(英语)高中英语阅读理解练习题及解析.pdf

（英语）高中英语阅读理解练习题及解析（英语）高中英语阅读理解练习题及解析一、高中英语阅读理解一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。On January 13,2016,France became the first country in the world to pass a law requiringsupermarkets to donate food that is approaching its expiration date(保质期)instead of throwingit away.The regulation that applies to supermarkets over 4,000 square feet requires stores to signofficial donation agreements with local food banks.The law also makes it illegal for stores to pour water over nearly-expired food,or store it insidelocked warehouses until it is picked up by the garbage trucks.These measures are oftenundertaken by supermarkets to prevent the hungry from searching for food through the dustbins.Though that may appear cruel,the stores claim they do it to avoid potential food poisoningthat could occur if the product is on its way past its expiry.Those who do not obey the new lawface the risk of heavy fines.Also,excess goods like yogurt or milk that are likely to go bad quickly are now allowed to bedonated directly to the food banks.Though this has always been possible,the current process islong and complex,making it difficult for producers to give away the food in a timely manner.Frances food banks are of course thrilled about the possibility of receiving extra food.JacquesBailet,who heads a network of French food banks called the Banques Alimentaires,says that ofthe 110,000 tons of goods received annually,only 36,000 tons comes from supermarkets.Bailetestimates(估计)that just a 15%increase in supermarket donations would translate to over 10million additional meals to feed the hungry each year.Though this is a great first step,Arash Dermabarsh,the activist responsible for the grassrootsmovement that led to the ban,is not done.He now wants to extend the law to other places likerestaurants and also try to convince other countries in the European Union to pass similarregulations.These steps are necessary because of the over 9 million tons of food wasted inFrance;an astonishing 67%is thrown away by consumers,with supermarkets and restaurantsmaking up the rest.（1）What should stores do with nearly-expired food?A.Throw it away.B.Send it to the hungry.C.Store it in refrigerators.D.Give it away to food banks.（2）What does the underlined word excess in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Extra.B.Cheap.C.Seasonal.D.Returned.（3）What might Bailet agree with about the French food banks?A.They have a lot of expired food.B.They will get much benefit from the law.C.Their food is enough for the people in need.D.Their food mainly comes fromsupermarkets.（4）What does Dermabarsh plan to do?A.Build more food banks in France.B.Make the law take effect in more places.C.Organize a campaign to promote this law.D.Raise consumers awareness of wastereduction.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了法国成为世界上第一个通过法律要求超市捐赠即将过期食品的国家。而即将过期食品的捐赠对人们和社会都有积极的影响。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知，法国成为世界上第一个通过法律要求超市捐赠即将过期食品的国家，之后文章就此展开。故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Also,excess goods like yogurt or m ilk that are likely togo bad quickly are now allowed to be donated directly to the food banks.”此外，像酸奶或牛奶这样的过剩商品可能很快就会变质，现在可以直接捐赠给食品银行。由此推知划线词的意思是“额外的，过量的”，故选 A。（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Bailet estimates(估计)that just a 15%increase insupermarket donations would translate to over 10 million additional meals to feed the hungryeach year.”可知，Bailet 认为他们将从法律中得到很多好处。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Though this is a great first step,Arash Dermabarsh,the activist responsible for the grassroots movement that led to the ban,is not done.He nowwants to extend the law to other places like restaurants and also try to convince other countriesin the European Union to pass similar regulations.”可知，Dermabarsh 计划让法律在更多的地方生效。故选 B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 When Andrew Kaplan recalls,his stories leave the impression that he has managed to packmultiple lives into a single existence:A war reporter in his 20s.an army member,a successfulbusinessman and-later.the author of numerous spy novels and Hollywood scripts.Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access tothose stories,even when he is no longer alive to share them.Kaplan has agreed to becomeAndyBot-a virtual person who will be:immortalized(T F5)in the cloud for hundreds,perhapsthousands of years If all goes according to plan future generations will be able to interact with himusing voicecomputing platforms of mobile devices,asking him questions,letting him tell stories and drawingupon a lifetimes worth of advice long after his physical body is gone.Someday,Kaplan,who playfully refers to himself as a pig,may be remembered as one of theworlds first digital humans.For decades,Silicon Valley futurists have sought to free humanity from the life cycle.Today,anew generation of companies is selling some approximation(近似)of virtual immortality,whichgives people the opportunity to preserve ones legacy(遗产)online forever.Kaplan is eager to become one of the worlds first virtual residents,partly because he considersthe effort a way to extend closed family bonds over multiple generations.If technology succeeds in creating emotionally intelligent digital humans,expertssay,it mayforever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience loss.AndyBotmay become one of the worlds first:meaningful examples,raising complex philosophicalquestions about the nature of immortality and the purpose of existence itself.（1）What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A.To highlight Kaplans achievements.B.To introduce the topic-AndyBot.C.To arouse readers interest in Kaplan.D.To introduce Kaplans life.（2）Why did Andrew Kaplan agree to become AndyBot?A.He wanted to share his life experience as long as possible.B.He wanted to make his loved one remember him.C.He believed this action will help with his novels.D.He could live in the cloud to continue his life.（3）What might the AndyBot do for future generations?A.He may use voice computing platforms.B.He may use a new body to go on living.C.He may offer some guidance.D.He may ask them questions.（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Philosophical problems can be worked out by modern science.B.People can talk with their late family members freely.C.Scientists have made great progress in computer science.D.There is still a long way for digital humans to go.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技新动态-数字人。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知，当安德鲁卡普兰回忆往昔的时候，他的故事让人感觉他活出了各种各样的人生：20 多岁的时候是战地记者，还是一名军人，一位成功的商人，随后又是很多间谍小说和好莱坞剧本的作者。主要介绍安德鲁卡普兰丰富多彩的人生；在根据第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his lovedones to have access to those stories,even when he is no longer alive to share them.Kaplan hasagreed to become“AndyBot”-a virtual person who will be”现在这位花白头发的 78 岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。Kaplan 同意变成数字人，可知，第一段的内容主要是引出下文中文章的话题数字人。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized hewould like his loved ones to have access to those stories,even when he is no longer alive to sharethem.Kaplan has agreed to become AndyBot.a virtual person who will be”现在这位花白头发的 78 岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。Kaplan 同意变成数字人，可知，卡普兰同意变成数字人是为了能更长时间的分享自己的这些故事。故选 A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“If all goes according to plan.future generations will beable to interact with him using voice computing platforms of mobile devices,asking himquestions,letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetimes worth of advice long after hisphysical body is gone.”如果一切按计划进行，后代可以通过移动端的语音平台和他交流，即使他的肉体不存在后，还可以问他问题，让他讲故事以及咨询他一生经验的宝贵建议。可知卡普兰成为“数字人”后，他的后代仍能得到他一生经验的宝贵建议。故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If technology succeeds in creating emotionallyintelligent digital humans,experts say,it may forever change the way living people cooperatewith computers and experience loss.”可知，专家们说，如果科技成功地创造出高情商的数字人类，它可能会永远改变人类与电脑交互的方式，以及处理失去亲人创伤的方式，即目前的数字人类还无法拥有高情商，还是不够完美的，因此数字人技术还有很长的路要走。故选 D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 Norman Garmezy,a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota,met thousandsof children in his four decades of research.A nine-year-old boy in particular stuck with him.Hehas an alcoholic mother and an absent father.But each day he would walk in to school with asmile on his face.He wanted to make sure that no one would feel pity for him and no one wouldknow his mothers incompetence.”The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as“resilience”.Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists.People who are lucky enough to neverexperience any sort of adversity(逆境)wont know how resilient they are.Its only when theyrefaced with obstacles,stress,and other environmental threats that resilience,or the lack of it,comes out.Some give in and some conquer.Garmezys work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individualssuccess despite the challenges they faced.His research indicated that some elements had to dowith luck,but quite large set of elements was psychological,and had to do with how the childrenresponded to the environment.The resilient children had what psychologists call an“internallens of control(内控点)”.They believed that they,and not their circumstances,affected theirachievements.The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.Ceorge Bonanno has been studying resilience for years at Columbia Universitys TeachersCollege.He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity.Thisdifference might come from perception(认知)whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤),or as an opportunity to learn and grow.“Stressful”or“traumatic”events themselves dont havemuch predictive power when it comes to life outcomes.Exposure to potentially traumatic eventsdoes not predict later functioning,”Bonanno said.Its only predictive if theres a negativeresponse.”In other words,living through adversity doesnt guarantee that youll suffer goingforward.The good news is that positive perception can be taught.We can make ourselves more or lesseasily hurt by how we think about things,Bonanno said.In research at Columbia,theneuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of adversity in differentways-to reframe it in positive terms when the initial response is negative,or in a less emotionalway when the initial response is emotionally“hot”-changes how they experience and react tothe adversity.（1）According to the passage,resilience is an individuals ability_.A.to think critically B.to decide ones own fateC.to live a better life D.to recover from adversity（2）What does the underlined word“they”in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.The psychologistsB.The resilient childrenC.Positive elementsD.Internal locus of control（3）According to Paragraph 4,we can learn that_.A.your positive perception may turn adversity aroundB.stressful events are morepredictive than delightful eventsC.experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on sufferingD.a negative responsedoesnt guarantee you will suffer all the time（4）What is the authors purpose of writing this passage?A.To teach people how to be resilientB.To encourage people to live through adversityC.To indicate peoples perception varies from each otherD.To compare different researchfindings about resilience【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）A【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍说明类文章。文章介绍了一种品质：韧性（resilience）。文章介绍了什么是韧性，韧性的作用，如何培养韧性等内容。（1）推理判断题。由第二段中的“People who are lucky enough to never experience any sortof adversity(逆境)wont know how resilient they are.Its only when theyre faced with obstacles,stress,and other environmental threats that resilience,or the lack of it,comes out.Some give inand some conquer”可知，那些没有经历过逆境的人不会知道自己有多大的韧性。只有当他们面对障碍，压力等逆境时，他们才能知道自己的韧性有多大。有的人向逆境屈服，有的人成功度过了逆境。由此可知，那些成功度过逆境的人属于非常有韧性的人。韧性应该指克服逆境的能力。故答案选D。（2）词义猜测题。由第三段中的“The resilient children had what psychologists call an“internal lens of control(内控点)”.They believed that they,and not their circumstances,affectedtheir achievements.The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.”可知，那些有韧性的孩子拥有所谓的“内控点”。他们认为他们影响了自己的成就，而不是他们所处的环境影响了他们的成就。这些有韧性的孩子将自己看作是自己命运的主宰者。由此可知，they 指的就是 the resilient children。故答案选 B。（3）推理判断题。由第四段中的“He found that some people are far better than others atdealing with adversity.This difference might come from perception(认知)whether they think ofan event as traumatic(创伤),or as an opportunity to learn and grow.”可知，一些人比另一些人更擅长处理逆境。这种差别来自他们的认知。如果他们将逆境当做是学习和成长的机会，对此做出积极的反应，那么，他们就能很好的处理逆境。反之，如果他们做出消极的反应，那么，他们就不能很好的来处理逆境。由此可以推知，积极的认知可以改变逆境，使情况朝着好的方向发展。故答案选A。（4）写作意图题。文章第一段以例子提出“resilience”这个话题。第二段解释了什么是resilience，第三和第四段以 Garmezy 的研究说明，当面对逆境的时候，韧性可以帮助我们扭转逆境，关键在于要有积极的认知。第五段强调，积极的认知是可以学习的。故这篇文章的写作意图就是告诉读者如何使自己有韧性：用积极的态度去对待逆境。故答案选A。【点评】阅读理解写作意图、态度解题技巧：根据文体类别推断写作目的（1）写作目的（to entertain readers）常见于故事类的文章。（2）写作目的（to persuade readers）常见于广告类的文章。在这样的文章中，作者或是要推销一种产品一种服务（to sell a productor a service），或是要通过对旅游景点报刊杂志影片电视节目等的介绍来达到他的写作目的：吸引更多的游客读者或订户观众等（to attract more visitors/readers/audience）（3）写作目的（to inform readers）多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类的文章，了解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时有必要找准文章的主题句，或较好地对主题加以归纳。4阅读理解 Weaving hammocks is an art that takes a sharp eye,a skilled hand and lots of patience.But inLenwood Haddocks case,being blind works to his advantage.His trained,sensitive hands areacutely aware of every step of the process.Since beginning his craft in 1986,Lenwood has wovenabout 145,000 perfect hammocks.Lenwood lost his sight in 1973,at age 18,during a hunting accident.“My whole working careerhas been blind,”he says.He first found a job as a woodworker,but when that organization closed,the North Carolina Division of Services for the Blind connected him with Hatteras Hammocks.Onhis first day of work.“I did a total of one hammock,”Lenwood recalls,laughing.“And then I camehome and lay down to sleep.I lift weights,but I wasnt as tough as I thought until I startedweaving.lt takesa lot of energy,and youre standing up all day.”In time,however,Lenwood found he had a knack(窍门)for the job.At first he worked on-siteat the company,but after a year Lenwood moved his operation to the home workshop where hehad worked for 10 years during his woodworking days.There,he creates dozens of hammocks each week from ropes in a variety of sizes.One day,herealized the step counter on his phone recorded him walking eight miles without ever leaving hisshop.The process of weaving a hammock involves making and catching hundreds of loops(环).Asingle missed stitch(织针)creates a hole that can widen and make the hammock uncomfortableor even dangerous to use.Experienced weavers miss loops sometimes,but to his companysknowledge,Lenwood has never turned in a hammock with even one dropped stitch.Lenwoodsskilled fingers are quick to catch and fix any mistakes.The company has acquired other brands and changed its name to The Hammock Source.Today,it is the worlds largest maker and seller of hammocks,all built by hand.However,Lenwoods routine has changed little.He works his fingers back and forth across therows,looping the rope and pulling it.With every hammock,Lenwood presents himself a perfectproduct.“Im not sure how sighted people do it,”