部分倒装用法归纳.docx

英语部分倒装用法归纳1.否定副词位于句首时的倒装在正式文体中，never, seldom, rarely,little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer等含?有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装：I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I玮我永远不i会宽恕他。He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for 他n很少.出去吃饭。She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen 乎o music.没时间听音乐。He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize howimportant this meeting 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。We had no sooner reached theairport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane tookoff.我们刚到机场，飞机就起飞了。【注意】（1）对于notunti句型，当not until位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序：He didnt leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not untilthe rain stopped did he leave the r雨i停 了之后他才离开这房间。（2）些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装：On no accounts must thisswitch be touched这个开关是绝不能触摸的。In Under no circumstances will I lend moneyto him无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。但是，in no time立即，马上）位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：In no time he worked out the problem.马上就算出了那道题。2. dnly+状语”位于句首时的倒装当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序：Only then did he realize that he was w到那.时他才意识到他错 了。Only in this way areyou able to do it wej你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。Only when he returned home didhe realize what had happened.他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。3. so+adj. / ad,v位于句首时的倒装副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装：So cold was theweather that we had to stay at home气 太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So fast does light travelthat we can hardly imagine its spfed.很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。So suddenwas the attack that we had no time to es袭击.来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。4. so+助动词+主语”倒装当要表示前面提出的*一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构：You are young and so am I你年轻，我也年轻。Shelikes music and so do她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。If he can do it, so c要是!他能做此事，我也能。【注意】（1）若前面提出*一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或 nor： You arent young and neither am你不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasnt read it and nor hav她没有读它，我也没有读。（2）注意该结构与表示强调或同意的so+主语+特殊动词结构的区别：It was cold yesterday. So it昨天很冷。”的确很冷。Father, you promised. Well, so I爸翎.你答应过的。”嗯，是答应过。” 5.由not only.but als引出的倒装当not only.but als（位于句首引出句子时，notonly后的句子通常用部分倒装形式：Not only is he a teacher, but he is also他不仅匕是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke moreeasily不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。6.虚拟条件句的省略与倒装当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should时，如将1珞、略，则要将had, were, should移到主语前，构成倒装句：Had you e yesterday, you would have seen若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。Should you require anything give me a i如果需要什么，可以给我打。Wereit not for your help, I would still be h要不是s你帮助，我会仍然无家可归。【注意】省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词：Had I money, I would buy假若我有钱，我就会买它。完全倒装的四种主要类型1. here和there位于句首时的倒装表示地点的here和there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和e, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词：Heres Tom.汤姆在这里。Theres Jim.吉姆在那儿。Here es the bus公共汽车来了。There goes the bel铃响 了。There goes the last tr最后-一班火车开走 了。【注意】（1）以上倒装句中的谓语动词e和go不能用进行时态，即不能说Here is ing thebus。（2）若主语为代词，则不倒装：Here I am.我在这儿。/我来了。Here it es*它来了。其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie,等表示状态的动词表示存在）：There stood adesk against the wa靡墙放着一*书桌。Once upon a time there lived a man known by thename of Beef.从前有个人名叫比夫。2. away和 down等位于句首时的倒装地点副词away,down, in, off, out, over, roun等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词：Away went the runners赛跑选手们跑远了。Round and roundflew the plane飞机盘旋着。The door opened and in came Mr Smith门开了，史密斯先生进了 来。Down came the rain and up went the umbrell下.雨 了，伞都撑起来 了。【注意】若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装：Away he went.他跑远了。Down it came.它掉了下来。3.状语或表语位于句首时的倒装为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装：Among these people was his friend Jib的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his 窗户.边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。【注意】在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：In thebo* was a cat箱子里是一只猫。In the bo* were some catl.子里是一些猫。4.分词和不定式置于句首的倒装有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装：Buried in the sands was an ancient viHge.老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his 站在e桌旁的是他的妻子。To be carefullyconsidered are the following questions问题要仔细考虑。涉及only的倒装及考题分析按英语习惯同，当only+状语”位于句首时，其后句子要用部分倒装。如：Only then did he realize that he was w到那.时他才意识到他错 了。Only in thisway are you able to do it你硼1有用这种方法才能把它做好。Only in this way can ourhonour be saved,只有这样，才能保住我们的荣誉。Only then did I understand what shemeant,只有到那时我才明白她的意思。Only after her death was I able to appreciate her.有到她死后我才认识到她的价值。Only when he returned home did he realize what hadhappened,当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。Only in this way can we learn EngHsh这样才能学会英语。The pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I realize howdangerous the situation had bee!飞机驾驶员要乘客们放心，这时我才明白刚才的情况有多危险Only by shouting was he able to make himself h他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged 们只是在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。Only on one point do I agree with只1有一点，我同意你的说法。【典型考题】答案分别为DC)1. Only thenhow much damage had beencaused.A. she realized B. she had realizedC. had she realized D. did she realize2. Only aftermy friend came A. did the puter repaired B. be repaired the puterC. was the puterrepaired D. the puter was repa特别说明：有时命题者不是利用位于句首的dnly+状语”来考查倒装，而是倒过来，利用给定的倒装结构来考查对only的选择。如下面一题答案选A): by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other panies.A.Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet涉及副词so的两类常考倒装这类倒装主要见于以下两种情形：1.当副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。如：So cold was the weather that we had to stay athome.天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine itsspeed.光速很快，我们几乎没法想象它的速度。So sudden was the attack that we had notime to escape袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。2.当要表示前面提出的*一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构。如：You are young andso am I.你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music and so dcI喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。If he cando it, so can是他能做此事，我也能。【典型考题】答案分别为BBA)1. So difficult it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.A. I did find B. did I find C. Ihave found D. have I found2. about wild plants that they decided to make a trip toMadagascar for further research.A. so curious the couple was B. So curious were the coupleC.How curious the couple were D. The couple was such cur tiIst. burning hot today, isnitYes. yesterday.A. So was it B. So it was C. So i特别g说1明So (is若前面提出*一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或 nor。如：You arent young and neither am 你不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasnt read itand nor have I她没有读它，我也没有读。请看考题答案选D)：Mary never does any readingin the evening, A. so does John B. John does tooC. JohtodoDsnnor doesJohn注意So+助动词+主语”与表示强调或同意的So+主语+助动词”的区别。如：It wascold yesterday.SO it wa, 昨天很冷。”的确很冷。”请看考题答案分别为CD） ： 1. Maggiehad a wonderful time at the pa;y_, and so did I.A. So she had B. So had she C. Soshe did D. So did shFather, you promised!Well, But it was you whct didnkeep your word first.A. so was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did倒装句中的主谓一致在副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out,、3作状语或表语的介词短语或分词短语+谓语动词+主语”的倒装结构中，谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语决定。如：On the wall hang two maps墙上挂着两*地图。On the wall hangs a world ofmap.墙上挂着一*世界地图Here is your coa这是你的外套oHere are your running-shoes.这是你的跑鞋。Such is the resu结果就是这样。Such are the result就是结果。副词后的倒装here和there之后以及诸如back, down, off, 1等一类的副词小品词之后，名词主语一般置于谓语之后。这类副词常与诸如e和go等转移动词一起连用。如：Herees a ta*i! There goes the last有辆曲租车来了！最后一班火车开走了！注意这里不可用进行时）Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas 雨 了，伞都撑了起来。当我们给人东西或确定位置时，这种倒装常用在be之后主语往往是复数）。如：Heres a cup of teafor you .给你一杯茶。给东西）Heres your lettei这儿有你的信。（给与或指明）Theres重读）Johnny smith约翰尼史密斯在那儿。确定位置）主语如是代词则不倒装。如：Here it es.它来了。There she goes.她走了。Up it went.它上去了。Here you are.给你。There she is.她在那儿。地点状语后的倒装地点状语后面如有表示位置的动词 如lie, live, sit,双轮移的动词如e, go, rise用作主语的名词可以放在动词之后。这种情形主要出现在描写文中。如：At the top of the hill stood the tiny 那座小嗷堂矗立在山顶上。In the fields ofpoppies lay the dying soldi罂粟地里躺着奄奄一息的士兵们。别的动词如属被动语态也可以倒装。In the distance could be seen the purple mounti处可以见到紫色的山。主语如是代词则不能倒装：At the top of the hill it stood out against它背e衬s青天矗立在山顶上。否定副词之后的倒装否定或近似否定副词往往是时间或频度副词，如never, rarely, seldom）或是具有否定作用的副词，如 little, on no account 如：Never / Seldom has there beenso much protest against the Bo这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动从未/很少/有过。Little does he realize how important this mee他对这个会议的重要性不甚了了。Onno account must you accept any money if he offe他如要给你钱，你可绝不能接受。当这种副词不在句首时，当然应该用正常词序:There has never / seldom been so much protestagainst the Bomb,从未/很少发生过这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动。He little realizeshow important this meeting他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。另外，有些含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首时，其后也要用倒装。如：In no case should you give你p绝不能放弃。On no condition should we tell her aboU我 们绝不能把此事告诉她。On no accountsmust this switch be toudied个开关是绝不能触摸的。In Under no circumstances will Ilend money to him无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。Under no circumstances should youlend him any money.你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。No way will I go on working for thatman.我不再给那个人工作了。涉及not only.but also.的部分倒装not only.but also.前后连接两个句子时，not only后的句子要用部分倒装，但but als后的分句不用倒装。如：Not only did he e, but he sawher,他不仅来了，而且还见到 了她。Not only does she speak Spanish, (but) she also knowshow to type,她不但会说西班牙语，还会打字呢。Not only is he a teacher, but he is also apoet,他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。Not only did he speak more correctly, but hespoke more easily不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。Not only did they present amusical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brassinstruments.他们不但做了音乐表演，而且简短地介绍了西方铜管乐器的历史。类似So / Neither do的I部分倒装so / neither /表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，其句型是：so / neither / n特殊词+主语。使句此句型需注意以下几点：内容是肯定时，用so,内容是否定时，用neither或 nor； 特殊词”与前句中的情态动词、助动词或be相同，或根据前句的时态，用do, does, d；d特殊词”的人称和数与其后的主语一致；特殊词”本身没有否定形式。如：You are young and so am I你年轻，我也年轻。She likes musicand so do I她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。If he can do it, so c要是他能做此事，我也能。Youarent young and neither am 你不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasrft read it and nor hav她I.没有读它，我也没有读。涉及so. that的部分倒装在so. tha结构中，若将so+adj. / adv于句首，则其后的主句要用部分倒装。如：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So much did they eat that they could not move for the ne*他们o.得太多了，一个小时都动弹不得。So loudly did he speak that even people in the ne*t roomcould hear him他讲话声音则大，隔壁屋里的人都听得见。So fast does light travel that wecan hardly imagine its spefi速 很快，我们几乎没法像它的速度。So sudden was theattack that we had no time to esc袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。类似地，当such.that.结构的such置于句首时，such后的句子也要使用部分倒装。如：Such a niceman did he seem that we all believe他像个很和蔼的人，所以我们都喜欢他。表语或状语置于句首时的完全倒装有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密，就将表语和地点状语侈为介词短语）置于句首，谓语动词也常置于主语前，构成完全倒装。如：By the door stood an armed guar门站着一名手持武器的士兵。Atthe ne*t table was a pretty girl waiting for sRomiofch 坐着一个等人的漂亮姑娘。Among these people was his friend J他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat ayoung man with a magazine in his han窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。At thefront of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what i书 的前he有曲虹录，详列了书中的内容。as引导让步状语从句时的倒装as作虽然”解，引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。此时应注意几点：一是若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词，要省略不定冠词；二是若提前的是动词原形侈为不及物动词），与之连用的通常是may, might, will, wo等d且这些词都要保留在原来的位置上主语后）；三是though有时也可像as这样使作倒装。如：Tired as I was, I tried to helpt然e我,很累，我还是努力帮助他们。Try as he would, he coudnopen the door他试过多次了，却仍打不开那门。Search as they would, they would find nobody in the 1无u论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。Hard as （though） they tried, they Coumdne her change her mind.尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。Boy as he was, he behaved like a他i_M.是个男孩，但举止却像个女孩。非谓语动词置于句首的倒装有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装。如：Buried in the sands was an ancient viHge.老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To becarefully considered are the following que下列n问.题要仔细考虑。