高一英语知识点总结Unit21-22(附练习).pdf

英语网英语网 1/24高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit21-22重点句型1.It has been a long day.I cant keep my eyes open.2.We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by watching his or her body language.3.In many countries,shaking ones head means no and nodding means yes.4.A way of raying I am hungry is patting the stomach before a meal.5.Unlike traditional amusement parks,theme parks often want to teach visitors something.6.What they all have in common is that they combine fun with the opportunity to learn,something.7.Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.8.New theme parks are being built all over the world.重点词汇1.unfair adj.不公正的，不公平的2.customer n.顾客；主顾3.avoid vt.避免；消除4.incredible adj.难以置信的5.manage vt./vi.做成(某事)；管理；经营6.fold vt.折叠；合拢；抱住7.crazy adj.疯狂的；狂热的8.firm adj.(指动作)稳定而有力的；牢固的9.handshake n.握手 英语网英语网 2/2410.bend vt./vi.弯曲；专心于；屈服11.gently adv.轻轻地；逐渐地12.occur vi.发生；出现13.focus n.(兴趣活动等的)中心；焦点14.specific adj.具体的；特有的15.amusement n.消遣；娱乐(活动)16.souvenir n.纪念物；纪念品17.attraction n.吸引人的事物；吸引(力)18.collection n.收集；搜集；聚集19.thrill n.兴奋；激动；(使)激动；(使)胆战心惊20.minority n.少数民族；少数21.educate vi./vt.教育；培养；训练22.conservation n.(自然资源的)保护；管理；保存23.divide vt./vi.分；划分；分开；隔开24.section n.部分；区域25.shuttle n.往返汽车；航天飞机26.risk vt.冒的险27.injury n.伤害；受伤处28.helicopter n.直升飞机29.achievement n.成就；功绩30.civilization n.文明；歼化31.prevent vt./vi.防止；妨碍 英语网英语网 3/2432.twist n.扭曲；盘旋 vi.扭弯；缠绕33.imagination n.想像(力)；空想；想像的事物34.designer n.设计家；制图师35.darkness n.黑暗；漆黑短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词 5 分，80 分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?1.ahead _(在空间或时间上比某人、某物)更前；更早2.give/lend sb a _ 给某人帮助3.get _ 通过；渡过；到达4.tear _ 弄倒某物；拆除某物5.hold _ 举起；拿起；举出6._ a face(对某人)做鬼脸；扮怪相7._ order 按顺序；整齐8.cut _ 切掉，切断；壅然中止9.free-fall _ 自由落体车乘10._ eye contact 避免目光接触11._ to 至于；就来看12.feel _ 情绪低落；感到低沉bine._.把与结合起来14.large _ of 大量收集的15._ ones way 一路尖叫 英语网英语网 4/2416.a _ park 主题公园17.go _ rides 乘车兜风18.base._ 以为基础19._ a cable car 乘缆车2O.have _ 消遣；玩得高兴重点短语1.give sb.a hand 给某人帮助2.ahead of(在空间或时间上比某人、某物)更前；更早3.get through 通过；度过；到达；完成4.tear down 弄倒某物；拆除某物5.hold up 举起；拿起；举出6.at the North Polo 在北极7in order 按顺序；整齐8cut off 切掉；切断；突然中止9.eye contact 眼神接触10.as to 关于；就而言11.hold up ones head 昂起头bine.with.把与相结合13.from culture to culture 从一种文化到另一种文化14.feel down 情绪低落municate with 与交流16.have fun 玩耍，消遣 英语网英语网 5/2417.a variety of 一系列的18.in space 在太空19.on the ocean floor 在大洋底20.learn about 了解交际用语1.Shall I help you with that?2.Would you like some help?3.Could you give me a hand with this?4.Is there anything else I can do for you?5.Could you help me with my English?6.No,thank you.Thanks for all your help.7.No,thanks.I can manage it mymlf.8.Thats very nice of you.9.Excuse me,can you tell me where the roller coaster is?10.Go straight down this road,and then turn left.Go over the bridge.11.Excuse me.Am I going in the right direction?12.Its in that direction.【单词聚焦】【考点 1】ahead 的用法 搭配：ahead of 在前头；早于；超过，优于 ahead of time/schedule 提前 英语网英语网 6/24 get ahead(of.)胜过，超过 Go ahead!前进，有进展，请便 look ahead(喻)为未来着想或打算，未雨绸缪 push ahead 向前进。推进【考例 1】2004 天津 The other girls rushed _ me.I felt ashamed as I fell farther and farther behind.A.from behind B.ahead ofC.next to D.close to考查目标本题考查 ahead 及其构成短语的用法和词义。答案与解析B ahead of 表示“在前面”、“超过”可以表示时间、地点，也可以表示一些抽象意义。9.amusement u n.娱乐，消遣，兴趣；C n.快乐的事；娱乐(品)The little girl looked at me in amusement.小女孩饶有趣味地看着我。To our great amusement,the teacher sang a funny song in class.老师在课堂上唱了一首滑稽的歌，令我们非常愉快。There were lots 0f amusements at the fair.在展览会上有许多有趣的东西。拓展amusement 的动词 amuse，是及物动词，意为“使快乐，逗笑；给提供娱乐”。其用法如下：(1)amuse sb./oneself(with.)Her stow amused the children greatly.她的故事逗得那些小孩十分开心。(2)be amused at/by/with 以为乐The audience was amused bv the malcicians tricks.观众被魔术师的戏法逗乐了。(3)be amused to do sth.做取乐I was very much amused to see the seal perform its tricks.我被海豹的特技表演逗乐了。英语网英语网 7/24【链接】表示情感的动词的用法大致相同。be surprised at.因而吃惊be surprised to do sth.吃惊地干be excited at.因而兴奋be excited to do sth.兴奋地干be disappointed at.因而失望be disappointed to do sth.失望地干be pleased at.因而高兴be pleased to do sth.高兴地干be delighted at.因而高兴be delighted to do sth.高兴地干10.attract vt.(1)(以魅力等)吸引(人)，引诱；引起(注意、开心)。构成 attract+n.或 attract+n.+to+n.把(人等)吸引到。The concert attracted a great number of people.那场音乐会吸引了许多人。(2)(物理的性质)吸引住，构成：attract+n.。Magnets attract iron.磁石吸引铁。attraction n.魅力，吸引人之物；吸引(力)attractive adj.有魅力的，吸引人的，引人注目的3.contact(1)U 接触，触碰The Lomb explodes on contact.那颗炸弹一触碰就会爆炸。英语网英语网 8/24(2)U(与人的)接触，交往，关系；联络，联系(多和 with 连用)Have you been in contact/touch with him recently?你最近与他有来往吗?Ive been trying t0 get in contact/touch with you since yesterday.我从昨天起就一直试着与你联络。make contact with 与联络拓展keep in contact with=keep in touch with 与保持联系come in/into contact with sb.与某人接触碰面lose touch with=lose contact with 与失去联系(be)out of touch=(be)out of contact 失去联系，中断联络【考点 9】detail 的用法 构词：detailed adj.详细的逐条的 搭配：for further details 为了知道详细情况 go/enter into details 详述，逐一细说 in detail 详细地 detail by detail 逐一【考例 9】2005 郑州模拟 In an extraordinary _ exposition Auckland Museum pays honor to this great New Zealander,.A.simple B.largeC.detailed D.great考查目标 本题考查 detail 形容词的用法和意思。答案与解析C detailed 这一过去分词的意思是“详细的”。英语网英语网 9/2412.divide v.(1)分，分割，把分成(若干部分)。常与 into 或 from 连用。The country is divided into 12 provinces.这个国家划分为十二个省。A low wall divides our garden from our neighbours garden.一堵矮墙把我家的花园和邻居的花园隔开来。(2)分配，分发，分享。常与 between，among，with 连用。The prize money will be divided among the three winners.奖金将由三名优胜者均分。(3)除，除以。常与 by，into 连用。15 divided by 3 is 5.十五除以三等于五。13.experience(1)n.经历，感受，体验Child as he is,he has experienced defeat.尽管是个孩子，但他已经经历过失败。Our country has experienced great changes in the last 30 years.过去三十年里，我们国家经历了巨大的变化。(2)U n.经验As a teacher with 5 years experience,she is good at making friends with her students.作为一个有五年教师工作经验的人，她擅长和她的学生交朋友。C n.经历，阅历Ourjourney by camel was quite an experience.骑骆驼旅行真是一种令人难忘的经历。提示 experience 的形容词为 experienced，常可构成短语：be experienced in/at 对有经验He is very experienced in planting trees.他对种树很有经验。拓展 experience.as 感受是，其中 as 后可跟形容词，分词。英语网英语网 10/24The theory is experienced as very advanced.这个理论被认为是很先进的。1.express vt.(以言语、表情)表达；叙述构成express+n.或 express+n.+to sb.(对某人表达)或 expmss+wh-从句。His face expressed his disappointment.他脸上浮现出失望的表情。I cant express(to you)how encouraging your letter was.你的来信多么令人鼓舞，我无法用言语表达。拓展 express adj.明确的；特殊的；快速的It was her express wish that you should have her house after her death.她明确表示她死后会把她的房子留给你。I came here with the express purpose of seeing you.我特来此地看你。an express train 快车【考点 2】manage 的用法 构词：management n.经营，管理，处理，操纵，驾驶，手段 manager n.经理，管理人员，管理器 搭配：manage to do sth 完成；设法办到 manage with 以设法应付 manage without 在没有的情况下应付过去【考例 2】2004 湖北 The 22-year-old student_to stop her by the side of the road in the winter nightand opened the trunk.A.afforded B.wanted 英语网英语网 11/24C.allowed D.managed考查目标 本题考查 manage 的词义和基本用法。答案与解析D manage 后接不定式，表示“努力并且成功地做了某事”。5.mean vt.(1)(言词，事情等)意味着，有的意思构成 mean+n./pron.或 mean+that 或 meandoing sth.或 mean+what.。What does the word mean in this context?在上下文中，这个词是什么意思?The sign means(that)the road is blocked.这个标志表示此路不通。(2)(某人)意欲，意图，打算构成 mean+n.或 mean to do sth.或 mean sb.+to do 或 meau sb.sth.。We sometimes hurt peoples feelings without meaning it.我们有时会在无意中伤害别人的感情。She said I ignored her,but I didnt mean to.她说我忽视了她，但我并没有这个意思。I mean her no harm.=I mean no harm to her.我对她并无恶意。(3)(对某人而言)有的意义构成mean+n.+to sb.。His girlfriend means the world to him.他的女朋友对他来说实在太重要，。Fame doesnt mean much to me.名声对我而言无足轻重。【考点 8】occur 的用法搭配：sth occurs to sb.浮现在某人的脑海中；被某人想到 英语网英语网 12/24 It(never)occurred to sb.that.某人(从未)想到起【考例 8】2005 江苏盐城模拟An eclipse of the sun _ when the moon passes between the earth and the sun.A.happened B.occurredC.appeared D.rose考查目标 本题考查 occur 的词义以及它和一些近义词的区别。答案与解析B occur 可以表示“突然发生”，但不是意外。6.opposite adj.相反的；相对的，对面的；反对的We took seats opposite to the directors.我们坐在董事们的对面。He and I are on opposite sides in this debate.在这个辩论里，他和我站在相对的立场。拓展(1)opposite 不但用作形容词，还用作：n.C 相反的事物，多和 of 连用。Sweet and salty are opposites.甜与咸正好相反。(2)prep.在的对面The post office is opposite the station.邮局在车站的对面。(3)adv.在对面，在相反的位置There is a bar opposite.对面有一家小酒吧。14.risk v.(1)使冒危险，作赌注You are risking your health.你在以你的健康作赌注。(2)冒之险He risked his parents anger by living alone.他冒可能惹他父母生气之险独自生活。英语网英语网 13/24If you put money into the stock market,you will risk losing it.如果你把钱投入股市就要冒风险。【考点 10】risk 的用法 搭配：at risk 在危险中；有危险 at all/any risks 无论冒什么危险；无论如何at the risk of(=at risk to)冒之险；不顾；之风险 at ones own risk(损失、风险等)负责自负；自担风险 run/take risks/a risk 冒险 run/take the risk of doing sth 冒险做某事 risk doing sth 冒的危险 risk ones fortune/health/life 冒着财产健康性命的风险 Its(not)worth the risk(不)值得冒这个险【考例 10】When children start smoking,they dont realize that theyre their health.A.cost B.care C.risk D.keep考查目标 本题主要考查 risk 作动词的用法。答案与解析C risk ones health 意为“拿自己的健康去冒险”。【考点 4】step 的用法搭配：step in 走进；调停，排解，介入，干涉 step this way 请这边走!请跟我来!keep step(with)(与)步调一致 英语网英语网 14/24 in step(with.)齐步；(和)步凋一致 out of step(with.)(和)步调不一致 miss ones step 失足 take steps to do sth 设法；采取措施干某事 mind/watch ones step 小心地行走；谨慎行事 step by step 一步一步地；逐步地；逐渐地【考例 4】NMET 1998Look at them!Theyre all out of _ except my John!Isnt he the best!”A.sight B.order C.mind D.step考查目标 本题考查 step 构成的短语的意思。答案与解析D out of step 的意思是“步法混乱”。这是母亲溺爱儿子指责别人的一句话。【考点 5】tell 的用法搭配：tell sb sth=tell sth to sb 告诉某人 tell sb of/about sth 告诉某人 tell sb to do sth 吩咐某人 tell(of)谈起说过 tell the time(钟)报时 tell.(apart)from.分清，区分 for what I can tell 据我所知 I(can)tell you(=let me tell you)我敢说；确实 I told you so.我早就跟你说过了。(意指我没说错，你偏不听)英语网英语网 15/24 There is no telling.无法知道；难以预料。You can never tell.(=You never can tell.)谁也不知道；谁也没把握。辨析：tell；inform 这组近义词的一般含义是“把某消息或某件事转达给别人”。tell 最通用，最不正式。它的含义是“把某事告诉某人”。它也含有给人“指示”的意思，即“叫某人做某事”。例如：Glancing at her scornfully,he told her that the dresswas sold.他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她说那件衣服被卖了。While we were waiting to land,the airhostess told us to keep calm.当我们等待着陆的时候，一位飞机乘务员叫我们保持镇静。它的含义可以是“讲述某件事”。inform 的含义是“向某人传递信息”。虽然它可以表示把任何别人不知道的事情说出来。以使人知晓，但是这个词特别适用于告知所发生的情况或有关资料。例如：I have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former headmaster,MrReginaldPage,will be retiring next week.我刚接到母校的一封信，通知我说我的老校长雷金纳德佩奇先生将于下星期退休。友情提示：inform 可以用于上级对下级，也可以用于下级对上级的通知。【考例 5】2004 全国卷 Alice returned from themanagers offic,_ me that the boss wanted to see me at onceA.having told B.tellsC.t0 tell D.telling考查目标 本题考查 tell 的词义和语法变化。答案与解析D 这是作为补充说明的现在分词短语用法，tell 在本句的句意是“告诉”。若用 having told 表示的则是“前提”，而不是补充说明。【考点 3】touch 的用法 英语网英语网 16/24 构词：touching adj.动人的，令人同情的，令人感伤的 搭配：get in touch with 和取得联系 keep/stay in touch with 和保持联系，lose touch with 和失去联系，对变得生疏 out of touch with 同失去联系，无的消息【考例 3】2004 重庆 She _ the burned side of her face.A.pointed B.showedC.wiped D.touched考查目标 本题考查 touch 的意思。答案与解析D touch 意思是“触摸”的意思。本句的句意是“她触摸了她滚烫的脸”。2.vary vt.&vi.变化，改变，变更；相异A good driver varies the speed of his car according to the condition of roads.优秀的司机会依照路况变换车子的速度。These sweaters vary in size/color.这些毛衣有各种不同的尺寸颜色。Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.对于这件事，人人意见不一。My doctor said I should vary my diet more.医生说我应该使日常饮食更为多样化。拓展various adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 variety n.多变性，多样性；种种【考点 6】warn 的用法 构词：warning n.警告；预告，通知；借鉴，反面教材，教训搭配：warn sb of/about sth 提醒警告某人有 英语网英语网 17/24 warn sb against sth 提醒警告某人提防 warn sb against doing sth 提醒警告某人不要 warn sb(not)to do sth 提醒警告某人(不要)warn sb that-clause 提醒警告预先通知某人 give sb warning 预先通知某人(特指解雇、辞职、退租等)without warning 突然【考例 6】NMET 1996 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating notC.not to eat D.not eating考查目标 本题考查 warn 的宾语补语形式。答案与解析C warn 是一个常规动词，后面接动词的不定式形式作宾语补语。【考点 7】wish 的用法搭配：wish(sb)to do sth.希望想要(某人)wish that-clause 但愿(从句用 were 型虚拟语气)wish for 希望得到，渴望【考例 7】NME 1991 We _ each other the best of luck in the examination.A.hoped B.wantedC.expected D.wished考查目标 本题考查 wish 的词义以及它和近义词的区别。答案与解析 D wish 可以表示“祝愿”，后接代词(名词)宾语，然后接名词(或形容词)宾语补语。牛刀小试 1 英语网英语网 18/24用所给单词的适当形式填空：(ahead,vary,touch,manage,step,tell,warn,detail,wish,risk)1.Next Ill ask Mr.Green to give some introduction in _.2.The twins look the same,so I cant _ them from each other.3.When I left.Tom and his father _ in.4.I have _ you not to be late many times,but you are this time.5.This box is not heavy;I can _ myself.6.When we saw the film,all of us were _.7.Best _ to all of you,my good friends!8.Anyone travelling without a passport runs the _ of being arrested.9.Few of us knew there was a big bridge 500 meters【短语归类】15.cut off 切断、断绝、割掉Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off because there was no electricity.由于没电，许多城市及乡村的水源被切断了。They killed the bison,cut off the skins and left the bodies behind to rot.他们杀死野牛，剥去皮任其尸体腐烂。相关短语cut down 砍伐，削减，压缩cut out 删掉，戒掉cut short 打断，中断，缩短cut through 穿过We must cut down our expenses.我们必须削减开支。英语网英语网 19/24Youd better cut OUt the unimportant details of the article.你最好删掉文章中那些无关紧要的细节。He cut short his tour abroad and returned home.他缩短了国外行程，回到了国内。In China,the Tropic of Cancer cuts through Guangdong province.在中国，北回归线穿过广东省。【考点 3】含 cut 的短语 cut down 砍倒，减少，降低 cut in 插话，打断 cut up 切碎，挫伤 cut off 切断，断绝，隔绝 cut through 抄近路穿 cut out 割掉，删掉例句 He was asking$400 for the ca,but we cut him down to$350.这辆汽车他要价 400美元，但是我们把价杀到 350 美元。The child kept cutting in while l talked with his father.这个小孩在我与他父亲讲话时，老插话。The trees cuts off our view of the sea.这些树挡住了我们看大海的视线。【考例 3】(2005 湖南)I was just talking to Margarmwhen Jackson _.A.cut inB.cut downC.cut outD.cut up考查目标 此题主要考查 cut 短语的用法。英语网英语网 20/24答案与解析A 根据句意“我正与玛格丽特谈着话，杰克逊突然插嘴(cut in)了。”cut down“砍倒”，cut out“剪下”“cut up“切碎”，均与句意不符。【考点 2】Asking and giving direction 女问路和指路 _,but carl you teIl me how to get to the post office?A.Im sorry B.Do me a favorC.Excuse me D.Pardon答案与解析C 本题考查问路时的功能用语。英语国家的人们常以 Excuse me 开头来问路。所以 C 项符合语境。【归纳】英语中表示问路的用语有：Excuse me.Wheres the washroom?Can you tell me how to get the post office?Excuse me.Which bus goes to the world Park?Exeuse me.Which the way to the Bank of China?Excuse me.Could you tell me the way to the station,please?How ean l get to N0.4 Middle School?Excuse me.Am I going In the right direction?Does this roed lead to.,please?Where can I find.,please?表示指路的用语有：Its in that direction.Go down/up this path/street/road.Its south/north of the.Turn left/right at the first/second crossing/corner.You cant miss it.英语网英语网 21/24 Its over there.Its about 400 meters ftom here.You can take bus No.103.Youd better take a taxi there.Sorry.I dont know.Im a stranger here.牛刀小试 4】1.-Could you tell me the way to the railway station?-Sorry,_ Im never around here,too.A.but B.orC.and D.however2.-No,Im afraid he isnt in.This is his secretary speaking.Can I help you?-_.A.Oh,you willB.Oh,thats a pityC.I should think soD.Well,I look forward to hearing from you3.-I want to go to the library,but Im afraid Im not in the right _.-_.Go ahead.A.way;No B.distance;NoC.direction;Yes D.side;Yes4.-Would you please come to help me with my homework tomorrow?-_.英语网英语网 22/24A.My pleasureB.It dependsC.Youre welcomeD.Im glad to hear that精典题例1.In rome parts of London,missing a bus mearks_ for another hour.(2002 上海春季)A.waiting B.to waitC.wait I).to be waiting【解析】选 A 本题考查动词 mean 的用法。mean to do“打算做某事”，mean doing“意味着，意思是”，本句意为：“在伦敦的某些地区，错过一班车意味着再等一个小时”，故此题应是 mean doing sth结构。2.It shames me to say it,but I told a lie when_ at t