一般现在时和一般过去时的区别.doc

一般现在时和一般过去时的区别

一般现在时和一般过去时

1.满招损,谦受益.Pride hurts, modesty benefits
2.世上唯有贫穷可以不劳而获.Nothing is to be got without pain but poverty.
3.伟业非一日之功/冰冻三尺非一日之寒.Rome was not built in a day.

一般现在时
一、 定义与讲解
一般现在时：表示经常性的事情，经常性的动作或一般性事实。
时间状语：often 经常，usually通常，always 总是，every每个，sometimes 有时，at …在几点钟
只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”，其他用动词的原形。
三单变化：
1.多数在动词后＋s play — plays like — likes
（1）直接在动词词尾加-s.
ask---asks；work---works；get---gets；stay---stays
（2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es.
watch---watches；wish---wishes；fix---fixes； do---does； go---goes； pass---passes
（3）以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es.
try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies
情况
构成方法
读音
例词
一般情况
加 -s
清辅音后读/s/ 浊辅音和元音后读/z/
swim-swims；help-helps；like-likes
以辅音字母+o结尾的词
加 -es
读/z/
goes,does
以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词
加 -es
读/iz/
watches,washes
以辅音字母+y结尾的词
变y 为i再加es
读/z/
study-studies
不规则变化have和be动词
变have 为 has变be为am,is,are

have-has be-am,is,are
2.不规则变化：
be---- is are have----has

二、一般现在时的用法
1、一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语every day, usually, always, often, sometimes, on Sunday等连用。
如：I  ___________ at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学。

2、 一般现在时表示客观存在及普遍真理。
如：Summer______（follow） spring. 春天之后是夏天。
The sun ____(rise) in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
The earth_____ (move)around the sun .
注意：此种用法即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。
如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我在小学就学过地球是围绕太阳转的。

3、 一般现在时表示格言或警句。
如：Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

4、 以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。
如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。

5、在下列情况下表示将来：
1）在状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
如：I will give it to him as soon as I see him. 我一看见他就交给他。
He will come if you invite him. 如果你请他,他会来的。
Suppose he doesn’t agree，what shall we do?假如他不同意，那怎么办?
I shall do as I please. 我高兴怎么做就怎么做。
He will continue the work no matter what happens. 不管发生什么情况他都要继续这项工作。
批注：可结合主将从现进行讲解
2）在the more…the more …(越……越……) 句型中,前者通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，因为前者相当于条件状语从句。
如：The harder you study, the better results you will get. 你学习越努力，成绩就会越好。
3）在make sure (certain), mind, care, matter后的宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
如：Make sure that you are not late again. 注意别再迟到了。
4）表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作，通常有表示将来的时间状语。
如：The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shanghai at l:20. 飞机十一点半起飞，一点二十分抵达上海。
批注：只限于少数动词能这样用，如 begin, start, end, finish, stop, go, come, leave, sail, arrive, return, close, open等。

一般过去时
一、一般过去时的定义
表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内发生的动作或存在的状态，过去时间标志词：
（1）yesterday系列：
yesterday, yesterday morning ,yesterday afternoon ,yesterday evening, the day before yesterday
（2）last系列：
last week, last month, last year, last night
（3）ago系列：
two months ago, three years ago
（4）in系列：
in 1990, in 2012
特殊：just now ,in the past等等。
e.g： I was born in 1990.
When did you go to the park?
I went to the park last week.

二、一般过去时的用法
1. 动词过去式的构成规律
1）．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2）．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
3）．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4）．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied
5） ．不规则动词过去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
过去时练习：写出下列动词的过去式
is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________
play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________
worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________
put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________
加“-ed”后的读音方法
1.ed加在清辅音后面读/t/。
finished /-t/ help /-t/ asked /-t/
2.ed加在浊辅音或元音结尾的，读/d/。
played /-d/ lived /-d/ enjoyed /-d/
3.ed加在/t/或/d/后面，读/id/。
wanted /-tid/ needed /-did/ visited /-tid/
批注：对于不规则动词变化，可以选择孩子会初一或小学已经接触到的不规则动词变化，不要都讲。读音规律，对于掌握好的同学可以拓展。
2. 句式变化

三、一般过去时中应注意的问题
1. 判定是一般过去时后，谓语动词一定要用过去式。
课堂测试
1． I _______（be) at school just now.
2. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
5. He ________ (be) at the camp last week.
批注：根据孩子的实际掌握情况，选择题量。

2. 句式变化中，动词过去时不要忘记还原原形。
课堂练习
1. Su Hai took some photos on Sports day.
否定句________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

一、用所给词的正确形式填空
1. We often___________(play) on the playgound.
2. He _________(get) up at six o’clock.
3. __________you _________(brush) your teeth every morning.
4. What____ (do) he usually _____(do) after school?
5. Danny _______(study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.
6. Mike sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister.
7. At eight at night, she ________(watch) TV with his parents.
8. ________ Mike________(read) English every day?
9. How many lessons ______your classmate____(have) on Monday?
10. What time ____his mother_________(do) the housework?
二、用动词的适当形式填空
1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday.
2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night.
3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day.
4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday.
5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read)
6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)
7. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now.
8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____.
9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.
10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday.
三、 单选
1 Jenny ____ in an office.  Her parents ____in a hospital.
A work; works     B works; work  C  work; are working  D  is working; work
2 One of the boys_____ a black hat.
A have   B there is   C there are  D has
3 We didn't go shopping because  it____ yesterday.
A  don't rain  B didn't rain  C rains  D rained
4 The sun ____in the east and ____in the west.
A rose; set   B rises; sets  C rises, set  D rise; sets
5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.
A like; listen    B likes; listens     C like; are listening    D liking ; listen
6 Jenny____ English last night.
A has study  B studies  C study  D studied
四、填空
1 I can take Li Ming there when he ____   ( come) to visit.
2 _____your sister_____(know)English?
3The pot_____(not look) like yours very much.
4Who____(想要 )to go swimming?
5 ______she __(do) the housework every day?
6 Jenny and Danny usually______(play) games in the afternoon .
7. I _____h___ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
8. ________ she ________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she __didn't_______.
9. What _______ Tom __do______ (do) on Saturday evening?
He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book.
10. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.
11. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.

五、 改错题(20)
　　1.How is Jane yesterday? _____________________[来源:Z+xx+k.Com]
　　2.He go to school by bus last week. ____________________________
　　3.He often goes home at 6:00 last month. ____________________________
　　4.I can fly kites seven years ago. ______________________________
　　5.Did you saw him just now. ____________________________________
六、完形填空
　　Tom did not like doing his homework，because he liked to do some 1 things after school.And his teacher always 2 a lot of mistakes in his homework.
　　Then one day，his maths teacher 3 at Tom’s homework and saw that he got all his answers right.He was very 4 and surprised(惊奇).The next morning before class，he called Tom 5 his desk and 6 to him，“You got all your homework right this time.Did your father help you?”Sometimes Tom’s father helped him with his homework， 7 this time he didn’t help Tom because he 8 at home. So Tom answered，“NO，Sir.He Was busy last night，so I 9 to do it 10 .”
( )1.A.others B. another C. the other D. other
( )2.A.made B. found C. looked at D. looked[来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K]
( )3.A.laughed B. knocked C. looked D .saw
( )4.A.please B. pleased C. pleasure D.sad
( )5.A.to B. for C. in D. at
( )6.A.talked B. asked C. spoke D. said
( )7.A.and B. but C. so D. or
( )8.A.isn’t B.won’t be C. wasn’t D. can’t be
( )9.A.wanted B. mustn’t C. liked D. had
( )10.A.itself B. of them C. myself D. himself