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Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
课时作业(一)
[基础训练]
Ⅰ 单词拼写
1．He studied ancient paintings and ________ (雕像) for many years.
答案：sculptures
2．She was praised by our headmaster because of her excellent ________ (举止，行为) at school.
答案：behavior
3．The ________ (对立的) armies were preparing for war.
答案：opposing
4．Her brother might look a bit fierce, but actually he is quite ________ (无害的)．
答案：harmless
5．Our newspaper aims to ________ (反映) the views of the local community.
答案：reflect
6．We need to realize that the issue isn't lack of c________ or technic.
答案：creativity
7．It is a fact that everyone's fingerprints are u________.
答案：unique
8．My new a________ clock wakes me up every morning.
答案：alarm
9．Please fill in your name and t________.
答案：title
10．It is obvious that what he said at the meeting was quite c________.
答案：confusing
Ⅱ 单句语法填空
1．Last night the building was on fire and burned ________.
答案：down burn down为常用动词短语，意为“(建筑物被)烧毁”。
2．I wish I could do something more ________ (create)．
答案：creative 此处是形容词作后置定语，修饰不定代词something。
3．(2017·天津高考)The passage can be seen as the author's ________ (reflect) upon a particular life experience.
答案：reflection 名词所有格后接名词，故填reflection，意为“反映”。
4．When we look out ________ the window that day, we saw a group of children playing on the grass.
答案：of look out of ... 为固定短语，意为“向……外看去”。
5．Do you think English language is the same ________ Chinese language in grammar?
答案：as the same as ... 为固定短语，意为“和……一样”。
[思维训练]
Ⅰ 完形填空
People always say that the earlier one learns a language, the __1__ it is to do so, and in theory it is that. In my opinion, __2__， that refers to spoken language. Capability to practice some essential (基本的) __3__ of a language and read between the lines can only be trained through proper reading ways and hard work __4__. So spending money to help __5__ learn English may __6__ up with disappointment. It is likely that the more you __7__， the more you are let down.
The daughter of one of my friends __8__ English in primary school, __9__ her foreign teacher's blindness __10__ psychology. She did not want to go on __11__ English until middle school, __12__ a college student studying English slowly __13__ her interest in the language.
It is better to have the child learn Chinese than to have some difficulty __14__ learning English for several years. Having been engaged in English education, __15__ find that despite their excellent __16__， many students have __17__ command of English words and phrases. So I suggest that children __18__ classical Chinese prose (散文), rather than __19__ them to learn English hurriedly. Otherwise, they may __20__ the best time to improve the language ability of their mother tongue.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。人们一般认为，孩子从小开始学习一门外语，对他们今后的语言学习是有好处的，但一直从事英语教育的作者建议孩子们应背诵一些经典的中国散文，而非急切地去学英语。否则，他们会错过提高母语学习能力的最佳时机。
1．A.easy B．difficult
C．easier D．more difficult
答案：C 人们总觉得学习语言越早，学习起来就越容易(easier)。结合“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”的用法可知，此处需要用比较级。故正确答案为C。
2．A.but B．however
C．though D．yet
答案：B 人们觉得语言学习越早越好，然而(however)，在“我”看来，那只适用于口语学习。but意为“但是”，不需要用逗号隔开；though意为“即使”；yet意为“然而”，通常用于否定和疑问句，均不符合语境。故正确答案为B。
3．A.opinions B．regards
C．requests D．expressions
答案：D 由语境并结合选项分析可知，此处指练习语言的基本表达(expression)能力。故正确答案为D。
4．A.step by step B．right away
C．at once D．quickly
答案：A 获得语言表达的能力和领悟句子的言外之意的能力需要合适的阅读方式以及循序渐进(step by step)地努力。故正确答案为A。
5．A.people B．girls
C．children D．boys
答案：C 结合下文的“to have the child learn”可知，有些家长会花钱帮孩子(children)学习英语。故正确答案为C。
6．A.begin B．start
C．finish D．end
答案：D 这件事情也许会以让人失望告终(end up with)。end up with为固定搭配，意为“结束；以……告终”。故正确答案为D。
7．A.pay B．get
C．buy D．take
答案：A 结合上文的“spending money”可知，钱花(pay)得越多，你的失望可能也越多。故正确答案为A。
8．A.loved B．liked
C．disliked D．learned
答案：C 结合下文的“She did not want to go on”可知，“我”一个朋友的女儿在小学时不喜欢(dislike)学英语。故正确答案为C。
9．A.because of B．because
C．instead of D．in case of
答案：A because of “因为；由于”，通常后接名词(短语)或相当于名词的词；because “因为”，通常接句子；instead of “而不是”；in case of “万一”。上下文之间为因果关系，且设空后为短语，故正确答案为A。
10．A.of B．at
C．in D．to
答案：D 结合文意可知，她的外教老师不擅长(blindness to)心理学。blindness to为固定搭配，意为“对……不擅长”。其他几个介词均不可与 blindness 构成固定搭配。故正确答案为D。
11．A.learning B．to learn
C．with learning D．for learning
答案：A 结合文意可知，直到中学以前，她都不想再学习(learning)英语了。go on doing sth.为固定用法，意为“继续做某事”。故正确答案为A。
12．A.while B．where
C．when D．as
答案：C 设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词middle school，在从句中作状语，所以用when引导该从句。故正确答案为C。
13．A.introduced B．practised
C．explained D．developed
答案：D 结合文意可知，一位学习英语的大学生慢慢地培养(develop)了她学英语的兴趣。develop one's interest为固定搭配，意为“培养兴趣”。故正确答案为D。
14．A.in B．to
C．at D．of
答案：A 结合文意可知，与其让孩子艰难地学习英语还不如多让他们学习一些汉语。have difficulty in doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”。故正确答案为A。
15．A.He B．I
C．She D．They
答案：B 结合下文的“So I suggest that”可知，多年从事英语教育工作，“我”(I)发现了一些问题。故正确答案为B。
16．A.pronunciation B．phrase
C．language D．writing
答案：A 结合上文的“that refers to spoken language”可知，“我”认为口语学习学得越早越好，由此可知，他们的发音(pronunciation)很好。故正确答案为A。
17．A.few B．less
C．little D．fewer
答案：C 结合文意可知，尽管他们发音学得很好，但在掌握单词和词组方面，他们的掌握量很小(little)。command of sth.此处作为一个整体，表示“对某事的掌握程度”，为不可数。few和little为原型，前者修饰可数，后者修饰不可数。fewer和less为比较级。结合文意可知，本题不需要比较级。故正确答案为C。
18．A.write B．do
C．remember D．memorize
答案：D 结合句中的“to learn”可知，孩子们与其急着学英语还不如多熟记(memorize)一些中国古典散文。故正确答案为D。
19．A.have B．let
C．cause D．make
答案：C 结合文意可知，最好不要过早让孩子学习英语。cause sb. to do sth.为固定用法，意为“使某人做某事”。have意为“有”，let意为“让”，make意为“使”，均无此用法，通常用于have/let/make sb. do sth.。故正确答案为C。
20．A.get back B．let go
C．bring in D．go away
答案：B 结合文意可知，过早的学习英语可能会错过(let go)提高母语能力的最佳时机。故正确答案为B。
Ⅱ 阅读理解
Introduction：
Speaking English is not only about using proper grammar. To use English effectively, you need to understand the culture in which it is spoken. Here are a number of important tips to remember when speaking English in the United States.
General Points to Remember
Most Americans only speak English. While it is true that more and more Americans speak Spanish, most Americans only speak English. Don't expect them to understand your native language.
Americans have difficulty understanding foreign accents (口音). Many Americans are not used to foreign accents. This requires patience from both of you！
Public Behavior
Always shake hands.
Look your partner in the eye.
Don't hold hands: Same sex friends do not usually hold hands or put their arms around each other in public in the United States.
Smoking is out! Smoking, even in public places, is strongly disagreed by most modern Americans.
Addressing People
Use last names with people you do not know.
Always use “Ms” when addressing women. Many Americans prefer first names. Americans prefer informal greetings and using first names or nicknames when speaking with friends and workmates.
Conversation Tips
Talk about work. Americans commonly ask “What do you do？” It is a popular topic of discussion between strangers.
Talk about sports: Americans love sports! However, they love American sports.
Speak about location.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍在美国说英语时应该注意的一些事项。
1．What is necessary to know when we speak English besides using grammar?
A．The culture. B．Introduction.
C．Body language. D．Topics.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一格Introduction前两句可知，我们在使用英语时，不仅要用到语法，同时还要了解这种语言所处的文化背景。所以应选A。
2．If you are introduced to a woman called Pearl S. Buck, how should you address her usually?
A．Madam Buck. B．Ms Buck.
C．Mrs Pearl. D．Miss Pearl S．.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三格左下角的一栏Addressing people 中的信息“Use last names with people you do not know. Always use ‘Ms’ when addressing women.”可知，当称呼陌生女子时，应该在姓氏前加Ms，所以应选B。
3．What can we learn from the table?
A．Smoking is allowed in the modern United States.
B．Americans shake hands when greeting same sex friends.
C．Different sex friends should hold hands when they meet for the first time.
D．When you speak to others, it's polite to look into their eyes.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据表格中间部分的右栏“Look your partner in the eye.”可知，当你和别人说话的时候，看着他们的眼睛是礼貌的。所以应选D。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．American English Tips
B．American Customs
C．Language Differences
D．The Different Language Culture
答案：A 标题判断题。本文主要介绍了在美国说英语时应该注意的一些事项。故选A。
Ⅲ 七选五
Does this situation seem familiar to you? Your English is progressing well, the grammar is now familiar, the reading comprehension is no problem, and you are speaking quite fluently. __1__
First of all, remember that you are not alone. Listening is probably the most difficult job for almost all learners of English as a foreign language. The most important thing is to listen as often as possible. __2__ The Internet is really a useful tool for English students. You can download The RealPlayer from RealM. The RealPlayer allows you to use the Internet like a radio station.
Once you have begun to listen on a regular basis, you might still be frustrated by limited understanding. __3__
Here is some of the advice I give my students：
●Accept the fact that you are not going to understand everything.
●Stay relaxed when you do not understand, and try listening to the material for more times.
●Do not translate everything into your native language.
●__4__ Don't concentrate on details before you have understood the main ideas.
●Listen to something you enjoy.
I remember the problems I had in understanding spoken German when I first went to Germany. In the beginning, when I didn't understand a word, I insisted on translating it in my mind. This method usually resulted in confusion. __5__ Firstly, translating creates a barrier between the listener and the speaker. Secondly, most people repeat themselves constantly. By remaining calm, I noticed that even if I did not pay much attention I could usually understand what the speaker had said.
A．What should you do?
B．Listen for the general idea of the conversation.
C．But you can't follow a native English speaker at all!
D．But listening is a problem for most of the beginners!
E．So, what you need to do is to find listening resources.
F．However, after several weeks, I got used to the new environment in Germany.
G．Then, after the first six months, I discovered two extremely important facts.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在学习英语时遇到的最大问题——听力，并介绍了几种提高听力的方法。
1．C 设空前指出：你的英语进步很大，语法也不错，阅读理解也很好，你也说得很流利；设空处下一段指出听力是几乎所有英语学习者的最大障碍。C项“但是你听不明白以英语为母语的人所讲的内容”承上启下，故选C项。
2．E 设空前指出最重要的是要尽可能多听；设空后指出因特网是一个有用的工具，指出了具体的学习途径，即如何去寻找学习资源，E项与下文衔接紧密，故选E项。
3．A 上文提到有规律地听，但你仍然可能理解不了；下文针对性地给出了一些建议，故A选项符合语境。
4．B 下文提到在弄清大意之前不要关注细节，“the main ideas”与“the general idea of the conversation”是同义词，故选B项。
5．G 根据后面的“Firstly, ... Secondly, ...”可知，下文讲述了两个要点，G项中的“two ... important facts”是总述，故选G项。
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