2023版高考英语大一轮复习核心素养测评八Unit2Language牛津译林版必修3.doc

核心素养测评八 Unit 2Language. 阅读理解AWorkers at an Indian start-up company are busy cutting metal into pieces and using them to make unusual devices. Company officials say these devices will capture smoke from diesel (柴油) generators and turn it into ink. Young engineers believe the technology will help to clean up the air in New Delhi, Indias capital. Its air quality is among the dirtiest in the world. People often blame the millions of cars on the streets of New Delhi for the air pollution. But another big reason is the citys diesel generators. Industries and buildings use the huge machines to light up homes and offices during power outages. These outages often strike in the summer months. Arpit Dhupar is one of the three engineers who set up the start-up company Chakr Innovation. He says that pollution from cars and other vehicles gets all the media attention, but adds that “the silent polluters are the diesel generators. Dhupar decided to find a way to fight air pollution three years ago. At the time, he saw a wall blackened by the smoke coming from a diesel generator. This sight led to the creation of Chakr Innovation. Dhupar had personally experienced the effect of the air pollution. He developed breathing problems while growing up in Delhi. After over two years of research and development, Chakr Innovation has begun selling devices to capture pollution from diesel generators. To date, the devices have been set up in 50 places, including private businesses. The technology involves cooling the air pollution in a “heat exchanger where the dirty particles come together. These are then moved into another area that captures 70 to 90 percent of the particulate (微粒的) matter. The carbon is isolated from the emissions and turned into ink. In recent years, there has been a lot of talk about improving Delhis air by reducing vehicular pollution and making stronger rules for vehicle manufacturers. But the same has not happened for diesel generators. There are efforts to punish businesses that dirty the air, but this often leads to them finding ways to get around the rules. Tushar Mathur works at Chakr Innovation. He feels that turning smoke into ink is a useful solution. He calls the technology “a win-win between businesses and the environment. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 通过介绍印度新德里的环境状况, 向我们介绍了把烟变成墨水的一种改善环境的解决方法。1. What do we know about the devices from Paragraph 1? A. They are made in a big company. B. They are cut into pieces of metal. C. They can turn dirty smoke into ink. D. They will certainly clean up the dirty air. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Company officials say these devices will capture smoke from diesel generators and turn it into ink. 可知, 它们可以把污浊的烟变成墨水。2. The air pollution in New Delhi may be the most serious in . A. MarchB. JulyC. SeptemberD. December【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段可知, 在新德里除了车辆所产生的污染物外, 柴油发电机是空气污染的另一个重要的原因, 而最后一句说明夏天是停电的顶峰期, 而柴油发电机显然是在停电期间使用最多, 可推断出夏季很可能是空气污染最严重的季节, 应选B项。3. What caused Dhupar to found Chakr Innovation? A. The determination to fight air pollution. B. The development of breathing problems. C. The media attention to vehicular pollution. D. The sight of a wall blackened by smoke. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At the time, he saw a wall blackened by the smoke coming from a diesel generator. This sight led to the creation of Chakr Innovation. 可知, 一堵被烟熏黑的墙使Dhupar创立了Chakr Innovation, 应选D项。4. When the device works, how are the dirty particles gathered together? A. By cooling the polluted air. B. By isolating the emissions. C. By moving the dirty particles. D. By capturing the particulate matter. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第五段“The technology involves cooling the air pollution in a heat exchanger where the dirty particles come together. 可知, 在一个“热交换器里冷却空气污染物就能使脏颗粒聚集起来。【知识拓展】长难句分析There are efforts to punish businesses that dirty the air, but this often leads to them finding ways to get around the rules. 分析: 本句是but 连接的并列句, 前一个句子中含有动词不定式to punish. . . 作efforts的后置定语, 后面含有business的定语从句, 关系词that 在从句中充当主语, 后面一个并列句中含有lead to sb. doing sth. 导致某人做。翻译: 有一些惩罚污染空气的企业的尝试, 但这往往会导致他们想方设法绕过规定。BThere are plenty of people in the UK for whom even basic English is a problem. According to the survey, 726, 000 people in England and Wales said they could not speak English well, and another 138, 000 said they did not speak it at all. Ling, 40, who arrived five years ago from China, found it difficult to learn English. “When I came here, I was pregnant and so I was at home for the next three years. It took me longer to learn as I was very busy with the children. Eventually she was able to begin taking classes and now speaks good conversational English. But even with classes, it can be a long process to pick up the language. Age is the most important factor in language study, said Mila Vulchanova, professor of linguistics (语言学) at Norwegian University of Science and Technology. “There is a sensitive period in language learning, which is biologically determined. So the younger the immigrants (移民), the better. Since this decline is only gradual, teenagers are at an advantage over adults, he said. There are a number of systems for grading English. The government expects immigrants to reach “ESOL Entry 3or “B1 level in Scotland, before they can be given citizenship. It is equal to being able to hold a confident conversation and it might take 360 hours of study to achieve. George Osborne, the UK chancellor (财政大臣), said in June that benefit claimants (申请救济金者) who dont speak English will have their benefits cut if they fail to attend language courses. Huan Japes, deputy chief executive of English UK, a trade body for language colleges, said it needed 360 hours120 hours for each of three stagesto get to the result the government expected benefit claimants to reach. “Using 120 hours (for each stage of English fluency) is a rather traditional approach to course book learning, said Dr Elaine Boyd, head of English language at Trinity College London. “If someone is really highly motivated, they can learn really quickly. Its common for children under the age of 11 to be fluent in about six months. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在英国, 许多移民不能说一口流利的英语这一现状, 作者借助专家们的观点告诉我们怎样学好英语, 练就一口流利的英语。5. The first paragraph serves as a(n) . A. introductionB. discussionC. explanationD. conclusion【解析】选A。推理判断题。通读本段可知, 本段第一句说“在英国有很多人, 即使是根底英语都成问题, 接着根据调查可知, 在英格兰和威尔士有很多人英语说得不好甚至根本不会说英语。因此推知, 这是为了引出下文的许多移民不会说英语的现状, 告诉我们如何学好英语, 应选A。6. What does Mila Vulchanova mainly stress? A. The importance of key teaching ways. B. The necessity of working hard at English. C. The advantages of learning English. D. The importance of starting learning English at an early age. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“There is a sensitive period in language learning和“So the younger the immigrants, the better. Since this decline is only gradual, teenagers are at an advantage over adults可知, Mila Vulchanova认为对于移民来说, 学英语越早越好, 年龄小是优势。因此可推知, 他在强调早学英语的重要性, 应选D。7. The UK government hopes that benefit claimants . A. reach “ESOL Entry 1B. are advanced English learnersC. study English for about 360 hoursD. get citizenship from the government first【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“said it needed 360 hours120 hours for each of three stagesto get to the result the government expected benefit claimants to reach可知, 申请救济金者需要360个小时三个阶段, 120个小时一阶段才能到达政府预期申请救济金者能到达的效果, 分析选项可知C项符合题意。8. What Dr Elaine Boyd said suggested that . A. 120 hours is a high level for learnersB. one can learn English fast if activeC. English fluency can be easily achievedD. children under 11 learn English hard【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的“Using 120 hours (for each stage of English fluency) is a rather traditional approach to course book learning可知, 120小时是惯例, 一般人能到达; 再根据最后一段最后两句可知, 如果某人积极性很高, 6个月内就能学会流利的英语, 应选B。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. pregnant adj. 怀孕的2. conversational adj. 谈话的, 会话的 3. sensitive adj. 敏感的4. executiveadj. 经营管理的, 有执行权的. 阅读填句One of the areas of our body which conveys most about how we feel is how we move our hands and arms. 1, but most often they occur unconsciously and naturally. 2. Open hands and arms, especially extended, and with hands up in front of the body at chest height, indicates that what youre saying is important, and, especially when people are speaking in public, a pointing finger or a hand waving above the shoulders stresses a personal point. However, research shows that people often find speakers who point their fingers a lot rather annoying. Openness or honesty. 3, they will often hold one or both of their hands out to the other person. Footballers who have just committed a foul (犯规) often use this gesture to try to convince the referee that they didnt do it. Nervousness. If a person puts his hand to his mouth, this either indicates that he is hiding something, or that he is nervous. 4, and so does holding a bag or briefcase very tightly in front of the body. Feeling defensive. Keeping arms folded tightly over the chest is a classic gesture of defensiveness and indicates that you are protecting yourself. It is often seen among strangers in queues or in lifts or anywhere where people feel a bit insecure. People also sometimes use this gesture when they are listening to someone, to show that they disagree with what is being said. 5! A. Saying something importantB. When people want to be open or honestC. Hand and arm gestures are sometimes intentionalD. But this gesture can simply mean that the person is coldE. Playing with your fingers, like tapping the table, also shows anxietyF. This gesture is typical of lawyers, accountants, and other professionalsG. When someone puts up his both hands, he probably gives in to his enemies【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 主要介绍了几种肢体语言, 如用以说明你讲的事情重要, 用以表示开放和老实的心态, 用以表示紧张和防御心理。1. 【解析】选C。根据该句中的“but可知, 空处与下文“手和手臂大局部时候会自然、无意识地移动形成转折关系, C项中的“intentional与该句中的“unconsciously and naturally相对, 故C项正确。2. 【解析】选A。根据文章结构以及空处所在的位置可知, 空处为该段的主题; 结合本段内容尤其是下文中的“indicates that what youre saying is important和“stresses a personal point可知, 该段主要陈述“肢体语言有时表示某事物的重要性, 故A项正确。3. 【解析】选B。根据空前的“Openness or honesty. 可知, 该段主要陈述第二种肢体语言的含义: 表示开放或老实(的心态), 结合B项中对应的“to be open or honest可知, B项正确。4. 【解析】选E。根据该段主题句“Nervousness. 可知, 该段主要陈述第三种肢体语言的含义: 紧张。结合本段内容和下文中的“and so does holding a bag or briefcase very tightly in front of the body可知, 空处应是陈述另一种表示紧张的肢体语言形式, 故E项正确。5. 【解析】选D。根据该段第二句“Keeping arms folded tightly over the chest is a classic gesture of defensiveness and indicates that you are protecting yourself. 可知, 双臂紧紧地交叉在胸前是一种典型的防御姿势, 说明你在保护自己。再结合常识可知, 双臂紧紧地交叉在胸前可能仅仅说明这个人很寒冷, 故D项正确。. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The word Nshu literally means “womens writing in Chinese: As the name suggests, Nshu is created and specially used by women. Often 1. (call) “the worlds only surviving characters for women, these slim words were developed from standard written Chinese. In the old days, Nshu 2. (teach)by elderly women to girls at home because female children werent allowed 3. (attend)formal school. During gatherings in villages, women used the characters to write poems or song lyrics to express their emotions 4. were hidden from men. The words were full 5. encouragement and positive energy, and showed an uncommon open-mindedness among women at that time. Ji Xianlin once said that Nshu is a feminist (女权主义者) symbol. “Its 6. unique writing system created by 7. (talent) women who were deprived (剥夺) of the right to education, he wrote in an article. “It has significance in various 8. (field)and represents Chinese peoples strong spirit. Nshu was made as a national cultural heritage in 2023. However, it is not 9. (wide)used in daily life today. In fact, it is a dying language. Now linguists are taking action to prevent this incredible cultural heritage from 10. (disappear). 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了“女书的由来。“女书是女性创作的用来表达自己的情感的一种文字, 它是由才女创造的独特的写作体系, 是女权主义的象征, 代表了中国人民的坚强不屈的精神。1. 【解析】called。考查非谓语动词。主语these slim words 与动词call之间存在被动关系, 所以该空需用过去分词, 故填called。2. 【解析】was taught。考查动词的时态和语态。这里指的是女书被年长的女性教给女孩们, 且根据空格前的“In the old days可知, 此处需用一般过去时的被动语态, 故填was taught。3. 【解析】to attend。考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事, 其被动结构为sb. be allowed to do sth. “某人被允许做某事, 所以该空需用不定式, 故填to attend。4. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句的引导词。该句中的先行词为their emotions, 引导词在从句中作主语, 所以需用关系代词that或者which, 故填that/which。5. 【解析】of。考查介词。be full of “充满, 为固定搭配, 这里指的是这些话充满了鼓励和正能量, 故填of。6. 【解析】a。考查冠词。这里指的是一个独特的书写体系, 表示泛指, 所以需用不定冠词, 故填a。7. 【解析】talented。考查词性转换。这里指的是有才能的女性, 所以该空需用形容词来修饰名词women, talented为形容词, 意为“有才能的, 故填talented。8. 【解析】fields。考查名词。field “领域是可数名词, 再由various可知, 该空需用复数形式, 故填fields。9. 【解析】widely。考查词性转换。这里指的是女书在当今的日常生活中不被广泛使用, 这里需用副词修饰动词used, 故填widely。10. 【解析】disappearing。考查非谓语动词。from为介词, 其后需接名词、代词、动名词, disappear为动词, 所以该空需用动名词, 故填disappearing。. 阅读理解If you want to become a fluent English speaker you should take some advice. There are four skills in learning English. They are reading, listening, speaking and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills you should first master the skills of reading and listening. Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentence, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc. There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammars or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you come across, but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example, in other passages or books, is enough. It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it. As for listening, there are two choices: besides reading, you can listen every day for about 30 minutes. You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening. Since you have lots of inputs in your mind, you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say. This never means that you should not practice listening. For listening you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children. Their languages are easy. Or if you are good at listening you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes. If you follow these pieces of advice, your speaking and writing will improve automatically, and you can be sure that with a little effort they will become perfect. 【文章大意】本文为说明文。如果你想学好英语, 应该掌握其四种技能: 听、说、读、写。读与听是学好英语的关键。1. According to the author, which should you improve first among the four skills? A. Reading and listening. B. Reading and writing. C. Writing and speaking. D. Speaking and listenin