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会计学-企业决策的基础-答案.doc

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管理会计作业(chapter16-20) Chapter 16  P757 16、5A a、   (1) Direct materials purchased $ 410,000   (2) Direct materials used:       Materials inventory, beginning of year $  22,000   Add: Purchases of direct materials   410,000     Cost of direct materials available for use $ 432,000       Less: Materials inventory, end of year   26,000   Cost of direct materials used $     406,000   (3) Payments of direct labor payrolls $  189,000   (4) Direct labor cost assigned to production $    192,000   (5) Total manufacturing costs:   Direct materials used [part a (2)] $   406,000       Direct labor cost        192,000       Manufacturing overhead        393,600   Total manufacturing costs  $ 991,600    (6) Cost of finished goods manufactured:   Work in process inventory, beginning of year  $   5,000     Add: Total manufacturing costs [part a (5)]      991,600      Cost of all goods in process during the year $   996,600    Less: Work in process inventory, end of year   9,000     Cost of finished goods manufactured  $    987,600       (7) Cost of goods sold:         Beginning inventory of finished goods $   38,000         Add: Cost of finished goods manufactured [part a (6)]     987,600      Cost of goods available for sale  $ 1,025,600       Less: Ending inventory of finished goods   25,000     Cost of goods sold $  1,000,600     (8) Total inventory:     Materials inventory $  26,000     Work in process inventory      9,000       Finished goods inventory      25,000    Total inventory $  60,000 b、 HILLSDALE MANUFACTURING CORP、 Schedule of the Cost of Finished Goods Manufactured For the Year Ended December 31, 20__ Work in process inventory, beginning of year      $       5,000 Add: Manufacturing costs assigned to production:       Direct materials used [part a (2)] $   406,000     Direct labor      192,000    Manufacturing overhead      393,600     Total manufacturing costs       991,600  Cost of all goods in process during the year   $      996,600   Less: Work in process, end of year        9,000  Cost of finished goods manufactured    $  987,600 Chapter 16  P761  16、4B a、   Purchases of direct materials $     360,000 b、   Cost of direct materials used:       Materials inventory, beginning of year $     18,000    Add: Purchases of direct materials   360,000       Cost of materials available for use $   378,000   Less: Materials inventory, end of year   14,000       Cost of direct materials used  $  364,000 c、 Direct labor payrolls paid during the year $   225,000 d、 Direct labor costs assigned to production $   230,000   e、 Overhead costs during the year $ 400,000   Units in the activity base (direct labor costs)       230,000     Overhead stated as a percentage of direct labor costs     ($400,000 ÷ $230,000) 174%         f、 Direct materials used (part b) $   364,000 Direct labor costs assigned to production   230,000   Manufacturing overhead applied to production     400,000   Total manufacturing costs charged to work in process $    994,000 g、 Costs of finished goods manufactured:       Work in process inventory, beginning of year $   20,000   Add: Total manufacturing costs (part f)      994,000 Cost of all goods in process during the year $ 1,014,000       Less: Cost of work in process inventory, end of year   25,000   Cost of finished goods manufactured $   989,000   h、   Cost of goods sold:   Beginning inventory of finished goods $     98,000   Add: Cost of finished goods manufactured (part g)     989,000 Cost of goods available for sale $  1,087,000   Less: Ending inventory of finished goods 110,000   Cost of goods sold $    977,000 i、 Total inventory at year-end:   Materials inventory $   14,000     Work in process inventory    25,000     Finished goods inventory   110,000       Total inventory $ 149,000 Chapter 17  P802  17、3A a、 Department One overhead application rate based on machine-hours: Manufacturing Overhead = $420,000  = $35 per machine-hour Machine-Hours 12,000 Department Two overhead application rate based on direct labor hours: Manufacturing Overhead = $337,500 = $22、50 per direct labor hour Direct Labor Hours 15,000 b、 Job no、 58:         Dept、 One Dept、 Two Total Direct materials   $     10,100 $     7,600  $     17,700 Direct labor     16,500        11,100   27,600 Manufacturing overhead:         750 machine—hours × $35 per hour     26,250   26,250 740 direct labor hours × $22、50 per hour      16,650        16,650 Total cost of job no、 58    $         88,200 c、           General Journal               Cost of Goods Sold         88,200       Finished Goods Inventory         88,200   To record cost of goods sold (job no、 58)      to City Furniture、      Accounts Receivable (City Furniture)   147,000     Sales              147,000 To record revenue from sale to City Furniture、   d、                             Dept、 One Dept、 Two Actual manufacturing overhead for January     $   39,010 $       26,540     Manufacturing overhead applied to jobs:       1,100 machine-hours × $35 per hour       38,500      1,200 direct labor hours × $22、50 per hour   27,000     Underapplied manufacturing overhead—Dept、 One $       510  Overapplied manufacturing overhead—Dept、 Two $             460  Chapter 17  P805  17、8A a、 Budgeted manufacturing overhead  $  24,600 Budgeted direct labor hours (DLH) ÷ 2,500   Manufacturing overhead application rate $   9、84 per DLH     Manufacturing overhead allocated using DLH Basic Chunks Custom Cuts 50,000 bags × 0、01 DLH per bag × $9、84 per DLH  $    4,920       20,000 cases × 0、10 DLH per case × $9、84 per DLH   $  19,680    b、 Percent of cost driver assigned to each product line Basic Chunks Custom Cuts Kilowatt hours:   Basic Chunks (90,000 KWH ÷ 100,000 KWH) 90%   Custom Cuts (10,000 KWH ÷ 100,000 KWH)   10%     Machine hours:   Basic Chunks (160 MH ÷ 200 NH) 80%        Custom Cuts (40 MH ÷ 200 MH)   20%       Square feet occupied:     Basic Chunks (60,000 Sq、 Ft、 ÷ 80,000 Sq、 Ft、) 75%         Custom Cuts (20,000 Sq、 Ft、 ÷ 80,000 Sq、 Ft、) 25%     Direct labor hours:       Basic Chunks (500 DLH ÷ 2,500 DLH) 20%        Custom Cuts (2,000 DLH ÷ 2,500 DLH) 80%     Manufacturing overhead allocated using ABC Basic Chunks Custom Cuts   Utilities cost pool (using KWH as a cost driver):      Basic Chunks (90% × $8,000) $    7,200        Custom Cuts (10% × $8,000)  $        800         Maintenance cost pool (using MH as a cost driver):   Basic Chunks (80% × $1,000) $       800 Custom Cuts (20% × $1,000)   $      200      Depreciation cost pool (using Sq、 Ft、 as a cost driver):       Basic Chunks (75% × $15,000) $       11,250     Custom Cuts (25% × $15,000)    $   3,750         Miscellaneous cost pool (using DLH as a cost driver):     Basic Chunks (20% × $600) $        120      Custom Cuts (80% × $600)  $     480  Total overhead allocated to each product line using ABC $       19,370 $      5,230 c、 Total manufacturing costs allocated to each product line Basic Chunks Custom Cuts   Direct Labor:         Basic Chunks (50,000 bags × $12 per DLH × 0、01 DLH)  $      6,000      Custom Cuts (20,000 cases × $12 per DLH × 0、10 DLH)   $      24,000   Direct Materials:         Basic Chunks (50,000 bags × $2 per bag) $ 100,000 Custom Cuts (20,000 cases × $4 per case) $   80,000     Manufacturing Overhead (allocate using ABC):    Basic Chunks (from part b) $      19,370    Custom Cuts (from part b) $   5,230   Total cost allocated using ABC  $ 125,370  $ 109,230     d、 The Custom Cuts product line is very labor intensive in parison to the Basic Chunks product line、  Thus, the pany’s current practice of using direct labor hours to allocate overhead results in the assignment of a disproportionate amount of total overhead to the Custom Cuts product line、  If pricing decisions are set as a fixed percentage above the manufacturing costs assigned to each product, the Custom Cuts product line is overpriced in the marketplace whereas the Basic Chunks product line is currently priced at an artificially low price in the marketplace、 This probably explains why sales of Basic Chunks remain strong while sales of Custom Cuts are on the decline、 e、 The benefits the pany would achieve by implementing an activity-based costing system include: (1) a better identification of its operating inefficiencies, (2) a better understanding of its overhead cost structure, (3) a better understanding of the resource requirements of each product line, (4) the potential to increase the selling price of Basic Chunks to make it more parable to petitive brands and possibly do so without having to sacrifice significant market share, and (5) the ability to decrease the selling price of Custom Cuts without having to sacrifice product quality、 Chapter 18 P835  18、1 B、 Ex、 18、1 a、 job costing (each project of a construction pany is unique) b、 both job and process costing (institutional clients may represent unique jobs) c、 job costing (each set of equipment is uniquely designed and manufactured) d、 process costing (the dog houses are uniformly manufactured in high volumes) e、 process costing (the vitamins and supplements are uniformly manufactured in high volumes) Chapter 18 P841 18、3A Part I、 Physical Flow Total Units   Inputs: • Beginning WIP       -0- • Started 4,000 Dishwashers to account for 4,000 Outputs:   • Units pleted 4,000 • Ending WIP   -0- Dishwashers accounted for 4,000     Part II、 Equivalent Units   Direct Materials Conversion Costs  Based on monthly input:   • Beginning WIP        —0-   -0- • Units started 4,000 4,000 Equivalent units of input 4,000 4,000   Based on monthly output:     • Units pleted 4,000 4,000 • Ending WIP     -0-      -0— Equivalent units of output 4,000 4,000     Part III、 Cost Per Equivalent Unit Total Unit Cost Direct Materials Conversion Costs Costs from Tub Department   $150,000 $30,000  Costs from Motor Department     96,000 24,000     TOTAL $246,000 $54,000     Divide by equivalent units    ÷ 4,000  ÷ 4,000   Costs per equivalent unit $75、00 $      61、5 $  13、50   Part IV、 Total Cost Assignment Total Costs Direct Materials Conversion Costs Costs to account for:   • Cost of beginning WIP $   —0—   • Cost added during the period  300,000   Total cost to account for $300,000      Costs accounted for:   • Cost of goods transferred     Beginning WIP last period  $   -0- $      -0-   $      -0—  Beginning WIP this period -0-          -0—     -0—  Started and pleted  300,000    246,000a   54,000b Total cost transferred $300,000 $246,000  $54,000  • Add ending WIP          —0-         -0—     —0- Total cost accounted for $300,000 $246,000 $54,000      a4,000 EU  $61、50 = $246,000 b4,000 EU $13、50 = $54,000 Chapter 18 P845  18、2B a、 (1) $49 [($192,000 + $48,000 + $54,000) ÷ 6,000 units] (2) $109 [($480,000 + $108,000 + $66,000) ÷ 6,000 units] (3) $158 ($49 + $109) (4) $32 ($192,000 ÷ 6,000 units) (5) $18 ($108,000 ÷ 6,000 units) b、 In evaluating the overall efficiency of the Engine Department, management would look at the monthly per-unit cost incurred by that department, which is the cost of assembling and installing an engine ($109 in part a)、 Chapter 20 P918 20、1A a、 Required contribution margin per unit         Budgeted operating Ine    $    260,000 Fixed costs     540,000     Total required contribution margin   $ 800,000     Number of units to be produced and sold     50,000   Required contribution margin per unit     ($800,000 ÷ $50,000 units)        $       16          Required sales price per unit:       Required contribution margin per unit  $       16      Variable costs and expenses per unit           84     Total required unit sales price   $   100                              b、 Break-Even Sales Volume (in units) = Fixed Costs Contribution Margin per Unit = $540,000 $16 = 33,750 units                   c、 Margin of safety at 50,000 units:           Sales volume at 50,000 units ($100 × 50,000 units)    $
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