焊工资格考核管理办法.docx

EUROPEAN STANDARD
欧洲标准
EN 287-1
March 2004 2004年3月
+ A2
March 2006 2006年3月

ICS 25.160.10
Supersedes EN 287-1:1992
代替EN 287-1:1992
Incorporating corrigendum August 2004
包括2004年8月勘误表

English version 英语版
Qualification test of welders - Fusion welding - Part 1: Steels
焊工资格考核—氧炔焊—第1部分：钢

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 January 2004.
本欧洲标准由CEN于2004年1月2日批准。
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
CEN成员有义务遵守CEN/CENELEC内部规章，该规章规定了本欧洲标准不作任何变更用作国家标准的条件。若要获得有关这些国家标准的最新列表和参考文献，可向中央秘书处或任何CEN成员提出申请。
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
该欧洲标准有三种正式版本（英语、法语，德语）。由CEN成员负责的将本标准翻译至其自己语言并通报中央秘书处的任何其它版本，具有与正式版本同样的效力。
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CEN成员是奥地利、比利时、塞浦路斯、捷克共和国、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、匈牙利、冰岛、爱尔兰、意大利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、卢森堡、马耳他、荷兰、挪威、波兰、葡萄牙、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士和英国的国家标准组织。

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
欧洲标准委员会

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
管理中心：rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved
worldwide for CEN national Members.
© 2004 CEN CEN国家成员保留在全球以任何形式、通过任何途径进行利用的所有权利

Contents page
目录 页

EN 287-1:2004 (E)

Foreword
前言
This document (EN 287-1:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 121, "Welding", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
本文件(EN 287-1:2004)由CEN /TC 121“焊接”技术委员会制定，其秘书处由DIN执行。

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2004.
最迟于2004年9月通过出版同文或通过背书，将本欧洲标准将作为国家标准使用，相抵触的国家标准，最迟于2004年9月撤销。

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
本文件按欧洲委员会和欧洲自由贸易协会对CEN的要求，并按欧盟指令的重点要求进行制定。

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
与欧盟指令之间的关系，见附录ZA中的信息，该附录是本文件的组成部分。

This document supersedes EN 287-1:1992.
本文件取代EN 287-1:1992.

EN 287 consists of the following parts, under the general title Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding:
EN 287的总名称为焊工资格考核—氧炔焊，包括如下部分：

－ Part 1: Steels
－第1部分：钢
－ Part 2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys
－第2部分：铝和铝合金

Annexes A, B, C and D are informative.
附录A,B,C和D是资料。

This document includes a Bibliography.
本文件包括一份参考文献列表。

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
按CEN/CENELEC内部规范，以下国家的国家标准组织有义务执行本欧洲标准：奥地利，比利时、塞浦路斯、捷克共和国、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、匈牙利、冰岛、爱尔兰、意大利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、卢森堡、马耳他、荷兰、挪威、波兰、葡萄牙、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士和英国。

Foreword to amendment A2
修订A2的前言
This European Standard (EN 287-1:2004/A2:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
本欧洲标准(EN 287-1:2004/A2:2006)由技术委员会CEN/TC 121“焊接”制定，其秘书处由DIN执行。

This Amendment to the European Standard EN 287-1:2004 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2006.
最迟于2006年9月通过出版同文或通过背书，将本欧洲标准EN 287-1:2004的修订版，作为国家标准使用，相抵触的国家标准，最迟于2006年9月撤销。

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
本欧洲标准按欧洲委员会和欧洲自由贸易协会对CEN的要求，并按欧盟指令的重点要求进行制定。

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this European Standard.
与欧盟指令之间的关系，见附录ZA中的信息，该附录是本文件的组成部分。

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
按CEN/CENELEC内部规范，以下国家的国家标准组织有义务执行本欧洲标准：奥地利，比利时、塞浦路斯、捷克共和国、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、匈牙利、冰岛、爱尔兰、意大利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、卢森堡、马耳他、荷兰、挪威、波兰、葡萄牙、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士和英国。
EN 287-1:2004 (E)

Introduction
介绍
The ability of a welder to follow verbal or written instructions and verification of a person's skills are important factors in ensuring the quality of the welded product.
焊工按口头或书面指示进行操作的能力，以及焊工技能的验证，是确保焊接产品质量的重要因素。

The testing of a welder's skill in accordance with this standard depends on welding techniques and conditions used in which uniform rules are complied with, and standard test pieces are used.
按本标准对焊工进行的测试，取决于按统一规则所使用的焊接技术和条件，以及所使用的标准测试件。

The principle of this standard is that a qualification test qualifies the welder not only for the conditions used in the test, but also for all joints which are considered easier to weld on the presumption that the welder has received a specific training and/or has industrial practice within the range of qualification.
本标准的原则是，资格考核能证明焊工不仅胜任在测试中所使用的条件，假定焊工接受到特殊的训练和/或在资格范围内具有工业实践，还能胜任更容易焊接的所有接缝。

The qualification test can be used to qualify a welding procedure and a welder provided that all the relevant requirements, e.g. test piece dimensions, are satisfied.
假如满足了所有相关要求，如，测试件尺寸，资格考核可用于考核焊程序及焊工。

Qualifications in accordance with EN 287-1 existing at the date of publication of this standard should, at the end of their period of validity, be interpreted in accordance with the requirements of this standard.
按EN 287-1考核的资格证书，在本标准出版之日仍存在的，应在其有效期期满之后，按本标准的要求进行说明。

EN 287-1:2004 (E)

1 Scope
1 范围
This European Standard defines the qualification test of welders for the fusion welding of steels.
本欧洲标准规定了钢氧炔焊焊工的资格考核。

It provides a set of technical rules for a systematic qualification test of the welder, and enables such qualifications to be uniformly accepted independently of the type of product, location and examiner/examining body.
它为焊工的系统资格考核提供了一组技术规范，并使这种资格一致适用于产品类型、位置和主考人/主考组织。

When qualifying welders, the emphasis is placed on the welders ability to manually manipulate the electrode/ welding torch/ welding blowpipe and thereby producing a weld of acceptable quality.
在考核焊工时，重点应考核焊工动手操作电焊条/焊枪/气焊吹管，由此制造出质量合格的焊缝的能力。

The welding processes referred to in this European Standard include those fusion welding processes which are designated as manual or partly mechanized welding. It does not cover fully mechanized and automated welding processes (see EN 1418).
本欧洲标准中所提及的焊接工艺，包括指定为手动或部分机械焊接的氧炔焊。

2 Normative references
2 参考标准

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
本欧洲标准中结合了其它出版物的标有日期或未标日期的参考标准、条款。文中适当地方引用了这些参考标准，并于下文列出出版物。对于标有日期的参考标准，任何这些出版物的其后的修订或修改，只有通过修订或修改后，在本欧洲标准中结合，才适用于本标准。对于未标明日期的参考标准，适用最新版本的出版物（包括修订版）。

EN 910, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Bend tests.
EN 910，金属材料焊接的破坏性试验—弯曲试验

EN 970, Non-destructive examination of fusion welds — Visual examination.
EN 970，氧炔焊的非破坏性检查—目测检查

EN 1320, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Fracture test.
EN 1320，金属材料焊接的破坏性试验—破裂试验

EN 1435, Non-destructive examination of welds — Radiographic examination of welded joints.
EN 1435，焊接的非破坏性试验—焊接点的射线照相检查

EN ISO 4063, Welding and allied processes — Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers (ISO 4063:1998).
EN ISO 4063，焊接和联接工艺—工艺和参考编号命名(ISO 4063:1998)。

EN ISO 5817, Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) — Quality levels for imperfections (ISO 5817:2003).
EN ISO 5817，焊接—钢、镍、钛和其合金氧炔焊点（不包括电子束焊）--缺陷的质量标准(ISO 5817:2003)。

EN ISO 6947, Welds — Working positions — Definitions of angles of slope and rotation (ISO 6947:1993).
EN ISO 6947，焊接—工作位置—倾斜角度和旋转的定义(ISO 6947:1993)。

EN ISO 15607:2003, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — General rules (ISO 15607:2003).
EN ISO 15607:2003，金属材料焊接方法的规范和规定—一般规则(ISO 15607:2003)。

CR ISO 15608, Welding — Guidelines for a metallic material grouping system (ISO/TR 15608:2000).
CR ISO 15608，焊接—金属材料分类系统指南(ISO/TR 15608:2000)。

prEN ISO 15609-1:2000, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure specification — Part 1: Arc welding (ISO/DIS 15609-1:2000).
prEN ISO 15609-1:2000，金属材料焊接方法的规范和认可—焊接方法规范—第1部分：电弧焊(ISO/DIS 15609-1:2000)。

EN ISO 15609-2:2001, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure specification — Part 2: Gas welding (ISO 15609-2:2001).
EN ISO 15609-2:2001，金属材料焊接方法规范和规定—焊接方法规范—第2部分：气焊(ISO 15609-2:2001)。

ISO 857-1, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: Metal welding processes.
ISO 857-1，焊接和联接工艺—词汇—第1部分：金属焊接工艺

3 Terms and definitions
3 术语和定义
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 15607:2003 and the following apply.
本欧洲标准适用EN ISO 15607:2003中提出的以及如下的术语和定义。

3.1 welder
3.1 焊工
person who holds and manipulates the electrode holder, welding torch or blowpipe by hand
用手持住并操作电焊枪、焊枪或喷焊器的人

3.2 examiner
3.2 主考人
person who has been appointed to verify compliance with the applicable standard被指定检查是否符合适用标准的人

NOTE In certain cases, an external independent examiner can be required.
注意 在某些情况下，可能需要外部的独立主考人

3.3 examining body
3.3 主考组织
organization that has been appointed to verify compliance with the applicable standard
被指定检查是否符合适用标准的组织

NOTE In certain cases, an external independent examining body can be required.
注意 在某些情况下，可能需要外部的独立主考组织

3.4 backing
3.4 衬垫
material placed at the reverse side of a joint preparation for the purpose of supporting molten weld metal
放置于接缝背面承接熔化的焊接金属的物质

3.5 root run
3.5 根部焊道
in multi layer welding, the run(s) of the first layer deposited in the root
在多层焊接中，位于根部的第一层焊道

3.6 filling run
3.6 填充焊道
in multi layer welding, the run(s) deposited after the root run(s) and before the capping run(s)
在多层焊接中，位于根部焊道之后和顶部焊道之前的焊道

3.7 capping run
3.7 顶部焊道
in multi layer welding, the run(s) visible on the weld face(s) after completion of welding
在多层焊接中，焊接完成后，在焊接面可见的焊道

3.8 weld metal thickness
3.8 焊接金属厚度
thickness of the weld metal excluding any reinforcement
除任何钢筋之外的焊接金属厚度

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4. 符号和缩写术语
4.1 General
4.1 概要
Where the full wording is not used, the following abbreviations and reference numbers shall be used when completing the welder's qualification test certificate (see annex A).
填写焊工资格考核证书（见附录A）时，如果未使用全称时，应使用如下缩写和参考编号。

4.2 Reference numbers of welding processes
4.2 焊接工艺的参考编号
This standard covers the following manual or partly mechanized welding processes (reference numbers of welding processes for symbolic representation are listed in EN ISO 4063):
该标准涉及如下手动或部分机械焊接工艺（焊接工艺符号表示的参考编号于EN ISO 4063列出）：

111 manual metal arc welding;
111 手动金属电弧焊

114 self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding;
114 自保护管芯电弧焊

121 submerged arc welding with one wire electrode;
121 一根电焊丝的潜弧焊

125 submerged arc welding with tubular cored electrode;
125 管芯电焊条的潜弧焊

131 metal inert gas welding (MIG welding);
131惰性气体保护金属电弧焊（MIG焊接）

135 metal active gas welding (MAG welding);
135 活性气体保护金属电弧焊（MAG焊接）

136 tubular cored metal arc welding with active gas shield;
136 流行性气体保护管芯金属电弧焊

141 tungsten inert gas arc welding (TIG welding);
141 钨极气体保护电弧焊（TIG焊接）；

15 plasma arc welding;
15 等离子电弧焊；

311 oxy-acetylene welding.
311 氧-乙炔焊。

NOTE The principles of this standard can be applied to other fusion welding processes.
注意 本标准的原则可适用于其它氧炔焊工艺。

4.3 Abbreviations
4.3 简称

4.3.1 For test pieces
4.3.1 测试件

a design throat thickness
a 设计焊缝厚度
BW butt weld
BW 对接焊缝
D outside pipe diameter
D 外部管道直径
FW fillet weld
FW 角焊
l1 length of test piece
l1 测试件的长度
l2 half width of test piece
l2 测试件的半宽
lf examination length
lf 考试长度
P plate
P 平板
ReH yield strength
ReH 屈服强度

s1 weld metal thickness for welding process 1
s1 焊接工艺1焊接金属的厚度

s2 weld metal thickness for welding process 2
s2 焊接工艺2焊接金属的厚度

t material thickness of test piece (plate or wall thickness)
t 测试件的材料厚度（平板板或壁厚度）

t1 material thickness of test piece for welding process 1
t1 焊接工艺1测试件的材料厚度

t2 material thickness of test piece for welding process 2
t2焊接工艺2测试件的材料厚度

T pipe 1)
T 管子1）
z leg length of fillet weld
z 填角焊的焊角长度

4.3.2 For consumables
4.3.2 消耗品

nm no filler metal
nm 无焊料

A acid covering
A 酸覆盖

B basic covering or electrode core – basic
B 基本覆盖或电焊芯—基本

C cellulosic covering
C 纤维质覆盖

M electrode core - metal powder
M 电焊芯—金属粉

P electrode core - rutile, fast freezing slag
P 电焊芯—金红石，快冻矿渣

R rutile covering or electrode core – rutile, slow freezing slag
R 金红石覆盖或电焊芯—金红石，慢冻矿渣

RA rutile-acid covering
RA 金红石—酸覆盖

RB rutile-basic covering
RB 金红石—基本覆盖

RC rutile-cellulosic covering
RC—金红石—纤维质覆盖

RR rutile-thick covering
RR 金红石-厚覆盖

S solid wire/rod
S 实心