2023版高考英语二轮复习高考题型重组练八.doc

高考题型重组练(八)　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2023·大连高三一模]
Rich as a King
William Ⅰ， who conquered England some 950 years ago, had wealth, power and an army. Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing like a flush toilet (抽水马桶), paper towels, or a riding lawn mower (割草机). How did he get_by?
History books are filled with wealthy people who were poor compared to me. I have storm windows, Croesus did not. Entire nations trembled before Alexander the Great, but he couldn't buy cat food. Czar Nicholas lacked an electric saw.
Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, you'd think I'd be content. The trouble is that, like most people, I compare my wealth with that of living persons: neighbors, school classmates, famous TV people. The greed I feel toward my friend Howard's new kitchen is not reduced by the fact that no kings ever had a refrigerator with glass doors.
There is really no rising or falling standard of living. Over the centuries people simply find different things to feel sad about. You'd think that simply not having disease would put us in a good mood, but no, we want a hot bath too.
Of course, one way to achieve happiness would be to realize that even by today's standards the things I own are pretty nice. My house is smaller than the houses of many investment bankers, but even so it has a lot more rooms than my wife and I can keep clean.
Besides, to people looking back at our era from a century or two in the future, these bankers' fancy counter tops and my own worn Formica will seem equally shabby. I can't keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.
体裁：议论文　题材：社会生活　主题：知足常乐
【语篇解读】　该文主要通过同富有的古人比照启迪读者：生活没有必要攀比，要知足常乐。
【难句分析】　The greed I feel toward my friend Howard's new kitchen is not reduced by the fact that no kings ever had a refrigerator with glass doors.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“I feel toward my friend Howard's new kitchen〞是一个定语从句，关系代词that/which在从句中作宾语而被省略，修饰先行词The greed; that引导同位语从句，在从句中不作句子成分，对the fact的内容进行解释说明。
译文：我对我的朋友Howard的新厨房的垂涎并没有因为之前所有的国王都没有一个带玻璃门的冰箱这样一个事实而有所减弱。
1．What does the underlined phrase “get by〞 in the first paragraph mean?
A．Succeed as a king. B．Deal with complaints.
C．Live in a satisfactory way. D．Get some extra money.
答案与解析：C　考查词义猜想。根据第三段第一句“Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, you'd think I'd be content〞，并结合对第一段第二句的理解可推知，没有现代这些便利的生活设备，富有的威廉一世如何才能生活得满意如意呢？由此可推知，画线短语表示“以一种令人满意的方式生活〞，应选C。
2．How many historical figures are mentioned to compare lives in the past and present?
A．3. B．4.
C．5. D．6.
答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。根据对第一段和第二段的理解可知，古今生活比照中作者列举了四个历史人物，他们分别是： William Ⅰ， Croesus, Alexander the Great和Czar Nicholas。
3．According to the passage, the author intends to ________.
A．tell us to be content with life
B．warn us to live in a simple way
C．teach us to learn lessons from life
D．encourage us to struggle for wealth
答案与解析：A　考查写作意图。根据文章的标题Rich as a King，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，作者通过古今生活比照，告诉我们要知足常乐。
4．What's the author's attitude towards life?
A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic.
C．Uncaring. D．Cautious.
答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。根据最后两段，尤其是最后一段最后两句“I can't keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait〞可推知，作者对生活持乐观的态度。
B
[2023·长春市质量监测一] Pangolins (穿山甲) are strange­looking creatures, covered with hard scales (鳞). They can roll up into a ball to protect themselves from enemies and have tongues that are longer than their bodies.
Pangolins have recently become the focus of Chinese people. A screenshot of a microblog post showing some people eating pangolins at a feast spread. A few days later, people were angered again by pictures showing people eating protected animals, including pangolins.
Yet this is only the tip of the iceberg. Many more pangolins have been hunted or killed. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), more than 1 million of them have been killed or sold in the last 10 years. It also said that they are the most illegally traded mammals in the world. In September 2023, the IUCN added the pangolin to the world's “endangered animals list〞. They are now more endangered than pandas.
A growing trade of their scales and meat is the main reason for their decline in number. Many people in Asia and Africa consider pangolin meat is delicious. Some people even think pangolin scales have medical qualities. However, their scales are made of keratin (角蛋白), the same material human fingernails are made of.
Luckily, the situation is getting better. World Pangolin Day is on the third Saturday of February each year. It's a day to help people know more about pangolins. The government now stops anyone from buying and eating pangolins in China. Breaking this law is regarded as a crime, and the trade of pangolins across the world is also not allowed, according to the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
体裁：说明文　题材：新闻报道　主题：保护濒危动物穿山甲
【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了穿山甲濒临灭绝的现状，以及为保护穿山甲而采取的举措。
【难句分析】　A few days later, people were angered again by pictures showing people eating protected animals, including pangolins.
分析：这是一个简单句。句中有动名词短语作定语修饰pictures，以及现在分词短语作宾补。
译文：几天后，人们再次被几张照片激怒，照片显示人们在吃保护动物，其中包括穿山甲。
5．Pangolins have caught people's attention these years because ________.
A．they look strange
B．they appear in some movies
C．they are killed and eaten by people
D．they have something to do with pandas
答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据题干中的关键词“attention〞和“these years〞，我们把答案定位在第二段。该段开头说，穿山甲近来成为中国人关注的焦点，然后提到一张屏幕截图和一些图片里，穿山甲成为人们的盘中珍馐，这与C项的描述是一致的。
6．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Pangolins can roll up into a ball to attack enemies.
B．More than 1 million pangolins were killed or sold last year.
C．Pangolins were named the most endangered animal in 2023.
D．The pangolin is a kind of mammals.
答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。根据第三段内容，尤其是“they are the most illegally traded mammals in the world〞可知，穿山甲是一种哺乳动物。应选D项。
7．The real aim of World Pangolin Day may be to ________.
A．attract people to the zoo to watch pangolins
B．lift people's awareness of protecting pangolins
C．remind people of pangolins' medical value
D．explain the law to people
答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。根据题干中的“World Pangolin Day〞，我们把答案定位在最后一段。该段主要陈述为保护穿山甲而采取的举措，而这个节日能让人们更多地了解穿山甲，从而提高人们保护穿山甲的意识，故B项符合题意。
8．What might be the author's attitude towards the measures taken to protect pangolins?
A．Positive. B．Negative.
C．Disappointed. D．Unconcerned.
答案与解析：A　考查推理判断。根据最后一段内容可知，中国政府禁止任何人购置和食用穿山甲，世界各地也禁止买卖穿山甲，局面正在好转。由此可推知作者觉得这些措施是有效的，因此选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
[2023·长沙一模]It is not as simple as opening the door and hitting the track in winter. There are a few things you can do to ensure you are getting the most out of your run and, importantly, not doing more harm than good.
Warm up, cool down
__1__. Your muscles need some time to warm up when it's cold, so take it easy when you set off and do a few stretches once you're finished.
Drink water
You might not feel hot, but that's because sweat evaporates (蒸发) more quickly into the chilly, dry air. So be sure to drink water before, during and after cold­weather workouts. __2__. A belt bottle conveniently attaches to your waist so you don't have to carry it and can have a drink whenever you feel like it.
__3__.
Running in cotton is a bad idea. Wear thin, breathable layers of synthetic (合成的) clothing that help protect you from the wind and snow, but still let out heat and moisture. Thirty percent of your body heat escapes through your hands and forty percent through your head. Wear a hat, or beanie (无檐小便帽), and gloves so your circulatory system can distribute warm blood to the rest of your body. __4__.
Run into the wind
__5__. Obviously, it will be an easier passage home with some extra help from Mother Nature. But, more importantly, you won't have the wind in your face for the second half of your run, when you are more likely to be sweating and catch a chill.
A．Dress right
B．Keep warm
C．Don't go too fast, too soon
D．Start and finish in the same way
E．Don't wait to drink water until you feel thirsty
F．Head out into the wind and come home with it at your back
G．On really cold days, wear a mask or scarf over your mouth to protect your face
体裁：说明文　题材：日常活动　主题：冬季室外跑步的考前须知
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冬季室外跑步的一些考前须知，包括做好热身运动、注意饮水以及穿适宜的衣物等。
1．答案与解析：C　根据该段小标题Warm up, cool down以及空后的“Your muscles need some time to warm up〞可知，C项符合语境。
2．答案与解析：E　根据段落小标题Drink water并结合空前一句“So be sure to drink water before, during and after cold­weather workouts〞可知，E项“不要等到感到口渴的时候才喝水〞符合语境，衔接上文。
3．答案与解析：A　根据空处所在位置以及文章结构可知，空处为段落小标题；通读该段可知，本段主要是讲跑步时的穿着，应选A项。
4．答案与解析：G　空处所在段讲的是冬季室外跑步的着装要求，故G项与此处匹配。
5．答案与解析：F　根据本段的小标题Run into the wind并结合空后一句可知，跑步回家时顺着风，让风在你背后推着你走，故F项符合语境。
Ⅲ.短文改错
[2023·黑龙江省六校一模]Recently, my mother was always busy but she only made a small sandwich for my lunch that day. Get to school, I saw our old gatekeepers who didn't have breakfast. Without hesitation, I offered the sandwich him, which he gladly accepted. From this experience, I realize that when we shared, even when we don't have much, we are sharing something great than it is. When I told Mom what she did, she praised me and encouraged me to keep going. Now, with a loving care, Mom prepares a nutritious lunch for me to take to school each morning. Additional, she prepares some extra food so that I can share with whomever is in need along the way.
答案与解析：
Recently, my mother was always busy bu she only made a small sandwich for my lunch that day. Ge to school, I saw our old gatekeeper who didn't have breakfast. Without hesitation, I offered the sandwich him, which he gladly accepted. From this experience, I realize that when we share， even when we don't have much, we are sharing something grea than it is. When I told Mom what sh did, she praised me and encouraged me to keep going. Now, with loving care, Mom prepares a nutritious lunch for me to take to school each morning. Additiona， she prepares some extra food so that I can share with whomeve is in need along the way.
①but改为so。考查并列连词。由句意可知，“由于我妈妈最近很忙，那天她仅仅给我准备了一小份三明治作为午餐〞，此处是因果关系，因此用so。
②Get改为Getting。考查非谓语动词。此处指“到达学校时，我看到了我们年迈的门卫〞，get与I是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作时间状语。
③gatekeepers改为gatekeeper。考查名词。根据下文的“him〞和“he〞可知，此处指的是一个门卫，故用名词单数。
④him前加to。考查介词。offer sth. to sb.表示“提供某物给某人〞。
⑤shared改为share。考查时态。依据句意和句中的“realize〞“don't〞“are〞可知，此处用一般现在时。
⑥great改为greater。考查比拟级。根据比拟级标志词“than〞可知，此处用great的比拟级形式。
⑦she改为I。考查代词。根据上文内容和句子逻辑关系可知，此处表示“我告诉妈妈我做了什么〞，故用I。
⑧删除loving前的a。考查冠词。care作“照料，照顾〞讲时是不可数名词，故删除a。
⑨Additional改为Additionally。考查副词。此处表示“此外〞，作状语，要用副词。
⑩whomever改为whoever。考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，with后接一个名词性从句，连接代词在从句中作主语，且表示“……的任何人〞，故要用whoever。注意：whomever在从句中不能作主语。
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