固态发酵饲料的特性及对育肥猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响英文.pptx

concents Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusion Page 1IntroductionPage 21)Antibiotic growth promoters TotalbaninEuropeanUnion2)Fermented raw materialsEliminatinganti-nutritionalfactors;Improvingnutrientdigestibility;Enrichingthequalityofprotein The fermentation end products can be incorporatedinto diets as feed ingredientsIntroduction Page 33)Fermented liquid feed(FLF)newborn piglets Coliforms (feces)Lactic acid bacteria(feces)growingpigs enterobacteriaceae lactic acid bacteria(stomach)The high concentrations of organic acids in the FLF are believed to be responsible for the reduction in pathogensIntroductionPage 44)Solid-state fermentation feed(SFF)little literature may have potential to be efficient in promoting animal health and growth;lpresent study (1)to investigate the nutritional and microbial characteristics of SFF during the fermentation process;(2)to determine the effects of SFF on performance and nutrient digestibility in growing-finishing pigs when fed in the absence of antibiotics.experimentdesignChemicalanalysis Determinethefermentationeffect MicrobiologicalcountsAnimalfeedingtrialCollectesamplesManufactureofSFFSSF+basaldietantibiotics+basaldietDailygainDailyintaketotalfecalcollectionChemicalanalysisFeedconversionnutrientdigestibilityMaterials and MethodsPage 51)ManufactureofSSF2)MicrobiologicalcountsofSFF3)ChemicalanalysisofSFFsamples4)Animalfeedingtrial5)Chemicalanalysisoffeedandfeces6)Statisticalanalysis1)Manufacture of SFF Page 6 prepare of liquid culture A mixed liquid bacterial culture,containing:Lactobacillusfermentum LAB 5.03logcfu/ml (发酵乳杆菌)SaccharomycescerevisaeYeastand 5.74logcfu/ml(酿酒酵母)BacillussubtilisBacillus 5.45logcfu/ml (枯草芽孢杆菌)1)Manufacture of SFF Page 7 prepare of substrate1)Manufacture of SFF Page 8 Mix substrate:liquid culture=10:3(w/v).Package The mixture was packaged in multi-layer,polythene bags(多层式聚乙烯包装袋);25 kg per bag;the bag equipped a one-way valve(单向阀)to allow release of CO2 produced during fermentation1)Manufacture of SFF Page 9 Fermente Fermentation was performed in bags；temperature：255 Collecte samples day 0,1,2,3,5,7,10,15,20 and 302)Microbiological counts of SFFPage 10bacterialincubationmedia incubationTEMP tLABMan,RogosaandSharpagaranaerobic3736hEnterobacteria McConkeyagaraerobic3724hBacillusMixedNutrientagarplatesaerobic3724hYeastsagarplatesaerobic3036hTen-fold dilutions of the SSF feed samples3)Chemical analysis of SFF samplesPage 11Nutrition assay methoddry matterAOAC(1990).crude proteinAOAC(1990).Water-soluble proteinBradford(1976)Short chain fatty acidsGasChromatographyLactic acidenzymatickitproduced4)Animal feeding trialPage 12 Experimental animal grouping 20crossbredbarrows(DYL)initialbodyweight=14.11kg The experimental diets Controlgroup:basaldiet+antibioticsSFFgroup:basaldiet+SFFbasaldiet:corn-soybeanmeal-basedcontroldiet Husbandry management ControlgroupSFFgroupItem14-25kg25-65kg65-95kgControlSSFControlSSFControlSSFIngredientMaize(%)70.060.567.565.070.070.0Soybeanmeal(%)20.012.020.011.020.09.0Fishmeal(%)6.0-3.0-Wheatbran(%)-2.54.54.05.06.0Soybeanoil(%)-1.0-1.0-Solid-statefermentedfeed(%)-25.0-20.0-15.0Mineralandvitaminpremix(%)4.0-4.0-4.0-Nutrient compositionMetabolizableenergy(Mcal/kg)3.213.213.223.223.233.23Crudeprotein(%)18.0418.0216.6316.6614.9914.99Lysine(%)1.201.240.970.960.730.71Calcium(%)0.96.0960.650.650.480.48Totalphosphorus(%)0.800.800.510.510.510.50Thetrialwasconductedinthreephases4)Animal feeding trialPage 14 pigpen:stainlesssteelmetabolismcratesequippedwithaplastic-coated,totallyslattedfloorphase:0.5m1.1mPhaseandphase:0.6m1.4mPigswerefedtwicedailyuntilfullfreshwaterwasavailableallthetimesOneweakpiginbothgroupswasremovedfromtheexperimentduringthephase.5)Chemical analysis of feed and fecesPage 15 Thedrymatter,crudeprotein,calciumandphosphorusindietsorfecesweredeterminedaccordingtoAOAC(1990)Grossenergyfeceswasmeasuredbyanadiabaticbombcalorimeter(Model1281,Parr,Moline,IL)LysineinfeedsampleswasdeterminedbyHighPerformanceLiquidChromatography6)Statistical analysisPage 16 Datarelatingtomicrobialcountsandchemicalanalysisofsolid-statefermentedfeedwerecalculatedusingMicrosoftOfficeExcel(2003)DatafornutrientdigestibilityandperformancewereanalyzedusingANOVAofSAS(SASInstitute,1996)RESULTS and DISCUSSIONPage 171)Microbial characteristics of SFF during fermentation 2)Chemical analysis of SFF3)Pig performance and nutrient digestibility1)Microbial characteristics of SFFPage 18LAB(),yeasts(),bacillus()and enterobacteria()detectable level1)Microbial characteristics of SFFPage 19 Feedfermentationhasbeendividedintotwophases(Canibe)levelsLAByeastsenterobacteriapHphaselowlowbloominghighphasehighhighlowlow1)Microbial characteristics of SFFPage 20ThefinalcountsofLABfeed/waterpresenttrial6.7logcfu/g10:3(w/v)FLF9.0-9.4logcfu/g1:2-1:2.75(w/v)The final counts of lactic acid bacteria1)Microbial characteristics of SFFPage 21 yeast:lactic acid bacteria=1:100 thesameratiowassummarizedbyCorsettiandSettanni(2007)intheirreviewonsourdoughfermentation.1)Microbial characteristics of SFFPage 22 The final counts of bacillus=5.4 log cfu/g lactobacillicounts:significantincreaseE.coli counts:numericaldecreaseSothelevelofbacillusintheSFFusedinthepresenttrialshouldhavebeensufficienttoproducepositiveeffectsonpighealth.5.3logcfu/g(Feces)2)Chemical analysis of SFFPage 23Nutritional characteristics of SFF during fermentationSCFA and lactic acid concentration during fermentationDrymatter(%)pHCP(%asfed)WSP(%asfed)WSP/CP(%)Time(d)066.00.136.160.0630.20.208.20.2627.11.03165.60.526.060.0130.80.148.40.1627.20.65265.20.116.020.0230.30.818.40.2927.70.22365.00.425.890.0130.30.158.10.0026.80.13564.41.445.850.0430.50.698.20.3226.90.45764.40.695.850.0830.70.298.00.2925.90.701064.20.435.860.0030.80.578.70.0328.40.421564.71.365.760.0530.60.089.10.5529.61.872063.90.075.790.0130.30.469.20.1030.40.783064.61.165.730.0931.00.029.20.3229.81.02 Nutritional characteristics of SFF SCFA and lactic acid concentrationItemLacticacidAceticacidPropionicacidIsobutyricacidButyricacidIsovaleriacidValericacid-mmol/kg-Time(d)015.00.4716.72.230.10.07ND0.90.140.40.150.40.18110.10.5932.61.790.10.08ND0.70.010.50.060.20.01211.20.0033.40.780.30.15ND0.70.220.50.020.20.0638.22.0046.43.380.30.110.40.020.70.020.50.290.20.0157.60.7134.51.710.30.060.30.200.70.070.40.010.10.0179.71.8242.23.060.60.470.80.650.60.070.30.000.10.021011.70.2432.91.511.10.111.30.060.70.040.40.130.10.001511.50.2446.41.061.61.721.31.440.60.000.20.01ND2010.30.4742.64.511.20.321.20.200.60.000.20.01ND3014.40.5951.32.762.00.112.42.490.40.090.30.08NDND:Notdetected2)Chemical analysis of SFFPage 26PS:Lactic acid fermentationHomofermentation（同型发酵）C6H12O62CH3-CHOH-COOHHeterofermentation（异型发酵）PK：C6H12O6CH3-CHOH-COOH+CH3-CH2OH+CO2HK：2C6H12O62CH3-CHOH-COOH+3CH3COOHeg:Lactobacillus fermentum3)Pig performance and nutrient digestibilityPage 27 Effects of SFF on performance of growing-finishing pigs Effects of SFF on nutrient digestibility in growing-finishing pigsItemDietSEMpControlSFF14-25kgDailygain(g)392433240.26Dailyintake(g)682740360.30Feedconversion1.91.710.080.1225-65kgDailygain(g)784759190.35Dailyintake(g)1,8501,935330.09Feedconversion2.372.550.050.0165-95kgDailygain(g)1,0971,150480.45Dailyintake(g)3,4493,6041240.39Feedconversion3.163.150.060.9014-95kgDailygain(g)766787230.56Dailyintake(g)2,0002,099490.17Feedconversion2.622.680.040.33 Effects of SFF on performance of growing-finishing pigsEffects of SFF on nutrient digestibility in growing-finishing pigsItemDietSEMpControl(%)SFF(%)14-25kgEnergy89.1288.830.860.82Crudeprotein86.8587.661.700.74Calcium71.0768.361.470.22Phosphorus59.3057.381.960.5025-65kgEnergy87.3588.150.630.39Crudeprotein88.2388.820.780.60Calcium52.8251.532.860.76Phosphorus39.9339.831.570.9765-95kgEnergy88.8889.860.460.15Crudeprotein89.2490.520.520.10Calcium42.4845.002.750.52Phosphorus31.0630.602.080.88ConclusionPage 30 1)SSF resulted in high counts of LBA and low counts of enterobacteria of substrate.2)Feeding a diet containing SFF,free of antibiotics,can result in similar performance and nutrient digestibility in growing-finishing pigs as a regular diet with antibiotics.3)SFF is a potential alternative to antibiotic inclusion in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs.Thank you!敬请各位老师和同学批评指正！敬请各位老师和同学批评指正！