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专题四 虚拟语气
————————————◄ 对 点 训 练 ►———————————
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(高考真题改编)
1. (2023年天津卷)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ (accomplish) the task in half the time.
解析：句意：工人们没有被更好地组织，否那么他们会用一半的时间完成任务。此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，would have done sth.意为“本来能够做某事〞。
答案：would have accomplished
2. (2023年天津卷)If we ________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.
解析：句意：如果昨天我们赶上那趟航班，我们现在正在沙滩上享受我们的假期。if从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，其谓语动词需用“had＋过去分词〞形式。
答案：had caught
3. (2023年江苏卷)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ________ (have) a second chance to become more involved.
解析：句意：这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活，我希望自己能再获得一次时机去更多地参与其中。wish后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气，此处表达现在的一个愿望，谓语动词要用过去式，故填had。
答案：had
4. (2023年北京卷)They might have found a better hotel if they ________ (drive) a few more kilometers.
解析：句意：如果他们再多行驶几千米，他们或许就会找到一个更好的宾馆了。根据题干中主句的谓语might have found可知，本句是与过去事实相反的假设，因此if引导的从句中谓语动词形式应用“had done〞形式，故填had driven。
答案：had driven
5. (2023年北京卷)If the new safety system ________ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
解析：根据主句确定是对过去情况的假设，所以从句用“had done〞形式， system与put to use是被动关系，故填had been put。
答案：had been put
6. (2023年江苏卷)________ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
解析：虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were/Should/Had I...，故填Were。
答案：Were
7. (2023年天津卷)—Do you have Betty's phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I wouldn't ________ (be) able to reach her yesterday.
解析：句意：——你有贝蒂的 号码吗？——有。否那么我昨天就联系不到她了。此处Otherwise (否那么)相当于一个条件状语从句，由yesterday可知，本句对过去情况进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句用wouldn't have done。
答案：have been
8. (2023年浙江卷)Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDSrelated deaths wouldn't ________ (fall) since their highest in 2023.
解析：句意：要是没有政府和科学家的合作，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2023年的最高值降下来。从句“Had...not worked together〞是对过去情况的假设，所以主句谓语要用wouldn't have done。
答案：have fallen
9. (2023年北京卷)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ (tell) me, I could have helped.
解析：句意：你上周为什么不把你的困难告诉我呢？如果你告诉了我，我就能够帮你了。根据题干中的“Why didn't you tell me〞和“could have helped〞可知，此处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以if条件句的谓语动词用had told。
答案：had told
10. (2023年天津卷)I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn't been wearing one, I ________ (injure)．
解析：句意：我当时系着平安带。如果没系的话，我会受伤的。根据题干中的“If I hadn't been wearing one〞可知，此处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以主句的谓语用would have been injured。
答案：would have been injured
11. (2023年安徽卷)It is lucky we booked a room, or we ________ (have) nowhere to stay now.
解析：句意：很幸运，我们预订了一个房间，否那么，我们现在就没有地方可以住了。由句意可知，or前面的句子是真实的情况，or后面的句子是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故空处用“would do〞形式。
答案：would have
12. (2023年重庆卷)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway ________ (write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
解析：句意：如果没有战时经历的话，海明威就不会写出他著名的小说?永别了，武器?。without 构成的介词短语相当于与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句；根据语境可知，此处表示对过去情况的假设，故要用“would have done〞形式，又因为此处表示否认意义，故填wouldn't have written。
答案：wouldn't have written
13. (2023年北京卷)If I ________ (see) it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.
解析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我是不会相信的。由主句谓语“wouldn't have believed〞可知，此处是与过去事实相反的假设，故if从句中谓语动词应为hadn't seen。
答案：hadn't seen
14. (2023年天津卷)I wish I ________ (be)at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
解析：句意：要是上周二我参加了我姐姐的婚礼就好了，可是那时我正在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句用过去完成时表示对过去情况的假设。
答案：had been
15. (2023年陕西卷)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ________ (dance) as well as her.
解析：句意：Ellen是一个非常优秀的舞者，我希望我能跳得像她一样好。wish后面的宾语从句用一般过去时表示对现在情况的假设。
答案：danced
Ⅱ.单句改错
1. (2023年全国卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.
_________________________________________________________________
解析：suggest表示“建议〞时，后跟宾语从句，从句的谓语动词用“should do〞形式， should可以省略。
答案：can→should或去掉can
2. (2023年四川卷)If you are me, would you talk to them?
_________________________________________________________________
解析：根据句意可知，此处是对现在情况的假设，故把are改为were。
答案：are→were
3．It is high time you go to school.
_________________________________________________________________
解析：It's high time (that)...意为“该是……的时候了〞，that从句的谓语动词用过去式或“should do〞形式，should不可以省略。
答案：go→went或you后加should
4．If only you listened to my speech then.
_________________________________________________________________
解析：根据时间状语then可知，此处是对过去情况的假设，故在you后加had。
答案：you后加had
5．The expression on his face suggested that he be very tired.
_________________________________________________________________
解析：此处suggest意为“暗示，说明〞，从句的谓语动词要依实际情况而定，故把be改为was。
答案：be→was
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