高考英语语法填空解题技巧.pdf

高考英语语法填空解题技巧高考英语语法填空解题技巧题型解读：题型解读：一篇一篇 200200 字左右的短文或对话字左右的短文或对话5-75-7 个空白根据给出单词的正确形式填空个空白根据给出单词的正确形式填空3-53-5 个根据上下文填写空白处所需内容个根据上下文填写空白处所需内容能力考查：能力考查：理解语篇、句子结构、理解语篇、句子结构、运用语法、单词拼写。运用语法、单词拼写。语法填空的考点或考查内容是：语法填空的考点或考查内容是：(1)(1)纯空格题：通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。一个空格只能填一个纯空格题：通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。一个空格只能填一个单词单词(2)(2)用括号中所给词填空：通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词用括号中所给词填空：通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、最高级、词类转换等。一个空格可和副词的比较级、最高级、词类转换等。一个空格可以填以填 1 1，2 2，3 3 个单词个单词一一 有提示词类试题的答题要诀有提示词类试题的答题要诀（一）给出了动词的试题的解题技巧（一）给出了动词的试题的解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。技巧技巧 1 1：1 1）看位置。在主语后与主语构成主谓结构，那么填谓语动词，要考虑）看位置。在主语后与主语构成主谓结构，那么填谓语动词，要考虑时态语态以及主谓一致。时态语态以及主谓一致。2 2）看是否有并列连词）看是否有并列连词 and,but,soand,but,so 等做标志，做并列谓语等做标志，做并列谓语例句例句 1 1：His fear of failure _(keep)him from classroom games that otherHis fear of failure _(keep)him from classroom games that otherchildren played with joy.children played with joy.解析：因主语解析：因主语 His fear of failureHis fear of failure 后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与词；因主语与 keepkeep 是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词 playedplayed可知，要用一般过去时，故填可知，要用一般过去时，故填 kept.kept.例句例句 2 2：1 1 ThatThat waswas completelycompletely notnot a a goodgood ideaidea,so,so I I politelypolitely refusedrefused herherinvitation,invitation,4040(close)my book and walked away.(close)my book and walked away.解析：解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词虽然句中已有谓语动词 refusedrefused，但由但由 and walkedand walked 可知，可知，所填词与所填词与 refusedrefused和和 walkedwalked 是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式 closedclosed。牛刀小试牛刀小试 1 1：1 1My brother _(succeed)in winning the election last week.My brother _(succeed)in winning the election last week.2 2More than 2,000 people are _(employ).More than 2,000 people are _(employ).3 3The first card _(design)by the boy last weekThe first card _(design)by the boy last week4 4Mr.Smith stood up,_(pick)up his book and left.Mr.Smith stood up,_(pick)up his book and left.技巧技巧 2 2 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用若是非谓语动词就要确定用inging 形式、形式、eded 形式，形式，还是用不定式形式。还是用不定式形式。（to do/to do/to be done)to be done)1确定方法如下：确定方法如下：VingVing 形式表主动，进行形式表主动，进行.或作主语；宾语或作主语；宾语VedVed形式表被动，完成形式表被动，完成To doTo do形式表主动，将来，形式表主动，将来，例句例句 1 1：It is important for us _(learn)English.It is important for us _(learn)English.解析：句中有谓语动词解析：句中有谓语动词 is,is,it it 是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语。所以填是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语。所以填to learn.to learn.例句例句 2 2：_(take)exercise is of great benefit to us._(take)exercise is of great benefit to us.解析：句中有谓语动词解析：句中有谓语动词 is,is,所以所以 taketake 应为非谓语；分析句子成分，作主语，表应为非谓语；分析句子成分，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词。故填示一般情况，要用动名词。故填 Taking.Taking.例句例句 3 3：_(catch)the first bus,he got up early._(catch)the first bus,he got up early.解析：解析：句中有谓语动词句中有谓语动词 got up,got up,所以所以 catchcatch 应为非谓语动词。应为非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析，根据句子成分分析，作状语，表目的，故要用不定式而且主动的，作状语，表目的，故要用不定式而且主动的，To catch.To catch.例句例句 4 4：The teacher entered the classroom,_(follow)by some students.The teacher entered the classroom,_(follow)by some students.解析：句中已有谓语解析：句中已有谓语 entered,entered,而而 followfollow 又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因为又因为 thethe teacherteacher 与与 followfollow 是被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状是被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语语,followed.,followed.例句例句 5 5：He saw the stone,_(say)to himself,He saw the stone,_(say)to himself,“The night will be darkThe night will be dark”.解析：句中已有谓语解析：句中已有谓语 saw,saw,且没有并列连词构成并列谓语，所以，所给动词应当且没有并列连词构成并列谓语，所以，所给动词应当是非谓语；又因是非谓语；又因 HeHe 和和 saysay 是主动关系，故填是主动关系，故填 sayingsaying 作伴随状语。作伴随状语。例句例句 6 6：Lessons _(learn)in sports can help us in our dealing with otherLessons _(learn)in sports can help us in our dealing with otherpeople.people.解析：解析：因句中已有谓语因句中已有谓语can help,can help,所以所以learnlearn 应为非谓语动词；应为非谓语动词；又因又因lessonlesson与与learnlearn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作后置定语，故填是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作后置定语，故填 learned.learned.牛刀小试牛刀小试 2 2：1 1The teacher walked around _(inspect).The teacher walked around _(inspect).2 2Sorry,I canSorry,I can t go with you.t go with you.I Im _(suffer)from a serious headache.m _(suffer)from a serious headache.3 With time _(go)by,he has explored more and more fields3 With time _(go)by,he has explored more and more fields4 4_(host)the Olympics Games is also a great responsibility._(host)the Olympics Games is also a great responsibility.5 5We all want to have the problem _(solve)in a peaceful way.We all want to have the problem _(solve)in a peaceful way.6 6He canHe can t say a word,_(point)at the notice on the wall angrily.t say a word,_(point)at the notice on the wall angrily.7 7 The film _(base)on the novel is so interesting.The film _(base)on the novel is so interesting.8 8The game _(design)for children to develop their interest in maths is popularThe game _(design)for children to develop their interest in maths is popularwith the kids.with the kids.9 _(see)the big snake,the little girl was frightened.9 _(see)the big snake,the little girl was frightened.10 _(ask)why he stole the book,he kept silent.10 _(ask)why he stole the book,he kept silent.二二 词类转换题的解题技巧词类转换题的解题技巧2（一）作表语，定语或补语，通常用形容词形式（一）作表语，定语或补语，通常用形容词形式根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。例句例句 1 1：The boy immediately felt _(silence)when he heard the bad news.The boy immediately felt _(silence)when he heard the bad news.解析：因在系动词解析：因在系动词 feltfelt 后作表语，用形容词，故填后作表语，用形容词，故填 silentsilent。例句例句 2 2：If diseased tissue is found,a _(power)laserIf diseased tissue is found,a _(power)laser（激光）（激光）can be used tocan be used toburn it awaburn it awayy解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填 powerfulpowerful。例句例句 3 3：TeachersTeachers mustmust trytry theirtheir bestbest toto makemake mostmost ofof theirtheir studentsstudents _(interest)in the subject(interest)in the subject解析：因所填词在句中作宾语解析：因所填词在句中作宾语 most of their studentsmost of their students 的补足语，用形容词；表示的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣的感兴趣的”，填，填 interestedinterested。牛刀小试牛刀小试 3 3：1 Mike was a _(rely)man and I think you can rely1 Mike was a _(rely)man and I think you can relyon him.on him.2 He can2 He can t stand(t stand(忍受忍受)people who are _(cruelty)people who are _(cruelty)3 Tom made his mother _(anger)because of his3 Tom made his mother _(anger)because of hisrudeness.rudeness.（二）作主语、及物动词或介词后宾语，在冠词、形容词性物主代词后，或（二）作主语、及物动词或介词后宾语，在冠词、形容词性物主代词后，或“冠冠词词+形容词形容词”后，用名词形式；有时需要注意名词复数。后，用名词形式；有时需要注意名词复数。例句例句1:John Snow was able to announce1:John Snow was able to announce withwithcertainty(certain).certainty(certain).2 2：On December 10,the anniversary ofOn December 10,the anniversary of thethedeath(die)of Nobeldeath(die)of Nobel3:3:RecognizingRecognizing youryour badbad eatingeating habitshabits is is ofof greatgreatimportanceimportance(important)in correcting the behavior.(important)in correcting the behavior.牛刀小试牛刀小试 4 4：1 They carried the children to _(safe)1 They carried the children to _(safe)2 I hold the _(believe)that we can overcome the2 I hold the _(believe)that we can overcome thedifficulties.difficulties.3 On his _(arrive),he was given a warm welcome.3 On his _(arrive),he was given a warm welcome.（三）修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式（三）修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式例句例句 1 1 SadlySadly(sad)(sad)thethe librarylibrary hadhad movedmoved fromfrom itsits originaloriginal placeplace intointo anotheranotherbuilding.building.(副词修饰整个句子副词修饰整个句子)2 By bending or pressing down in your seat,you can move2 By bending or pressing down in your seat,you can moveswiftly(swift)swiftly(swift)（所给词修饰动词（所给词修饰动词 movemove）牛刀小试牛刀小试 5 5：1 He looked calm,but _(actual)he was nervous.1 He looked calm,but _(actual)he was nervous.2 2 MotherMother hashas notnot yetyet recoveredrecovered fromfrom thethe seriousserious illness,illness,butbut herherhealth is improving _(gradual)day by day.health is improving _(gradual)day by day.3 3 Anyone,Anyone,whetherwhether hehe is is anan officialofficial oror a a busbus driver,driver,shouldshould bebe3_(equal)respected._(equal)respected.（四）有可能是词类不用变，主要是考察（四）有可能是词类不用变，主要是考察1 1具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加根前加 un-un-等，在词根后加等，在词根后加-less-less 等等2 2比较级比较级/最高级最高级3 3名词变复数名词变复数例句例句 1 1 HeHe hashas strongstrong determinationdetermination andand is is unwillingunwilling(willing)(willing)toto givegive upup thetheopportunity.(opportunity.(他有很强的决心，不愿意放弃这次机会他有很强的决心，不愿意放弃这次机会)2 2 OneOne mainmain disadvantagedisadvantage(advantage)(advantage)ofof thisthis areaarea is is thatthat thethe publicpublictransport is not convenient.transport is not convenient.(这个地区一个主要缺点是公共交通不便利这个地区一个主要缺点是公共交通不便利)3 Social customs_(custom)3 Social customs_(custom)areare different from country to country.different from country to country.4 4 TheThe harderharder(hard)(hard)youyou trytry toto study,study,thethe moremore likely(likely(可能的可能的)youyou willwillsucceed.succeed.(the+(the+比较级，比较级，the+the+比较级比较级 结构：越结构：越越越-)-)牛刀小试牛刀小试 6 6：1 I _(like)people who talk loudly in public places.I think1 I _(like)people who talk loudly in public places.I thinkits very impolite.its very impolite.2 2 It It is is _(_(fair)fair)thatthat hehe getsgets veryvery littlelittle inin rewardreward forfor hishis hardhardwork.work.3 3 YourYour mistakemistake causedcaused a a lotlot ofof _(necessary)(necessary)workwork inin thetheoffice.office.4 Now the water in the river is _(clean)than ever.4 Now the water in the river is _(clean)than ever.5 We have made our _(mind)to study English.5 We have made our _(mind)to study English.训练提升一训练提升一1.I was certain she would like it because I1.I was certain she would like it because I_(tell)by my classmates that_(tell)by my classmates thatshe loved hot food.she loved hot food.2.Being too anxious often _(lead)to the bad result.2.Being too anxious often _(lead)to the bad result.3 3 InIn Logan,Logan,threethree peoplepeople _(take)(take)toto a a hospital,hospital,whilewhile othersothers wereweretreated at a local clinic(treated at a local clinic(地方诊所地方诊所).).4 House prices in that city _4 House prices in that city _(decrease)by only 5%since(decrease)by only 5%sincelast year.last year.训练提升二训练提升二1_(speak)out your inner(1_(speak)out your inner(内心的内心的)feeling wont make you fe)feeling wont make you fe el ashamed,el ashamed,on the contrary(on the contrary(说出你的内心感受不会使你难堪，相反。说出你的内心感受不会使你难堪，相反。)2 We must also consider the reaction of the person _(receive)the gift.2 We must also consider the reaction of the person _(receive)the gift.3 Before the waitress could even finish describing the menu,my friend looked at3 Before the waitress could even finish describing the menu,my friend looked atme with his eyebrows(me with his eyebrows(眉毛眉毛)(raise).(raise).4 4 _(complete)_(complete)thethe projectproject asas planned,planned,wewe ll ll havehave toto workwork twotwo moremorehours a day.hours a day.5 He saw the stone,_(say)to himself:5 He saw the stone,_(say)to himself:“The night will be very dark.The night will be very dark.”46 6LessonsLessons _(learn)(learn)inin sportssports cancan helphelp usus inin ourour dealingdealing withwith otherotherpeople.people.训练提升三训练提升三1.“Th1.“Thirty-irty-five cents,”she saidfive cents,”she said _(rude)._(rude).2.As far as I am concerned,my _(suggest)is that we should always2.As far as I am concerned,my _(suggest)is that we should alwayshave a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.3.3.ThisThis proverbproverb is is sayingsaying wewe havehave toto letlet thingsthings gogo inin theirtheir _(nature)(nature)course.course.4.4.It is _(legal)to sell drugs,which do harm to peoples health.It is _(legal)to sell drugs,which do harm to peoples health.5.5.One of the _(bad)gift choices I ever made was for my high schoolOne of the _(bad)gift choices I ever made was for my high schoolEnglish teacherEnglish teacher6.6.WeWe werewere bothboth laughinglaughing thethe wholewhole time.time.WhenWhen it it waswas timetime toto leave,leave,I I saidsaid“thank“thank you”you”inin English,English,usingusing somesome ofof thethe fewfew wordswords I I hadhad learned.learned.I I feltfelt_(lonely)than I had expected that night._(lonely)than I had expected that night.7.7.Lucille Clifton is an award-winning poet and writer.CriticsLucille Clifton is an award-winning poet and writer.Critics（评论家）（评论家）callcallher one of the _(great)writers of our time.her one of the _(great)writers of our time.8 8 He took some special _(course)He took some special _(course)to improve singing ability.to improve singing ability.综合提升训练综合提升训练1 Little children live under the _(protect)of their parents.1 Little children live under the _(protect)of their parents.2 Deeply _(affect)by the story of Cong Fei,2 Deeply _(affect)by the story of Cong Fei,I am determined to be aI am determined to be avolunteer.volunteer.3 I found the streets _(decorate)with colorful flowers.3 I found the streets _(decorate)with colorful flowers.4 I am eager to share my _ _(happy)with you.4 I am eager to share my _ _(happy)with you.5 You have made much _(great)progress in English5 You have made much _(great)progress in English6 She6 She s thinking of _(select)some short stories for my outside reading.s thinking of _(select)some short stories for my outside reading.7 He looked through the suits and_(select)the cheapest for me.7 He looked through the suits and_(select)the cheapest for me.8 It is a great honor to attend a dinner party _(host)by the president of8 It is a great honor to attend a dinner party _(host)by the president ofthe company.the company.9 9 ProfessorProfessor LiLi failedfailed manymany timestimes butbut hehe _(final)_(final)foundfound a a goodgood wayway totosolve the problem.solve the problem.10 It is an _(extreme)difficult task.10 It is an _(extreme)difficult task.11 People will have eye problems if they spend too much time _(watch)11 People will have eye problems if they spend too much time _(watch)3-D movies.3-D movies.12 The lawyer devoted his _(value)time to helping us.12 The lawyer devoted his _(value)time to helping us.13 _(reach)the goal his boss set for him is his present dream.13 _(reach)the goal his boss set for him is his present dream.14 He was so angry that he threw the glass,_(break)it into pieces.14 He was so angry that he threw the glass,_(break)it into pieces.15 I must have the paper _(type)in less than two hours.15 I must have the paper _(type)in less than two hours.16 The next contest will _(host)in Shanghai.16 The next contest will _(host)in Shanghai.17 The more you speak English,_(good)it will become.17 The more you speak English,_(good)it will become.18 The _ expression on his face suggested that he was _ at18 The _ expression on his face suggested that he was _ at5the _news.the _news.(amaze)(amaze)19 Not _(know)how to solve the problem,he asked the teacher for help.19 Not _(know)how to solve the problem,he asked the teacher for help.20 _(praise)by the teacher,the students were very excited.20 _(praise)by the teacher,the students were very excited.答案：训练提升一训练提升一1.was told2.leads 3.were taken4.have decreased训练提升二训练提升二1.Speaking 2.receiving 3.raised 4.To complete5.saying 6.learned训练提升三训练提升三1.rudely 2.suggestion 3.natural 4.illegal 5.bad 6.more lonely 7.greatest 8.courses综合提升训练综合提升训练1.protection 2.affected 3.decorated 4.happiness 5.great 6.selecting7.selected8.hosted 9.finally 10.extremely 11.watching 12.