系动词分类用法.doc

(完整word版)系动词分类用法初中系动词总复习定义系动词亦称连系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语）（形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：He feels ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（feel是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。） 分类1）状态系动词用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（表示主语的身份性质）He is ill. 他病了。（表示主语的状态）2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。3）表像系动词用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。5）变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实，变成之意，例如：The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果） 注意事项系动词本身有一定的词义，不能单独作谓语，后面必须与表语连用。复习系动词时，必须注意以下几个问题： 1. be是最重要的系动词，主语不同，be的形式也不同，且有时态的变化。通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等，后面接形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing、过去分词及表语从句作表语。特别要注意“由be+过去分词”所构成的系表结构与“由be+过去分词”所构成的被动语态的区别。前者侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态，通常没有由by引导的介词短语。如：The door was closed. 后者侧重于强调主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者，表示动作；句中可以用由by引导的介词短语。如：The door was closed by me.还要注意“由be+ V-ing所构成的系表结构与“由be+ V-ing”所构成的进行时态的区别。前者侧重于说明主语具有的特征或存在的状态，也可说明主语是什么。如：My job is teaching English.后者侧重于强调主语正在做某事。如：Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now.2. 要注意由行为动词转化成的系动词。表示人体感官的系动词有sound，taste，look，feel，smell等，后面接形容词；表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态的系动词有become，get，go，turn，run，grow，come，fall，prove等，后面接形容词、名词或 to be+形容词，become后面接单数名词时，名词前要用不定冠词，turn后面接单数名词时，名词前不用不定冠词；表示主语继续或保持某种身份、特征或状态的系动词有continue，keep，remain，stay，stand lie，rest，stay等，后面接表示状态的形容词；表示判断的系动词有seem和appear，后面接形容词、to be+名词或形容词、that-clause、不定式等。3. 要注意系动词的固定搭配。常见的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。4.要特别注意某些动词既可以做系动词，又可以做实意动词的用法。系动词部分主要注意：其后要求接形容词，而不是副词做表语。遇到这种情况，只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者，然后再对后面的词性和词义做出正确判断和选择。以taste一词为例：The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite unique.（这种新研制的软饮料尝起来挺独特的。注意：在这句话里，taste做系动词，不能使用进行时，后面接形容词。）The chef is tasting the fish carefully.（厨师长正在品尝这道鱼。注意：在这句话中，taste做实意动词，可以使用进行时，并且后面接副词做状语。） 专项训练1. What is Mr Wang like?_.A. He is a teacher B. He is old and kindC. He looks like a balloonD. He likes English2. What Mr White said sounds_.A. friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely3. The poor boy _ blind at the age of three.A. turned B. goes C. became D. went4. When he was a child he_ .A. grew patience B. was alive C. ran wild D. came true5. His voice_ as if he has a cold.A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. seems 6. This shirt_ as if it is made of cotton.A. is B. looks C. feels D. seems7. He looks _ he hadnt had a good meal for a monthA. that B. as if C. when D. so far8. It _that he was late for the train.A. looks B. turns C. gets D. seems9. These apples taste_.A. to he good B. to be well C. well D. good 10. Do you like the shirt?Yes, it _ very soft.A. feels B. felt C. is feeling D. is felt11. The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he_ asleepA. kept B. got C. fell D. fall12. When I went home yesterday, it was _ dark.A. going B. getting C. running D. coming13. Their plan _ to be a perfect one.A. proved B. was proved C. is proving D. proving 14. The flowers in the garden _ sweet.A. sound B. taste C. become D. smell 15. She_ like her mother in character.A. looks B. seems C. is D. feels 16. It_ another fine day tomorrow.A. seems B. promises C. appears D. looks 17. He _ much younger than he really is.A. appears B. grows C. becomes D. turns 18. You_ very pale. Do you feel sick?A. looked B. are looking C. looking D. are looked19. His wish to become a driver has _true.A. turned B. realized C. come D. grown20. Her father _a writer.A. turned B. grew C. has turned D. has become怎样区分半连系动词连系动词多有自己的意思，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语（名词、形容词，或与之相当的词类、短语、从句）一起构成合成谓语。最常用的连系动词为be（是）动词，即完全连系动词，另外还有look，turn，feel，get，become，sound，smell，stand，go，remain等半连系动词。无论是完全连系动词还是半连系动词、后面都有表语。由于半连系动词是由实意动词变来的，那如何分辨该动词为实意动词还是半连系动词呢？这对初学英语的中学生来说会感到有点困难，我在教学中尝试用比较法和替换法，使学生较能接受。1比较法比较下列各组句子(1) A Please look at the blackboard请看黑板。B He looked a perfect fool他看上去是个十足的傻瓜。(2) ATurn to Page 16翻到 16页。BHe turned traitor to his country他背叛了祖国。AHe felt it his duty to help others他认为帮助别人是自己的责任。BI felt very hungry after a long walk走了一段长路，我感到很饿。A.Get me some ink给我一些墨水。BOur motherland is getting stronger and stronger我们国家变得越来越强大了。ASuch words do not become a scholar那样的话不像出自学者之口。BSome of the land became covered with water一些田地覆盖着水。AThis black key on the piano wont sound这钢琴上的黑键按下去不响。B The story sounds interesting这故事听起来很有趣。A.I am sure I smell gas我肯定闻到了煤气味。BTheflowers smell sweet花朵散发芳香。AHe was too weak to stand他太虚弱，不能站立。BHolding the note in his hand，he stood there dumbfounded他拿着钞票，站在那里，目瞪口呆。AHe goes to school early every morning.他每天早上很早上学。B They went mad他们发狂了。A I remained 3 weeks in Paris我在巴黎逗留了三周。BHe never remained satisfied with his success他从不满足于自己的成绩。2替换法分析以上10组句子我们不难看出B组动词均为连系动词，因为如果我们把动词 be（是）的适当形式替代斜体动词，句子能够成立，后面的成分即是表语。（1）He was a perfect fool（2）He was a traitor to his country.（3）I was very hungry after a long walk（4）Our motherland is stronger and stronger（5）Some of the land was covered with water（6）The story is interesting（7）The flowers are sweet（8）Holding the note in his hand，he was there dumbfounded（9）They were mad（10）He was never satisfied with his success反之，如果把 be（是）动词的适当形式替代 A组动词，句子则不能成立，无法解释，A组动词均不为连系动词：*（l）Please be at the blackboard*（2）Be to Pagel6*（3）He was if his duty to help others*（4）Be me some ink*（5）Such words are not a scholar*（6）The black key on the piano wont be*（7）I am sure I am gas*（8）He was too weak to be*（9）He is to school early every morning*（10）I was 3 weeks in Paris另外半连系动词是由实意动词变来的。所以把含有半连系动词的句子改为疑问句时，一定要用助动词。例如：1 Do they look tired？2Has she got ready？3Did it become much more expensive to travel abroad？不论完全连系动词或半连系动词，它们都有时态的变化，但有些半连系动词从形式上看像是现在进行时，实际上并不表示动作正在进行。而是表示“渐渐”的意思或表示一种感情色彩。（1）Its getting warmer and warmer天渐渐暖和起来了。（2）Are you feeling better now？你现在好点了吗？因为半连系动词本属于不及物动词，所以没有被动语态。如不能说：* Good medicine is tasted bitter to the mouth应说： Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth良药苦口。半连系动词的教学还是个较困难的问题，但在初学阶段用先比较，再替换的方法，还是能使学生掌握哪些实意动词可充当半连系动词，收到事半功倍的效果。