收藏 分销(赏)

动词的分类用法.doc

上传人:快乐****生活 文档编号:4559944 上传时间:2024-09-29 格式:DOC 页数:23 大小:160.04KB
下载 相关 举报
动词的分类用法.doc_第1页
第1页 / 共23页
动词的分类用法.doc_第2页
第2页 / 共23页
动词的分类用法.doc_第3页
第3页 / 共23页
动词的分类用法.doc_第4页
第4页 / 共23页
动词的分类用法.doc_第5页
第5页 / 共23页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述

1、 动词分类使用方法 一、 动词种类 实义动词 系动词 助动词 情态动词 see, go, hit, jump, fly, run, live, be, become, get, be, have, do, will, can, may, shouldkeep, buy, lend等 look, seem等 shall 等 1、 实义动词(1) 定义实义动词是有实在意义并能独立作谓语动词。 (2) 分类按句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词;按动作状态可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。 (3) 使用方法 a. 及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。如: I like this

2、 book very much. (接宾语) We call the bird Polly.(接宾语+宾补) Please pass me the salt.(接间接宾语+直接宾语) b. 不及物动词不及物动词本身意思完整,不需要接宾语。如: Horses run fast. They work in a factory. 有些不及物动词和其余词搭配组成动词词组能够相当于及物动词使用。 动词+介词+宾语(名词&代词) Look at the blackboard. Listen to me carefully. 动词+副词+宾语(名词)&动词+宾语(代词)+副词 Please turn off

3、 the light. He picked it up and gave it to me. 动词+副词+介词+宾语(名词&代词) Alice gets along well with her classmates. 动词+名词+介词+宾语(名词&代词) Please pay attention to my reading. c. 延续性动词 延续性动词表示动作是可连续,能够喝表示一段时间时间状语连用。如: We have lived in China for many years. 惯用延续性动词有live, stay, study, work, keep, teach等。 d. 非延续性动

4、词 非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作已经发生便立刻结束。如: I have finished my homework. 惯用非延续性动词有buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, go, come, catch等。它们不能与表示一段时间时间状语连用。 He has arrived here.He has been here for five days. The film has begun. The film has been on for ten minutes. 【习题讲解】 1、 He told them on w

5、ith the work. Ato go Bgoing Cgo Dwent 2、 The plane will from Beijing Capital Airport and land in London. A. take up B. take out C. take away D. take off 3、The bus is coming. Be careful when you the bus. A. get on B. get off C. get up D. get to 4、The classroom was so dirty. I decided . A. clean it up

6、 B. to clean it up C. clean up it D. to clean up it 5、Old men here ar e well in the home fro the elderly and they are having a happy life. A. looked after B. looked over C. looked for D. looked down 2、 系动词(1) 定义系动词本身有词义,不过不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起组成系表结构来说明主语特征、性质或状态。(2) 分类系动词依照作用能够分为状态连续系动词,感官系动词,改变系动词等。 (3)

7、使用方法 a. 状态连续系动词 用来表示主语保持状态,有be(am/is/are); keep; stay; remain等。如: He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。 He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持缄默。 b. 感官系动词用来表示主语(往往是某物)使人产生感觉,有look,sound,smell,taste,feel译为“看/听/闻/尝/摸起来”。如: He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells v

8、ery sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 这五个感官系动词除了能做系动词,还能够做实义动词。 如: She smelt the meat. 她闻了闻那块肉。 c. 改变系动词用来表示主语变成什么样,有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,如: run. He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 这些改变系动词在表示改变时候,在“改变”含以上往往有所区分: go和come 是一对相反词。go+adj.表示令人不快事情,而come+ad

9、j.表示好事情。go与come 前面主语通常是物。如: In hot weather,meat goes bad. Things will come right in the end. He went mad. Hearing this, she went red. run 后面接 short,dry, low, deep 等词,主语多为能流动,能消耗掉东西。grow 与run相对,接表示人或物特征静态形容词,也接表示天气形容词,侧重于“逐步变成”。如:Their money was running short. Still waters run deep. The girl grew thi

10、nner and thinner. Soon the sky grew light. turn多接表示颜色形容词,也接表示天气形容词,它侧重变得与以前完全不一样。如: The man turned blue with fear. The weather suddenly turned much colder. fall接asleep, silent等静态形容词和表示疾病形容词,但不能接形容词比较级。如: She fell ill froom cold. get+adj.是口语,用得广泛,get能代替become, become 较正式,get与become前面主语既能够是人又能够是物。如: H

11、e became(got) angry. His coat has become(got) badly torn. 另外,get较多地与形容词比较级连用。如:The days are getting longer and longer. 【习题讲解】 1. In late autumn leaves brown. A. get B. turn C. stand D. come 2. Little Jims speech sounds . A. friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely 3. In spring, all the flower

12、s in the gard sweet.en A. become B. taste C. smell D. sound 4. His girlfri end a singer. A. has turned B. grew C. has become D. turned 5. The poor bo y blind at the age of three. A. turned B. went C. became D. looked 3、 助动词(1) 定义助动词本身没有意义或者意义不完整,不能单独作谓语。它必须和其余动词连用,帮助其余动词组成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。 (2) 分类 英语中助

13、动词有:助动词be (am/is/are); 助动词have (has/had);助动词do (does/did); 助动词will(would) & shall(should)。 (3) 使用方法 a. 助动词be使用方法 be +现在分词,组成进行时态,如: They are having a meeting.他们正在开会。 English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越主要。 be + 过去分词,组成被动语态,如: The window was broken by Tom. 窗户是汤姆打坏。 English is taught t

14、hroughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。 be + 动词不定式, 表示最近、未来计划或安排,如: He is to go to New York next week. 他下周要去纽约。 这种使用方法也能够说成是一个未来时态表示法。 b. 助动词have使用方法 have +过去分词,组成完成时态,如: He has left for London.他已去了伦敦。 By the end of last month,they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止,他们已经完成工作二分之一。 have + been +现在分词,组成完成进行

15、时,如: I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。 have+been +过去分词,组成完成式被动语态,如: English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。 c. 助动词do 使用方法 组成通常疑问句,如: Do you want to pass the CET?你想经过大学英语测试吗? Did you study German?你们学过德语吗? do + not 组成否定句,如: I do not want to be criticized.我

16、不想挨批评。 He doesnt like to study.他不想学习。 In the past,many students did not know the importance of English. 过去,好多学生不知道英语主要性。 组成否定祈使句,如: Dont go there.不要去那里。 Dont be so absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。 组成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does. 放在动词原形前,加强该动词语气,如: Do come to my birthday party.一定来参加我生日宴会。 I did go there.我确实去那儿了。 I do

17、 miss you.我确实想你。 用于倒装句,如: Never did I hear of such a thing.我从未听说过这么事情。 Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语主要性。 引导这类倒装句副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等。 用作代动词,用在简答句或反义疑问句中,如: Do you like Beijing?你喜欢北京吗? Yes,I do. 是,喜欢。(do用作代动词,代替l

18、ike Beijing.) He knows how to drive a car,doesnt he? 他知道怎样开车,对吧? d. 助动词will/shall使用方法 shall和will作为助动词能够与动词原形一起组成通常未来时,如: I shall study harder at English.我将愈加努力地学习英语。 He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。 在过去语法中,语法学家说 shall用于第一人称,will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在,尤其是在口语中,will惯用于第一人称,但 shall只用于第一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就失去助动词意义,已变为情

19、态动词,试比较: He shall come.他必须来。(shall有命令意味。) He will come.他要来。(will只与动词原形组成通常未来时。) should无词义,只是shall过去形式,与动词原形组成过去未来时,只用于第一人称,如:I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么。 would 也无词义,是will过去形式,与动词原形组成过去未来时,用于第二、第三人称,比如: He said he would come.他说他要来。 【习题讲解】 1. If it i

20、s fine tomorrow, we _ a football match. A. have B. will have C. has D. shall has 2. When he was at school, he _ early and take a walk before breakfast. A. will rise B. shall rise C. should rise D. would rise 3. In the past 30 years China _ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist con

21、struction. A. has made B. have made C. had made D. having made 4. I _ go to bed until I _ finished my work. A. dont/had B. didnt/have C. didnt/had D. dont/have 5._ you think he _ back by dinner time? A. Do/have come B. Did/will have come C. Does/will come D. Do/will have come 4、 情态动词(1) 定义 情态动词表示说话人

22、对某一动作或状态态度。有一定词义但不能单独作谓语,要与主要动词原形(或称不带to不定式)一起组成谓语(除ought to作固定词组对待)。不受主语人称和数改变影响。 (2) 分类 按词性来分类可分为以下几个: 只作情态动词:can(could); must; may(might) 既作情态动词又作实义动词:need 既作情态动词又作助动词:will(would); shall(should) 具备情态动词一些特征:have to; ought to (3) 使用方法 a. can (could)使用方法 表示能力,译为“能、会”could是 can过去式,能够表示过去能力。 Two eyes

23、can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。 I could swim when I was seven years old. 表示客观可能。 He cant (couldnt) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够钱买新车。 表示请求或允许,多用于口语中,意思为“能够”,相当于may。如: Can I have a look at your new pen? 我能够看一看你新钢笔吗? Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗? 表惊异、怀疑、猜测。主要用于否定句、疑问句中。 Where c

24、an (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢? He cant (couldnt) be over sixty. 他不可能超出六十岁。 以can/could开头通常疑问句,其必定和否定回答分别用can/could; cant/couldnt b. may (might)使用方法 表示请求,许可,译为“能够”用于主语是第一人称通常疑问句。 might能够指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉。如: You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。 He told me that I might smoke in the room

25、. 他告诉我能够在房间里抽烟。 May I go now?Yes, please. No, you mustnt .我现在能够走了吗?是,请吧./不,不能够。 在回答以may 引发问句时,多防止用这个词,而用其它方式。必定回答用Yes, please. / Certainly./ Please dont ./ Youd better not. 否定回答用 No, you mustnt. 表示推测,译为“可能,可能”,用在必定句中。might比may 在于其上更不确定一些。 He may be at home. 他可能在家。 They might be having a meeting, but

26、 Im not sure. 他们有可能在开会,不过我无须定。 表示祝福。如:May you success! 祝你成功! c. must使用方法 表示义务。意为“必须,应该”(主观意志)。 We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。 表示推测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于必定句。 He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他脸色苍白。 Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链,一定很有钱。 否定

27、句中,mustnt表示禁止,译为“不允许”,以must开头疑问句,必定回答用must,否定回答用neednt,表示“不需要,无须”。如: Must I finish the homework today? Yes, you must./ No, you neednt. d. need使用方法 need+ do时,为情态动词,译为“需要”,用need提问时,必定回答用must,否定回答用neednt。如:You neednt come to school so early.你无须这么早来学校。 need+ to do时,其为实义动词,用助动词(do/does)帮忙提问或否定,如: I need

28、to have a rest.我需要休息一下。I dont need to go there. need+doing时,表示被动意义。如:This old house need repairing.这幢老房子需要修葺。 The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。 e. shall(should),will(would)使用方法 shall用于第一人称表示咨询意见、问询。如: Shall I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗? What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么? shall用

29、于第二、第三人称表示说话人意愿,有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思。如: You shall do as I say. 按我说做。(命令) You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天能够得到我回复。(允诺) He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔,我告诉你。(警告) Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。(决心) should惯用来表示义务,责任,译为“应该”。如: We should abbey t

30、raffic laws.我们应该还恪守交通规则。 You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 You shouldnt waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。 should表示推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估量”等。如: They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应该已经到家了。 will表示意愿,用于各种人称陈说句。如: I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。 That mother will do anything for her son. will表示请求,

31、用于疑问句。如: Will you close the window? Its a bit cold.请你把窗户关上好吗?有点冷。 Wont you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗? will表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,如: Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。 The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 那男孩经常坐在那里好几个钟点,看着车辆行人经过。 would 表示过去意愿,如: I said I would do anyth

32、ing for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 would 表委婉地提出请求、提议或看法。 Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗? Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗? They wouldnt have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。 would 表过去重复发生动作或过去一个倾向。 Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每碰到麻烦都会向她求援。他告诉我盒子打

33、不开了。 f. ought to使用方法 表义务,意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做),口气比should稍重。 You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲,应该管他。 You oughtnt to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。 表推测,暗含很大可能,语气较弱。 Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他电话号码。 Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞,明天应

34、该是个好天。 g. used to使用方法表示过去习惯动作或状态,现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。 He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下,现在住在城里。 There used to be a building at the street corner. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房。 I usednt (did usne) tto smoke. 我过去不抽烟。 Used you (Did you us to go to school on foot? e)你过去常步行去学校吗? h.

35、 had better使用方法 had better后接动词原形表示“最好做某事”,否定形式是had better not do sth.“最好不要做某事”如: Youd better stay at home. Youd better not go there. 几组相近情态动词辨析 1. can 和be able to can 和be able to表示能力时候使用方法相同。不过,情态动词can只有两种时态形式,现在式can和过去式could,而be able to有多个时态形式。 Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it

36、since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。 We will be able to come back next week. 我们下周能回来。 2. must和 have to must和have to意思都是“必须”,常能够交换使用。must表示主观意志,而have to表示因为客观原因不得不做某事。must没有些人称和数改变,have to有些人称和数改变。如: We must work hard at school. That poor girl has to go to hospital. 3. maybe 和 may be may 为情态动词,后加动词原形 be

37、,用在句中,二者组成完整谓语形式,与主语形成系表结构,意为“可能是、可能是”。 如: I cant find my watch. It may be in your pocket. 我找不到我手表了,它可能在你口袋里。 He may be a soldier. 他可能是军人。 maybe 是副词,意思是“可能、可能”,在句中作状语,相当于perhaps,常位于句首。如: Maybe shell come this afternoon. 她可能今天下午来。 Maybe you put the letter in your pockets. 大约你把信放在衣袋里了。 另外,maybe 和may b

38、e可相互转换。如: He may be in the office. = Maybe he is in the office. 他或许在办公室。 You may be right. = Maybe you are right. 你或许是正确。 【习题讲解】 1. There _ some flowers in the garden. A. were used to beB. used to be C. uses to be D. used to be having 2. _ I take it out?Im sorry, you _. A. Could .couldnt B. Might.mi

39、ght not C. Could.D. May.cant.c n 3. All the lights are on, Smiths _ up. A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get 4. _she ride when she was three years old? A. Can B. Could C. Need D. May 5. Must I finish the work before five ocl No, you_. ck? A. neednt B. mustnt C. have to 二、 动词基本形式

40、英语中动词有五种基本形式:动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、现在分词和过去分词。 1、 五种形式改变规则 形式 组成 例词 动词原形 动词通常形式 be, have, do, learn 第三人称单数形式 在动词原形后加-s run-runs; like-likes 以o, x, s, sh, ch结尾动词,在词尾加-es go-goes; pass-passes; wash-washes; teach-teaches 以辅音字母加y结尾动词,将y变i再加-es study-studies; try-tries 现在分词 在动词原形后加-ing read-reading 以不发音字母e结尾动词,

41、去掉e再加-ing live-living; write-writing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词,双写该字母再加-ing sit-sitting; begin-beginning 少数几个以ie结尾动词,要变ie 为y再加ing -die-dying; tie-tying; lie-lying 过去式与过去分词 (规则改变) 在动词原形后加-ed work-worked 以辅音字母加y结尾动词,把y变i再加-ed carry-carried; study-studied 以e结尾动词直接加-d live-lived 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词,双写该辅音字母

42、再加-ed stop-stopped; plan-planned 2、 过去式与过去分词不规则改变 (1) 巧记ABB 型不规则动词(代表动词原形,BB 代表过去式和过去分词) 原型特征 过去式 过去分词 例词 -eep -ept -ept keep, sweep, sleep ell -old old -sell, tell -end ent -ent lend, spend, send -ay aid -aid say, pay -n -nt -nt burn, learn, mean (2) 巧记ABC 型不规则动词(A 代表动词原形,B 代表动词过去式,C 代表动词过去分词) 原型特征

43、 过去式 过去分词 例词 -eak -oke -oken break, speak -eal -ole -olen steal -ear -ore -orn wear, bear, tear -ow -ew -own grow, blow, know, throw -i- -a- -u- sink, swim, drink, ring, sing, begin -i- -o- -n drive, rise (3) 巧记AAA 型不规则动词(代表动词原形,过去式和过去分词) 这类动词归纳:hit, hurt, let, spit(吐痰), rid(去掉), cost, read, put, cut 【习题讲解】 1. go 单数第三人称() _ 2. carry 单数第三人称()_ 3. take 单数第三人称() _ 4. have 单数第三人称() _ 5. give 现在分词() _ 6. get 现在分词() _ 7. lie 现在分词() _ 8. say 现在分词() _ 9. buy 过去分词() _ 10. show 过去分词() _ 11

展开阅读全文
相似文档                                   自信AI助手自信AI助手
猜你喜欢                                   自信AI导航自信AI导航
搜索标签

当前位置:首页 > 教育专区 > 其他

移动网页_全站_页脚广告1

关于我们      便捷服务       自信AI       AI导航        获赠5币

©2010-2024 宁波自信网络信息技术有限公司  版权所有

客服电话:4008-655-100  投诉/维权电话:4009-655-100

gongan.png浙公网安备33021202000488号   

icp.png浙ICP备2021020529号-1  |  浙B2-20240490  

关注我们 :gzh.png    weibo.png    LOFTER.png 

客服