         look the same   look over        look through 
look out         look up    look around      look forward to 
10. Yes, but I’m still angry with her. 是的，但是我仍然很生她的气。
【解析】be angry with sb. 生某人的气
【拓展】angry adj. 生气的→ angrily adv. 生气地
(1)be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气【with后接人】
(2)be angry at/about sth对某事感到生气 【at后接事】 
(3)be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气
【记】 My father was very __________(对……生气)his computer. He hit the computer _______(angry)
(    ) — Why are you unhappy, Kate?  — I didn’t finish my homework again. I’m afraid Miss Gao will be ___ me.
     A. angry with    B. friendly to    C. proud of 
(    ) I was very angry ____ myself ___ making such as a stupid mistakes.
     A. at; at        B. with; for     C. at; with    D. with; at 
11.Although she’s wrong, It’s not a big deal. 尽管她错了，但也不是什么大错。
【解析1】although= though 尽管 , 用来引导让步状语从句。
【注】though / although 不能与but连用
【拓展】although/however辨析
⑴although conj，“虽然；即使；纵然”，引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。
Although he is very old, yet he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了，但身体还很健壮。
⑵ however adv，在句中作插入语，起一个连词的作用，一般用逗号与句子分开，可以放在句首或句中，意为“然而，尽管如此”。
It’s raining hard However, I think we should go out.雨下的很大。尽管如此，我认为我们还应该出去。
【解析2】It’s not a big deal. 没什么大不了；不是什么大事（常用于口语中）
You left your homework at home. 你把作业忘在家里了。
【解析】leave v 遗忘，留下 leave sth . somewhere把某物忘在某地    leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下
12. Hope things work out. 希望事情顺利解决。
【解析1】hope v 希望  
hope to do sth     I hope to visit Guilin.  hope + that 从句 （表示希望）  I hope that you’ll be better soon
wish v 希望   wish to do sth     I wish to visit Guilin.
 wish sb.to do sth 希望某人做某事 I wish you to go.
wish +that 从句   表示愿望，从句用虚拟语气   I wish I were you.
【解析2】work out 解决；成功地发展，后跟fine,well, badly等词，表明产生的结果如何。
 13.My problem is I can’t get on with my favorite. 我的问题是我不能喝我的家人和睦相处。
【解析】get on with sb. 和某人和睦相处；和某人关系良好 =get along with    get on well/ badly with 相处的好/坏
14.When they argue, it’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home.当他们争吵的时候，就像有一大团乌云笼罩在我们家。
【解析1】argue 争吵
→argument n 争论  have an argument with sb.与某人辩论
argue with sb. 与某人争吵   argue with sb. about sth 为某事与某人争吵  argue about sth 争论某事
argue against 争辩；反对 He argued against the plan
【解析2】 hang over  挂在......之上； 悬浮在......之上  
hang out 闲逛；常去某处  He likes reading and he often hangs out in the bookshop.
  hang on to 紧紧抓住 You’d better hang on to me in the crowd.
hang up 挂电话；悬挂  After she finished her conversation
15.Also, my elder brother is not very nice to me.
【解析】elder adj.年纪较长的  His elder brother is ill.
elder 用来表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系，常用作定语
older 泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系，可以用作表语，是old的比较级形式。
【记】 My ______brother is 7 years older than my younger sister.
【解析2】be nice to sb. 对某人友好     be friendly to sb.      be good to sb.
16.He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show. 他总是拒绝让我看我最喜欢的电视节目。
【解析】refuse =say no to  v拒绝       refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事
①The boy refused __________(go) to see his father with us.
(  　) ②He refused when I asked him for help.    A. said yes     B. said no     C. said hello
17.Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.
   相反，他却想看什么酒看什么， 一直到深夜。
【解析1】 instead 代替，反而，替
 (1) instead  副词，代替，常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。
Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了，所以我去了。
 (2) instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是，放在句中
instead of 为介词短语，后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。
She wrote to him instead of calling him.=She didn’t call him. She wrote to him instead.
她没有给他打电话，而是给他写了封信。
Health is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit _____ rich food.
         A. instead   B. instead of   C. because of   D. because
【解析2】  whatever = no matter what 任何，每一
18.If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help. 如果你的父母有问题，你应该主动提供帮助。
【解析】 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事
【拓展】offer v 主动给予
(1) offer to do sth 主动提出做某事
(2)offer sb. sth= offer sth to sb. 主动提供给某人某物
(     )The little boy _____ his seat to the old lady on the crowded bus.  A. offered  B. brought  C. lent  D. took
19.Secondly,why don’t you sit down and communicate with your brother? 其次，你为什么不能坐下来和你的哥哥交流一下呢？
【解析1】secondly  adv.第二；其次
【解析2】communicate v交流  communication n 交流；沟通communicate with sb. 和某人交流
     They communicate with each other by QQ.
(    ) They can’t understand each other so they have difficulty in _____.
      A. communicate    B. communicated    C. communicating
20.You should explain that you don’t mind him watching TV all the time. 你应该跟他解释说你并不介意他一直看电视。
【解析】explain 解释；说明 → explanation n 解释；说明
explain sth to sb. 向某人解释某事。  explain to sb sth给某人解释某事
21. I’m worried about my school grades. 我很胆小我的学习成绩。
【解析】 be worried about sth. 担心某事
【拓展】worry v 担心 → worried adj. 焦急的  worry about = be worried about 为…担心
①Don’t be _________(worry). You’ll catch up with others.
(    )② Don’t ____ about things so much. It will make you stressed out.
afraid  B. worry  C. worried  D. Terrified
22.My cousin borrows my things without returning them.我堂弟借我东西没有还我。
【解析】return  ⑴v 归还=give back    return ... to ... = give back to ... 把......还给......
⑵ v 回来；返回 = come back       
23.My parents give me a lot of presure about school.我父母在学习上给了我很多压力。
【解析】press v 按；压  →pressure压力
⑴不可数名词 （物理学）压力air pressure 气压  blood pressure 血压
⑵不可数名词 还可指精神上、外界施加的压力 = stress    under pressure 在压力下
24.I have to compete with my classmates at school.在学校我不得不和我的同学们竞争。
【解析】compete v竞争；对抗 →  competition   n 竞争
compete with sb. 和某人竞争compete against/ with 与……竞争compete for 为……参加比赛
We are ready for the coming ________________(compete).
25.You should all be ___ each other to improve.  你们都应该互相____ 而全面发展。
【解析】improve =make ... better 改进  →improvement  n 提高
26.Who gives their opinions about the problem?  对于这个问题都有谁提出了他们自己的观点。
【解析】opinion n 意见；想法；看法   in one’s opinion 以某人的观点；在某人看来
give opinions about sth. 给出关于某事的观点。
27.These days , Chinese children are sometimes busier on weekends than weekdays because they have to take so many after-school classes .目前，中国的孩子有时周末比平常还要忙，因为他们不得不上那么多的课后辅导班。
【解析】some time /sometime/some times/sometimes
【口诀】：分开是一段，   合起是某时；  分开s 是倍次，合起s是有时
(1) some time一段时间，做时间状语  It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
(2) sometime adv 在某个时候，  
(3) some times 名词词组，“几次，几倍”   Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer.
(4)sometimes=at times 有时 （一般现在时的标志词）
 (  ) I hope to visit the USA ___ in the future.
 A. sometimes  B. some times  C. sometime   D. some time
28. Others are practicing sports so that they can compete and win. 其他人正在练习体育运动， 这样他们就能参与竞争并获胜。
【解析】 others  pron.  “其他的人或事物”There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。
(    ) My sister is outgoing . She likes making friends with ____.
      A. other     B. another    C. the other   D. others
29.The Taylors are a typical American family.泰勒一家是一个典型的美国之家。
【解析1】The Taylors 泰勒一家  。 在姓氏的复数前加冠词the表示“全家人或夫妻两人”，使用时注意主语和谓语保持一致。The Blacks are getting ready for the holiday.
【解析】typical 典型的  be typical of “是……的特点”
30.. Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but I believe these activities are important for my children’s future.
或许我可以减少他们的一些活动， 但是我相信这些活动对孩子们的未来很重要。
【解析】cut out 删除；删去 (v+adv)     You’d better cut out that sentence.
       cut up 切碎 cut down 砍到  cut in 插队  cut off 切断（水、电）供应
(    ) Don’t ___ when others talk; it’s impolite.    A. cut out    B. cut in    C. cut down    D. cut off
31. I really want them to be successful. 我真的很想他们成功。
【解析】successful 成功的【拓展】 succeed  v 成功，达到 →success  n  成功
→successful  adj 成功的→successfully adv成功地  
◆succeed in doing sth 
①If at first you don’t _________success) . try, try again.
(    )② She works very hard ,so she will ____ in ____ the exam.
A. successful; pass      B. success ;passing  C. succeed; passing     D. successful; passing
32.It’s time for homework.该写作业了。
【解析】It’s time for sth 是到做某事的时候了。It’s time for lunch.    It’s time to do sth  It’s time to go to school.
(   ) It’s 9:30 pm., children! _____ is time to go to bed.
      A. That     B. It     C. This    D. They
In some families, competition starts very young and continues until the kids get older. 
  在有些家庭，竞争从孩子们很小的时候就开始了，一直持续到他们长大。
【解析】continue 继续；持续
【拓展】continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事)
        continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事（前后不是同一件事）
①Let’s continue____________(read) the text. 
②Many students hope to continue ________ (study) after _______(finish) school.
（  ）③ The two teams continued _____ the game after half an hour.
A. play    B. to play    C. playing    D. played
【拓展】continue，go on, last辨析
⑴continue  v.继续，持续，指进程在时间或空间上的延续，强调持续不断，有时也可以指短暂停止后继续进行。
He continue the work for two days.他连续两天都在做这项工作。
⑵ go on指无间歇或有间歇地继续，或以某种特定方式继续。
go on to do sth继续做某事，指开始做另外一件事；
go on doing sth继续做原来所做的事情。
After doing his homework, he went on to preview his lessons.做完家庭作业之后，他继续去预习他的研究。
⑶last  v.持续，延续，维持，指某事物继续存在或某种现象在时间上延续，说明某一动作要延续一段时间。
She won’t last long in that job.那个工作她做不了多久。
34.Mothers send their small kids to all kinds of classes. 妈妈们把她们的小孩子送去各种各样的辅导班。
【解析1】send→ sent → sent v 发送
 【短语】： send away 赶走  send for 派人去请
send off 寄出    send out 分发  send up 发射send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物
【注】类似的动词有：show (展示； 给……看) give (给) lend (借出) offer（提供） return （归还） tell （ 告诉）
(    ) ① You fill in both parts of the form, then_____.A. send up it   B. send for it  C. send it away  D. send it off
(    ) Please send  a photo of your family ____ me.   A. for      B. at      C. to     D. with
【解析2】all kinds of 各种各样的
   【拓展】kind  (1) n 种类 
kind of +adj.有点，有几分，kind of cold 有点冷   a kind of 一种的，某种的   all kinds of  各种各样的
different kinds of 不同种类的     What kind of…?那种 
(2) adj. 友好的  be kind to sb. = be good to sb.=be friendly to sb.  对某人友好
【辨析】kind of 与kinds of:
○1kind of 单独用，表示“有点”，后接形容词或副词： He is kind of thin.”他有点瘦”   I feel kind of hungry.”我有点饿”
 Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly. 王叔叔说得有点快。
○2若kind of前有a, this, that, what等，译为“种，种类” 后加名词。
 That kind of question is difficult to answer. 那类问题难回答。What kind of sport do you like best? 你最喜欢何种运动？
(     ) ①This kind of skirt looks ___ and sells _____.
A. nice ; well   B. nice; good   C. well; well  D. good ;nice
(     ) ②—What ____ animals do you like?    — Monkeys. I think they’re _____ clever.
      A. kind of; kind of   B . a kind of ;a kind of   C. kind of; a kind  D. a kind of ; kind of
(    )③ — It’s going to rain. Let me fetch an umbrella for you.  — Thank you ! You are so ____.
     A. lucky       B. kind      C. relaxed     D. Interesting
【2013浙江台州】17. —I want to see the movie Iron Man 3 (《钢铁3》). Do you know the ______ of the ticket?
            —Yes. Five dollars.
          A. number   B. price   C. kind   D. name
35..Kids should have time to relax and think for themselves, too. 孩子们也应该有时间放松和独立思考。
【解析】have time to do sth 有时间做某事 
36. And they are always comparing them with other children.她们总是把自己的孩子和其他的孩子作比较。
【解析】compare A with B 将A和B 比较
   (1)compare…with…  把……与…..做比较
   (2) compare…to… 把…..比做……
(  ) ①. People often compare a teacher        a candle.
       A. to      B.  into      C.  as       D. with               
(  ) ②. It’s necessary          English         Chinese in English study.
  A. compare ; to      B. to compare ; with         C. comparing ; to       D. to compare; into 
【2011四川广元】— Why are most children under too much pressure ?
       — Because their parents always compare them ___ others.
      A. With     B. by      C. to  
37. Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a child’s development.医生说太多的压力不利于孩子们的发展。
【解析1】be good for 对......有好处
【拓展】good ( better ; best) adj. 好的 → goodness n 好处；善行 ；美德
  be good for 对….有益处（反） be bad for对…有害处
be good at +n/doing=do well in +n/doing 擅长于做某事
be good to sb. =be kind to =be friendly to sb.对某人友好
【记】The boy is good ______me .He is good _____English , and he tells me oral practice is good ______improve spoken English.
38.Dr. Alice Green says all these activities can cause  a lot of stress for children.
    爱丽丝. 格林医生说所有的这些活动可能给孩子们带来很多压力。
【解析】 cause  v. 造成，使发生
(1) cause sb. to do sth 使某人做某事    (2) cause sb. for sb. 给某人添麻烦
(     ) ①S