M3U2Reading.pptx

God be with ye!What does this phrase mean?God be with ye!God bwye!Goodbye!English and its historyReadingFirst Reading 1)What is the article about?2)What are the three kinds of English discussed in the article?3)Is English still changing?And how?English and its history.Old EnglishMiddle EnglishModern EnglishYes.古英语（公元古英语（公元449-1150449-1150年间的英语）年间的英语）中古英语（中古英语（1150-15001150-1500年间的英语）年间的英语）近代英语（近代英语（1500-1500-至今的英语）至今的英语）It is still changing in many ways,such as in vocabulary and pronunciation1.1.OldEnglishconsistedofanAnglo-SaxonbaseOldEnglishconsistedofanAnglo-SaxonbasepluswordsfromthelanguagesofFrenchandpluswordsfromthelanguagesofFrenchandNorway.Norway.2.2.In1066,theNormanstookcontroloftheIn1066,theNormanstookcontrolofthecountryandEnglishwasreplacedwithFrench.countryandEnglishwasreplacedwithFrench.3.3.ThewordsformostanimalscomefromoldThewordsformostanimalscomefromoldEnglishjustbecausetheanimalswereraisedandEnglishjustbecausetheanimalswereraisedandcookedbyEnglishservants.cookedbyEnglishservants.4.Englishwasusedforallofficialoccasionsafter4.EnglishwasusedforallofficialoccasionsaftertheNormanConquest.theNormanConquest.5.Peoplefromdifferentplacessometimes5.PeoplefromdifferentplacessometimesmisunderstandeachotherthoughtheybothspeakmisunderstandeachotherthoughtheybothspeakEnglish.English.True or false:TFFDenmarDenmark kwasntwasntFTHenryHenrybecamethekingofbecamethekingofEngland.England.Please go through the Reading strategy and tell me how to read a history article.1.Notice the _and_2.Make a time chart,listing relevant information such as times,places and events,etc.Reading a history articledatesyearsTimeTimeEventsEventsBefore the middle of the 5th centuryAfter the middle of the 5th centuryAt the end of the _ centuryBy the _centuryPeopleinBritainallspokePeopleinBritainallspokealanguagecalled_alanguagecalled_.OldEnglishwastheofficialOldEnglishwastheofficiallanguageofEngland.languageofEngland.The_invaded.The_invaded.Anglo-Saxon+their languages=_.=_.Germanictribesinvaded.Germanictribesinvaded.Celtic+their languages=_=_CelticAnglo-Saxon9thVikingsOld English 10thOld EnglishOld English450AD.CelticCeltickelti 450 AD.Germanic tribes occupiedtheirlanguagestheirlanguagesAnglo-Saxon800 AD.Viking vaiki moved toDanish,NorseDanish,NorseEarly settlersOld EnglishTimeTimeEventsEvents In 1066By the latter half of the 14th century _During the Renaissance in the 16th centuryHenry became King ofEngland and used Englishfor all official events._ began.The Normans conquered.high class-_-English_was used by all classes in England.French common people EnglishIn 1399Modern English Middle and Modern English1100AD.Middle English1100AD.Middle English 1500AD.1500AD.In 1066 Normans conquered England Not replace _ had an effect on the English _Common people EnglishThe latter half of 14th century _ was used by all classesIn _ Henry IV became the King of England He used English for all official events.FrenchHigh class FrenchEnglish1399 Modern EnglishRenaissance rensns;rness in the 16th centuryVocabulary&pronunciation changed Latin&GreekwordsincludedLatin&GreekwordsincludedEnglish changes all the timeRead the whole passage again and answer the following questions.1.Where did the Angles,the Saxons and the Jutes come from?2.Why can similar pairs of words be found in the English language?The European mainland.Because each word or phrase came from a different language.Careful-reading:3.What was the German plural form replaced by?4.Which King of England used English for all official occasions?5.When did Modern English appear?The French way of making plurals.King Henry IV.The Renaissance rensns;rnessFillintheblankswiththefollowingwordsFillintheblankswiththefollowingwordsFillintheblankswiththefollowingwordsFillintheblankswiththefollowingwordsanddates.anddates.anddates.anddates.10thcenturyFrenchEuropean10thcenturyFrenchEuropean10thcenturyFrenchEuropean10thcenturyFrenchEuropean5thcenturyAnglesCeltic10665thcenturyAnglesCeltic10665thcenturyAnglesCeltic10665thcenturyAnglesCeltic10661.Before the middle of the_,people in Britain did not speak English.2.The original language spoken in Britain was_.3.Three groups of people came to Britain from the _ mainland.5th centuryCelticEuropean4.The _,the Saxons and the Jutes spoke languages that made up Anglo-Saxons.5.Normans spoke _.6.The Normans entered England in _.7.By the _,Old English was the official language of England.10th century1066FrenchAnglesWhat are the words for these animals and their meat?pork/baconbeefmuttonox/cowsheeppigUseful expressions1.be made up of(L2)2.consist of(L10)3.name after(L11)4.aside from(L12)5.feel puzzled about(18)6.play a part(L25)7.take control of(L27)8.lead to(L29)1.由由组成组成2.由由组成组成3.以以命名命名4.除了除了还还5.对对感到困惑感到困惑6.起作用，发挥作用起作用，发挥作用7.掌管，控制掌管，控制8.导致导致9.result in(L32-33)10.raise sth./sb.(L36)11.be served to(L38)12.make contribution to(L40)13.instead of(L42)14.the latter(L47)e into use(L48)16.go through(L54)9.导致导致10.饲养饲养sth./养育养育sb.11.被服务于被服务于 12.对对作出贡献作出贡献13.代替，而不是代替，而不是14.后者后者15.开始被使用开始被使用,普遍使用普遍使用16.经历经历Important sentences1.The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain.(L2-3)be made up of consist of由由组成组成 eg.委员会由十二个成员组成。委员会由十二个成员组成。The committee_ twelve members.is made up of=consists of2.That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.(L3-4)这个复合句中含有一个这个复合句中含有一个why引导的引导的_从句从句和和that引导的引导的_。why引导的从句引导的从句翻译成翻译成_.because一般引导原因一般引导原因状语从句，非正式表达中可用状语从句，非正式表达中可用“It/This is because”译文：这就是为什么英语有如此复杂的规则以致让人译文：这就是为什么英语有如此复杂的规则以致让人迷惑的原因。迷惑的原因。That is because English has many words and phrases from different languages,but with similar meanings.(L19-20)表语表语定语从句定语从句是是的原因的原因3.Both the English language and the English people are named after the Angles(L10-11)译文：英语和英国人都是译文：英语和英国人都是以以盎格鲁来盎格鲁来命名命名的。的。4.Aside from place names such as London,very few Celtic words became part of Old English.译文：译文：除了除了一些地名，例如伦敦，只有极少一些地名，例如伦敦，只有极少的凯尔特单词成为古英语的一部分。的凯尔特单词成为古英语的一部分。5.When we speak English today,we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use.(L18-19)puzzle v.使使迷惑迷惑 eg.令我不解的是，他为什么悄悄的离开了这座城市。令我不解的是，他为什么悄悄的离开了这座城市。_ is why he left this city without telling anyone.n.不解之谜，疑问；谜，智力游戏不解之谜，疑问；谜，智力游戏 puzzled adj.（人）感到困惑的（人）感到困惑的 puzzling adj.(事事)令人困惑的令人困惑的 puzzlement n.迷惑，困惑迷惑，困惑 他迷惑地看着杰克。他迷惑地看着杰克。He looked at Jack_.What puzzles mein puzzlement6.The most important contribution was from the Normans,a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066.(L26-27)该句中该句中a French-speaking people是是the Normans的的_,who 引导的是引导的是_,先行词是先行词是_.译文：最重要的贡献是来自于诺曼底人译文：最重要的贡献是来自于诺曼底人,他们是他们是一支说法语的民族，在一支说法语的民族，在1066年年打败打败了英国，并了英国，并且且控制控制了这个国家。了这个国家。同位语同位语定语从句定语从句a French-speaking people 7.However,the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons victory about 600 years earlier,which led to Old English replacing Celtic.(L28-30)which 引导的是引导的是_,先行词是先行词是_.译文译文：然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响并不及大约：然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响并不及大约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响，那场胜利响，那场胜利导致导致了古英语了古英语代替代替了凯尔特语。了凯尔特语。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句victory8.Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England,French did not replace English as the first language.(L30-31)本句是主从复合句，本句是主从复合句，even though的意思是的意思是_,引导引导_从句，该句中还包从句，该句中还包含了一个含了一个_,即即_,修修饰饰_.译文：译文：尽管诺曼人在统治英格兰的整整尽管诺曼人在统治英格兰的整整250年年间一直讲法语，但是法语并没有取代英语成为间一直讲法语，但是法语并没有取代英语成为第一语言。第一语言。they ruled England让步状语让步状语定语从句定语从句尽管，虽然尽管，虽然the entire 250 years 9.On the other hand,the English language did borrow many words from French.(L31-32)on the one hand,on the other hand,一方面，一方面，另一方面另一方面 do/does/did+动词原形动词原形 表强调，译为表强调，译为“确实，的确确实，的确”e.g.英国人确实喜欢在饭后吃甜点。英国人确实喜欢在饭后吃甜点。English people _desserts after meal.译文译文：另一方面另一方面，英语，英语确实确实从法语中借了了很多词。从法语中借了了很多词。do like eating10.This resulted in even more words with similar meanings,such as answer(from Old English)and reply(from Old French).(L32-33)result in 导致导致(+结果结果)他的粗心导致了失败。他的粗心导致了失败。His careless_.拓展：拓展：result from由于（由于（+原因）原因）as a result 结果（结果（+结果）结果）as a result of 作为作为的结果，由于（的结果，由于（+原因）原因）天气很糟，结果比赛推迟。天气很糟，结果比赛推迟。The weather was terrible,_ the match was put off.The match was put off _ the terrible weather.=lead to as a result,as a result ofresulted in his failure11.Old French made other contributions to Middle English as well.(L40)make contributions to 对对作出贡献作出贡献 contribute v.是是的原因之一；捐助；增加；的原因之一；捐助；增加；增进增进 contribute to是是的原因之一；向的原因之一；向投稿；捐投稿；捐献；起一份作用献；起一份作用 你的建议大大地促进了我们工作的完成。你的建议大大地促进了我们工作的完成。Your suggestion_ the accomplishment of our work.译文：译文：古法语古法语对对中世纪英语中世纪英语也也有贡献有贡献。has greatly contributed to12.However,by the latter half of the 14th century,English had come into widespread use among all classes in England.(L47-48)译文：然而，到译文：然而，到14世纪世纪后半期后半期，英语已经，英语已经被英格兰的各阶层广泛使用。被英格兰的各阶层广泛使用。13.The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer.(L55-56)本句是本句是主从复合句主从复合句。Whether引导的从句引导的从句作介词作介词of的的_,即即_.此处的此处的whether能被能被if取代吗？取代吗？_ 译文：译文：英语在未来是不是还要英语在未来是不是还要继续变化继续变化这这个问题其实很容易回答。个问题其实很容易回答。e.g 我担心是否伤害了她的感情。我担心是否伤害了她的感情。I worry about _ I hurt her feelings.这件事要看他是否有准备。这件事要看他是否有准备。It _.宾语宾语宾语从句宾语从句不能不能whetherdepends on whether he is ready14.It is certain that this process will continue,and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things.(L56-58)It is certain that是固定句型，其中是固定句型，其中it是是_,that 引导的是引导的是_.译文：译文：这个过程一定会继续，人们也会这个过程一定会继续，人们也会一直发一直发明明新的词汇和方法来表达事物。新的词汇和方法来表达事物。e.g.我们一定会成功的。我们一定会成功的。_we shall succeed.形式主语形式主语主语从句主语从句It is certain that